水下航行器智能航向滑模控制

为了实现对自主水下航行器参考航向的平滑、快速跟踪,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的航向跟踪自适应反演滑模控制算法。针对水池试验中不同程度的水流干扰,利用一种干扰观测器观测系统的不确定性和外部干扰,未观测到的部分干扰采用自适应滑模控制器进行补偿。控制器的设计消除了传统滑模控制的"抖振"现象,且保证了闭环系统的稳定性。同时该控制系统可智能选取控制策略,通过判断水流循环等外界干扰的程度,自动选取合适的控制策略,最终消除外界干扰,提高了跟踪的稳定性和快速性。仿真结果表明,该控制策略能很好地实现智能航向跟踪控制,使跟踪误差在有限时间内快速收敛到零,对外界扰动的变化具有强鲁棒性和良好的自适应性。     

基于有限时间预设性能的高超声速飞行器反演控制

针对存在参数不确定以及外界干扰的高超声速飞行器跟踪性能问题,提出一种基于有限时间预设性能的反演控制方案.首先,为便于控制器设计,将高超声速飞行器模型划分为速度和高度子系统,针对子系统分别设计预设性能控制器以提高系统的瞬态和稳态性能;然后,通过设计一种有限时间性能函数,使得跟踪误差能够在预设时间内收敛至稳态值;接着,考虑到反演设计中虚拟指令导数难以获取以及干扰项对系统的影响,基于干扰观测器提出一种扰动估计方法,目的是在取得良好的观测扰动效果的同时,使得控制器设计流程简化、复杂度降低;最后,基于Lyapunov稳定理论证明系统的跟踪误差最终一致有界,并通过仿真验证该方法的有效性.     

非对称约束下非线性系统的有限时间控制

针对具有非对称输出约束和外界干扰的非线性不确定系统,提出了基于固定时间干扰观测器和非对称障碍函数的有限时间控制策略。首先,采用非对称障碍函数处理系统的输出约束问题,保证输出满足约束条件;其次,通过构造固定时间干扰观测器对外界干扰进行估计,且估计误差在固定时间内收敛到零;再次,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明闭环系统在有限时间内有界稳定且输出满足约束条件;最后,通过永磁同步电机的仿真实验验证了所设计的控制策略的有效性。     

基于super-twisting算法的多航天器姿态有限时间 分布式协同控制

针对受外界干扰和执行器故障影响的多航天器姿态协同控制问题,本文设计了一种基于干扰观测器的分布式协同supper-twisting滑模控制器.首先,将各航天器的外界干扰和执行器故障看作一个集总干扰,设计自适应滑模干扰观测器对其进行估计.其次,将supper-twisting算法和积分滑模面相结合,设计一种基于多航天器姿态一致性误差的分布式协同控制器,并由Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的多航天器姿态可以在有限时间内收敛到平衡点附近的邻域内.最后的仿真研究及比较结果表明,所设计的控制器可以加快系统的收敛速度,并提高系统的控制精度.     

四旋翼无人机不匹配扰动抗干扰控制

针对四旋翼无人机存在的不匹配干扰和执行器故障等现象,提出了一种基于有限时间观测器的飞行控制方案。从无人机的运动学模型出发,构建了受执行器故障和不匹配干扰影响的控制模型。将干扰观测器与非奇异终端滑模控制 (NTSMC) 方法相结合,以实现复合抗干扰和容错控制器设计。首先,设计了两个非线性有限时间扰动观测器来估计不匹配扰动和执行器故障,有限时间观测器使得估计误差在有限时间内收敛到零。其次,将观测器与NTSMC控制方法结合,以在有限的时间内实现跟踪,并有效地减少抖振。最后,从理论和仿真验证了控制方法的有效性和所期望的控制性能。     

基于干扰观测器的航天器非奇异终端二阶滑模控制

为了消除干扰力矩和结构不确定性对卫星姿态控制性能的影响,本文提出了一种基于新型干扰观测器的非奇异终端二阶滑模控制方法.首先,文章设计了一种基于跟踪微分器的干扰观测器,来对卫星系统中的不确定项进行估计,利用估计值进行补偿,并保证估计误差在有限时间内收敛.在此基础上,文章设计一个非奇异终端滑模面,当系统到达滑模面时,姿态误差可以在有限时间内收敛,并利用二阶滑模趋近律设计控制器,保证系统在有限时间到达滑模面.在干扰观测器误差未完全收敛时,滑模控制器可以对存在的扰动进一步抑制,实现姿态跟踪系统的有限时间稳定,并通过李雅普诺夫方法严格证明了其稳定性.最后,仿真结果表明,干扰估计值误差可以在有限时间内收敛,证明了该控制方法对存在的干扰是具有较好的鲁棒性.     

