无线Ad Hoc网络支持QoS的研究进展与展望

无线ad hoc网络的应用环境以及与Internet的互连要求它必须提供一定的服务质量(QoS)保证,然而,无线信道固有的特点及节点移动造成网络拓扑的频繁变化,使得在无线ad hoc网络中支持QoS面临许多新的挑战.从无线ad hoc网络的QoS体系结构、QoS路由、QoS信令、支持业务区分和资源预留的介质访问控制协议这4个方面出发,对近年来国内外在该方向取得的研究成果作了全面的概括总结和比较分析,系统阐述了在无线ad hoc网络中支持QoS的问题,指出了亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向.     

移动自组织网QoS路由协议研究

该文首先分析了无线ad hoc网络的QoS体系结构、QoS信令,接着对常见的QoS路由作了简单的概括。最后对ad hoc网络的AODV协议和基于AODV的、支持Qos的Q_AODV协议做了分析和比较,仿真实验表明Q_AODV在某些性能上优于AODV。     

一种稳定的按需QoS路由协议

一个ad hoc网络是一个多跳无线网络,网络中的节点互相通信而不依赖于预先架设的固定基础设施，选路协议中的频繁的路由失败和高控制开销致使系统性能降低.本文提出了一个稳定的分布式Ad hoc路由协议，该协议支持QoS选路用于多媒体应用．     

Ad Hoc网络中基于能源节省的单向QoS路由协议

针对阿ad hoc网络中节点能源受限，隐藏终端和QoS需求等问题，提出了一种基于能源节省的单向QoS路由协议。该协议利用网络中存在的单向链路，采用QoS策略，通过在最短路由集中选取能源较多的路径承担较多传输任务以延长网络生存时间。仿真结果表明，该协议比相关路由算法具有更好的网络性能，能有效支持单向ad hoc网络中具有QoS需求的信息传输。     

Ad hoc网络多径带内信令系统的研究与实现

无线Ad hoc网络中带宽资源有限，研究如何给用户提供QoS保证很有意义。以带内信令系统INSIGNIA和多径源路由MSR为基础，提出了一种适合于Ad hoc网络的QoS保证机制，即M—INSIGNIA，并且用NS(Network Simulation)网络仿真软件设计实现了针对此机制的一个仿真实验，通过大量的实验证明M—INSIGNIA对QoS支持更有效。     

按需式ad hoc移动网络路由协议的研究进展

Ad hoc移动网络是一种完全由移动主机构成的网络，网络拓扑易变，带宽，能源有限是ad hoc移动网络的主要特点，针对这些特点，目前设计的ad hoc路由协议大多采用按需查找方式，该文介绍了这方面研究的最新进展，对几种典型的按需路由协议进行了说明，分析和综合比较，文中分析了目前协议存在的一些问题并提出了相应的改进方法，最后指出了下一步研究方向。     

基于QoS的分布式接纳控制算法

随着人们对移动自组网(ad hoc网络)研究的深入,服务质量(QoS)已经成为了当前的研究热点之一.为了在ad hoc特殊的网络中提供对QoS的支持,必须设计一种针对流的高效的接纳控制算法.通过分析无线信道的特点,提出了估算本地可用带宽和流可用带宽的方法,同时对流的带宽耗费进行了推导,解决了实现接纳控制必须解决的关键问题,提出了一种基于QoS的分布式接纳控制算法.仿真实验证明,接纳控制算法应用到传统的路由协议(比如AODV)中,性能将会大大提高,并且更适合于实时业务的传输.     