输出误差约束下四旋翼无人机预定性能反步控制

针对外界干扰和输出误差约束条件下的四旋翼无人机的跟踪控制问题,提出预定性能反步跟踪控制策略.首先,将四旋翼无人机动力学模型转换为带有外界干扰的严反馈形式;然后,利用反步法设计控制器,通过引入障碍Lyapunov函数保证跟踪误差的预定性能,设计干扰观测器对外界干扰进行估计,并通过滤波器估计姿态子系统中部分虚拟控制输入的导数;通过稳定性分析说明所设计的控制器可以保证跟踪误差的有界稳定性,且跟踪误差一直处于预设边界内;最后,通过仿真验证所设计控制策略的有效性.     

轮式移动机器人预定时间领导跟随一致性控制

研究了轮式移动机器人的领导跟随一致性问题,提出了预定时间一致性控制算法。首先,在有向图下,为每个跟随者提出一个分布式观测器,使其在预定时间内估计领导者状态。其次,基于观测器和构造的双幂次趋近律、非线性流形,设计了一种新的控制器,使得估计的领导者状态在预定时间内被跟踪。再次,引用了一个切换协议和一个线性流形,以确保在不引起奇异性问题的情况下,控制器在任何初始条件下均能实现预定时间的领导跟随一致性。然后,通过代数图论和李雅普诺夫理论证明系统的预定时间稳定性。最后,通过仿真对比实验验证了所提算法的有效性和优越性。相较于有限时间控制器,所提控制器收敛时间不依赖于初始状态,且收敛效果更好;相较于固定时间控制器,本文控制器收敛时间设定简单,可直接通过单一参数预先设定系统收敛时间。     

基于改进型非线性干扰观测器的爬壁机器人轨迹跟踪

针对爬壁机器人建模不准确及容易受外部扰动的影响造成位置及姿态误差的问题,提出了一种基于改进型非线性干扰观测器的轨迹跟踪控制方案.首先通过反演控制设计了一个运动学控制器为机器人动力学控制提供参考质心速度与角速度.其次应用改进型非线性扰动观测器作为前馈控制对建模误差及外部扰动进行估计,并保证扰动误差以指数形式收敛.最后针对引入干扰观测器的动力学模型设计了滑模控制器.该方案对外界干扰进行了快速补偿,并通过Lyapunov定理证明了其稳定性.仿真结果表明该控制方法对于克服建模误差及外界干扰具有较好的效果.     

新型有限时间收敛滑模扩张状态观测器研究

针对一类具有量测噪声的非线性不确定系统,设计了基于新型滑模扩张状态观测器的Terminal滑模控制方案．首先对系统进行两次状态扩张,然后设计一种新型滑模扩张状态观测器,通过采用特殊的滑模面保证观测误差在有限时间内收敛到零．在此基础上,设计Terminal滑模控制器,使系统状态也能在有限时间内收敛到零．严格的理论证明和仿真结果均证明了所设计新型滑模观测器及闭环控制方案的有效性和快速性．     

Disturbance observer-based tracking control with prescribed performance specifications for a class of nonlinear systems subject to mismatched disturbances

This work investigates simultaneous prescribed performance tracking control and mismatched disturbance rejection problems for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems. A novel control scheme combining prescribed performance control, disturbance observer technique, and backstepping method is proposed. The disturbance estimations are introduced into the design of virtual control law design in each step to compensate the mismatched disturbances. To further improve the control performance, a prescribed performance function characterizing the error convergence rate, maximum overshoot, and steady-state error is used to construct the composite controller. The proposed controller guarantees transient and steady-state performance specifications of tracking error and provides much better disturbance attenuation ability simultaneously. Rigorous stability analysis for the closed-loop system is established by direct Lyapunov function method. It is shown that all the states in the resulting closed-loop system are stable, and the tracking error evolves within the prescribed performance boundaries and asymptotically converges to zero even in the presence of mismatched external disturbances. Finally, theoretical results are illustrated and demonstrated by two simulation examples.     

Experimental Study on Advanced Underwater Robot Control

The control issue of underwater robots is very challenging due to the nonlinearity, time variance, unpredictable external disturbances, such as the sea current fluctuation, and the difficulty in accurately modeling the hydrodynamic effect. Conventional linear controllers may fail in satisfying performance requirements, especially when changes in the system and environment occur during the operation since it is almost impossible to manually retune the control parameters in water. Therefore, it is highly desirable to have an underwater robot controller capable of self-adjusting control parameters when the overall performance degrades. This paper presents the theory and experimental work of the adaptive plus disturbance observer (ADOB) controller for underwater robots, which is robust with respect to external disturbance and uncertainties in the system. This control scheme consists of disturbance observer (DOB) as the inner-loop controller and a nonregressor based adaptive controller as the outer-loop controller. The effectiveness of the ADOB was experimentally investigated by implementing three controllers: PID, PID plus DOB, and ADOB on an autonomous underwater robot, ODIN III.     

Robust dynamic surface control of flexible joint robots using recurrent neural networks

A robust neuro-adaptive controller for uncertain flexible joint robots is presented. This control scheme integrates H-infinity disturbance attenuation design and recurrent neural network adaptive control technique into the dynamic surface control framework. Two recurrent neural networks are used to adaptively learn the uncertain functions in a flexible joint robot. Then, the effects of approximation error and filter error on the tracking performance are attenuated to a prescribed level by the embedded H-infinity controller, so that the desired H-infinity tracking performance can be achieved. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Adaptive control of a constrained robot - ensuring zero trackingand zero force errors

A constrained robot is a mathematical model that describes the interaction between a robot and the environment as the robot moves along a prescribed trajectory. The main difficulty in the control of constrained robots is to ensure zero error for the constraint force in addition to accurate trajectory tracking. This study extends the result of Slotine and Li (1991) to design a simple adaptive controller for constrained robots. The proposed controller achieves both control objectives in the presence of dynamic parameter uncertainty. The overall system is proven to be globally stable in the Lyapunov sense. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method     

具有时变扰动的四旋翼无人机有限时间预定性能控制

针对外界扰动、模型不确定性以及输出误差约束情况下的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪问题,提出有限时间预定性能控制策略.首先,将无人机动力学模型解耦为姿态子系统和位置子系统;其次,引入误差转换函数和性能约束函数,通过合理设计快速终端滑模面,实现转换误差有限时间收敛,从而实现原系统输出误差约束控制;进一步,通过稳定性分析可以得出所设计的控制器能够保证系统有限时间稳定,并且具有良好的暂稳态性能;最后,通过实例仿真验证所设计方法的有效性。     

Semi-decentralized adaptive fuzzy control for cooperativemultirobot systems with H∞ motion/internal forcetracking performance

We present a semi-decentralized adaptive fuzzy control scheme for cooperative multirobot systems to achieve H(infinity) performance in motion and internal force tracking. First, we reformulate the overall system dynamics into a fully actuated system with constraints. To cope with both parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, the controller for each robot consists of two parts: 1) model-based adaptive controller; and 2) adaptive fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The model-based adaptive controller handles the nominal dynamics which results in both zero motion and internal force errors for a pure parametric uncertain system. The FLC part handles the unstructured dynamics and external disturbances. An H(infinity) tracking problem defined by a novel performance criterion is given and solved in the sequel. Hence, a robust controller satisfying the disturbance attenuation is derived being simple and singularity-free. Asymptotic convergence is obtained when the fuzzy approximation error is bounded with finite energy. Maintaining the same results, the proposed controller is further simplified for easier implementation. Finally, the numerical simulation results for two cooperative planar robots transporting an object illustrate the expected performance.     

Sliding mode disturbance observer-based backstepping control for a transport aircraft

This paper presents a novel control method by integrating the sliding mode disturbance observer- based control and the backstepping control technique, and successfully applies it to a flight control system for heavy cargo airdrop operations. The super-twisting second order sliding mode disturbance observer （SOSMDO） is employed to estimate bounded but otherwise arbitrary disturbances, thus ensuring asymptotic convergence of the estimation error to zero in a finite time. Besides, the integrated controller can significantly improve the robustness of the flight control system to modeling uncertainty and external disturbance in the presence of state/control constraints. The closed-loop stability is guaranteed in the sense of Lyapunov. In addition, the proposed approach can considerably reduce design cycles. The performance of the proposed control method is demonstrated in a very low altitude extraction airdrop simulation with a high-fidelity six-degree-of-freedom transport aircraft model.     

On-line optimal autonomous reentry guidance based on improved Gauss pseudospectral method

The on-line optimal autonomous reentry guidance of the hypersonic vehicle is proposed based on the improved Gauss pseudospectral method （IGPM）. The autonomous reentry guidance requires the hypersonic vehicle can generate the optimal trajectory for the latest flight mission on line and track the new trajectory well under the uncertainty. These two problems are simplified into a nonlinear optimal control problem with nonlinear constraints. The IGPM is introduced to solve the above two problems. The trajectory has to change according to the flight mission and therefore the new optimal trajectory can be obtained by IGPM within about 10 s. The optimal feedback guidance law is used to track the reference trajectory to handle the uncertainty. In order to deal with the CPU time delay, which comes from optimizing the new trajectory, the new on-line optimal autonomous reentry guidance is depicted. Finally, the numerical simulation shows that the proposed autonomous guidance can generate optimal trajectory for the new flight mission and have a high tracking accuracy     

Adaptive prescribed performance tracking control for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with zero dynamics

This paper focuses on the adaptive tracking control problem for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with zero dynamics via prescribed performance. Based on polynomial fitting, an adjustable performance function is firstly proposed, whose parameters can be adjusted in real time according to the tracking error. Furthermore, an adaptive prescribed performance tracking controller is constructed via the backstepping method, which guarantees that all the states in the closed‐loop system are bounded. Meanwhile, the output tracking error falls within an adjustable performance boundary and asymptotically converges to zero. Simulation comparison demonstrates the advantages of the developed controller as follows: (1) the parameters of the adjustable performance function are adjusted online according to the tracking errors for a faster convergent performance boundary; (2) the steady‐state performance of the system is further optimized simultaneously.