一种改进AODV的QoS路由协议

无线Ad hoc网络的应用环境要求它必须提供一定的服务质量保证（QoS）,然而,无线信道固有的特点及节点移动造成网络拓扑的频繁变化,使得在无线Ad hoc网络中支持QoS面临许多新的挑战。对Ad hoc网络原有的路由协议AODV进行了改进,使其能够满足一定的QoS要求。然后通过NS-2对其进行了仿真,并比较了改进后的AODV协议和原AODV、DSDV协议的性能。     

基于QoS无线传感器网络路由协议的研究

无线传感器网络的特性决定其主要目标是全网范围的资源有效利用,并且还要支持多种业务的差别服务。因此,许多研究工作通过研究QoS路由来解决该问题,并提出一系列QoS路由协议。介绍无线传感器网络QoS路由技术的相关概念、特点及面临的问题。然后,对当前的无线传感器网络的QoS主要路由协议进行了详细的分析。最后探讨无线传感器网络路由技术的今后的发展动态和研究方向。     

无线传感器网络QoS路由研究进展*

传统网络中的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)路由协议很难直接有效地应用到无线传感器网络中,因此人们针对无线传感器网络提出了一些新的QoS路由协议。首先探讨了无线传感器网络中QoS路由协议的一些特点,分析了设计QoS路由协议所面临的挑战;然后着重分析了当前提出的一些QoS路由协议的QoS机制、特点以及优缺点,并对这些路由协议进行了分类和比较;最后总结了QoS路由协议未来的研究策略和发展趋势。     

异构无线网络中的Ad Hoc路由及QoS分析

首先分析了纯Ad Hoc网络环境下具有QoS保证的几种典型路由协议,然后阐述了异构无线网络的体系架构以及异构网络环境下的Ad Hoc路由,包括基于节点位置信息的路由分级路由、提高网络容量的多跳中继路由、实现网络负载均衡的路由,以及跨层路由协议。最后,总结了在异构网络环境下提出的基于Ad Hoc网络多跳中继路由的负载均衡策略的研究工作,分析了仿真结果。     

A scalable multimedia QoS architecture for ad hoc networks

Communication demands have grown from separate data and voice to integrated multimedia, paving the way to converging fixed, mobile and IP networks. Supporting Multimedia is a challenging task for wireless ad hoc network designers. Multimedia forms high data rate traffic with stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Wireless ad hoc networks are characterized by frequent topology changes, unreliable wireless channel, network congestion and resource contention. Providing scalable QoS is the most important challenge for multimedia delivery over ad hoc networks. We introduce here a provisioning and routing architecture for ad hoc networks which scales well while provisioning QoS. The proposed architecture is analysed using a mix of HTTP, voice and video streaming applications over 54 Mbps 802.11 g-based ad hoc networks. The architecture is simulated and compared to well-known routing protocols using the OPNET Modeller. The results show that our architecture scales well with increase in the network size, and outperforms well-known routing protocols.     

Differentiation, QoS guarantee, and optimization for real-time traffic over one-hop ad hoc networks

Nodes having a self-centrically broadcasting nature of communication form a wireless ad hoc network. Many issues are involved to provide quality of service (QoS) for ad hoc networks, including routing, medium access, resource reservation, mobility management, etc. Previous work mostly focuses on QoS routing with an assumption that the medium access control (MAC) layer can support QoS very well. However, contention-based MAC protocols are adopted in most ad hoc networks since there is no centralized control. QoS support in contention-based MAC layer is a very challenging issue. Carefully designed distributed medium access techniques must be used as foundations for most ad hoc networks. In this paper, we study and enhance distributed medium access techniques for real-time transmissions in the IEEE 802.11 single-hop ad hoc wireless networks. In the IEEE 802.11 MAC, error control adopts positive acknowledgement and retransmission to improve transmission reliability in the wireless medium (WM). However, for real-time multimedia traffic with sensitive delay requirements, retransmitted frames may be too late to be useful due to the fact that the delay of competing the WM is unpredictable. In this paper, we address several MAC issues and QoS issues for delay-sensitive real-time traffic. First, a priority scheme is proposed to differentiate the delay sensitive real-time traffic from the best-effort traffic. In the proposed priority scheme, retransmission is not used for the real-time traffic, and a smaller backoff window size is adopted. Second, we propose several schemes to guarantee QoS requirements. The first scheme is to guarantee frame-dropping probability for the real-time traffic. The second scheme is to guarantee throughput and delay. The last scheme is to guarantee throughput, delay, and frame-dropping probability simultaneously. Finally, we propose adaptive window backoff schemes to optimize throughput with and without QoS constraints.     

An efficient bow-based on-demand QoS routing protocol for MIMO ad hoc networks

The multiple inputs multiple output (MIMO) architecture supports smart antennas and MIMO links is now a popular technique for exploiting the multi-path, spatial multiplexing, and diversity gain to provide high spectral efficiencies and performance improvement in wireless ad hoc networks. In this work, we propose a new multi-path on demand quality-of-service (QoS) routing architecture, looked like a bow and called as bow structure, in MIMO ad hoc networks. A bow-based MIMO ad hoc networks routing protocol, named as BowQR, is also proposed to support QoS requirement and to improve the transmission efficiency. Each bow structure is composed of rate-links and/or range-links on demand to provide multi-path routing and satisfy the bandwidth requirement. Two types of transmission links, the rate-link and range-link, exploit the spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity to provide extremely high spectral efficiencies and increase the transmission range. Finally, the simulation results show that our BowQR protocol achieves the performance improvements in throughput, success rate, and average latency.     

大规模移动自主网络中基于簇的QoS多路径路由

在移动自主网络中,提供服务质量支持是一个核心研究问题.大量研究表明,在移动自主网络中提供服务质量保障具有很大的挑战性.提出一个基于簇的QoS多路径路由协议(CQMRP),通过一种可扩展、灵活的方式为移动自主网络提供服务质量保证.在这个策略中,每个节点只维持局部路由信息而不是整个网络的全局状态信息.它支持多个服务质量约束.采用OPNET模拟器对协议性能进行了评估,结果表明,这个协议能够为移动自主网络提供一个可靠的多路径服务质量保证.     

Bandwidth-Constrained Routing Problem in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

The bandwidth-constrained routing problem (BCRP) asks for a route that has sufficient bandwidth for data transmission. When BCRP is defined for wired networks, it can be solved in polynomial time. On the other hand, when it is defined for wireless ad hoc networks, it is NP-complete if the underlying MAC protocol is TDMA-based or CDMA-over-TDMA-based. In this paper, we show that BCRP is still NP-complete, even if CSMA-based or contention-based CDMA MAC prot.ocols are used. Besides, we show that BCRP is polynomial-time solvable if the channel model is collision-free and the scheduling policy is FIFO. In wireless ad hoc networks, no MAC protocol was designed before, which would lead to a polynomial-time solution to BCRP. The results of this paper suggest a design for MAC protocols that can support QoS routing well.     

Performance evaluation of a mesh-evolving quality-of-service-aware multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

The tremendous amount of multimedia applications running across the wireless communication medium makes quality of service (QoS) a fundamental requirement for mobile ad hoc networks. However, it is not easy to incorporate QoS into these networks. Moreover, the growing number of group-oriented applications also necessitates the efficient utilisation of network resources. The multicast model is a promising technique which can achieve this efficiency by facilitating the inherent broadcast capability of the wireless medium. The mesh-evolving ad hoc QoS multicast (MAQM) routing protocol is developed to address the resource efficiency and QoS problems with one, integrated solution. MAQM achieves multicast efficiency by tracking the availability of resources for each node within its neighbourhood. The QoS status is monitored continuously and announced periodically to the extent of QoS provision. Using these features, MAQM nodes can make their decisions on joining a new multicast session based on the sustainability of their perceived QoS. MAQM also evolves the initial multicast tree into a mesh during the course of an ongoing session to achieve a more robust network topology. Thus, MAQM integrates the concept of QoS-awareness into multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Since ad hoc networks require the protocol control overhead to be as small as possible, we analyse the multicast session establishment process of MAQM to see its impact on the protocol performance in terms of system control overhead. We also evaluate the performance of MAQM through computer simulations using various qualitative and quantitative criteria. The simulation results validate our mathematical analysis of the control overhead and show that MAQM significantly improves multicast efficiency through its QoS-aware admission and routing decisions with an acceptably small overhead. Thus, MAQM shows that QoS is not only essential for, but also applicable to mobile ad hoc networks.