随机离散系统可靠性分析的智能体系

对于离散事件动态系统(Discrete Event Dy-namic Systems,DEDS),目前尚没有一个简明且被广泛认可的定义。本文将DEDS定义为离散事件按照一定的发生机制相互作用而导致系统状态演化的一类动态系统。具体地说,它具有3个基本特征:1)事件的发生时刻是离散的。2)系统状态的转移由离散事件触发。3)系统状态的演化规律可由离散事件的有向序列来表征。除此之外,它还具有2个分类特征:1)是否考虑事件发生时刻之间的物理时间间隔。2)是否考虑事件发生和状态转移的随机性。     

基于多层概率集的随机预测控制算法设计

考虑具有乘型不确定性的离散随机系统约束控制问题, 设计了一种基于多层概率集的随机预测控制算法. 多层概率集描述了状态在多步反馈控制律下的一系列不同概率的分布区域, 因此能够同时保证多个不同概率要求的软约束. 通过动态优化多步反馈律, 算法具有较大的可行范围. 之后设计的简化算法在降低计算负担的同时保证了算法的可行范围.     

测量数据丢失的随机不确定系统鲁棒滤波递推算法

针对一类具有测量数据丢失的不确定离散随机系统,研究了鲁棒状态估计问题,基于间断观测滤波算法和规则最小二乘优化理论,给出一种Kalman形式的递推滤波算法.对于测量数据丢失的问题,采用已知概率的Bernoulli随机序列,使得对于所有可能的测量数据丢失和所能容许的不确定性,间断观测鲁棒状态估计递推算法是稳定的.最后,通过数值仿真和对比结果验证了所提出算法的可行性.     

条件事件代数在专家系统中的应用研究

条件事件代数是在确保规则概率与条件概率相容的前提下,把布尔代数上的逻辑运算推广到条件事件（规则）集合中的逻辑代数系统,本文介绍了条件事件代数的基本原理和性质,并利用条件事件代数解决了专家系统的规则循环问题,克服了传统谓词逻辑在推理过程中的局限性。     

动态离散粒子群优化算法

为解决现实世界中动态环境下的离散事件优化问题,研究了当前已被广泛应用于动态环境或离散运算优化问题的粒子群优化算法(PSO),据此提出了一种动态离散PSO算法.该算法设计了一种环境绝对值和环境敏感性判定策略来实现动态环境的监测与响应,并通过带变异算子的离散PSO算法公式的重新定义来满足大规模离散运算需求.最后,利用离散时间系统的零状态响应求解评价了该算法的性能,结果表明,该算法在定义域内具有较好的收敛性.     

离散区间二型Tagaki-Sugeno模型时滞系统广义耗散控制设计

对带有时变时滞和外部扰动的一类离散区间二型Tagaki-Sugeno(T–S)模型非线性系统,研究了其广义耗散性能分析与状态反馈控制器的设计问题.与一型T–S模糊系统相比,区间二型模糊系统能更好地处理隶属函数中的不确定信息.首先,通过模型转换的方法,对系统的滞后状态进行变换,从而将时变时滞的不确定性从原系统中分离出.根据转换后的仅含定常时滞和具有有界误差范数的两个子系统,利用时滞依赖的李雅普诺夫-克拉索夫斯基泛函方法推导出了使系统渐近稳定并具有广义耗散性能的充分条件.接着,设计了保证闭环系统渐近稳定并具有广义耗散性能指标的状态反馈控制器.最后由数值仿真验证了设计方法的有效性.     

马尔可夫链在离散事件系统中的应用

离散事件系统是以事件驱动和状态不连续为特征的。因此,本文提出利用马尔可夫链来分析离散事件系统状态间的转移概率及稳态概率分布。     

非线性时延网络控制系统的模糊建模与控制

针对时变网络诱导时延小于一个采样周期的非线性时延网络控制系统,讨论系统的稳定性及控制器的设计方法.利用基于“IF-THEN”规则的模糊模型近似系统中的非线性,将时延的不确定性转化为系统参数的不确定性,从而将此类非线性网络控制系统建模为一类具有参数不确定性的离散Takagi-Sugeno（T-S）模糊模型.基于建立的模型,利用Lyapunov方法和线性矩阵不等式方法,分析了系统的稳定性及模糊状态反馈控制器的设计方法,最后通过仿真实例验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于条件事件代数的贝叶斯网的逻辑推理

条件事件代数理论在数据融合系统中有着重要的应用前景,该理论可用来解决不确定性、概率性和模糊性推理问题。条件事件代数是在确保规则与条件概率相容的前提下,把布尔代数上的逻辑运算推广到条件事件(规则)集合中的逻辑代数系统。对于一些特殊的贝叶斯网(如多树型网络)已经有了一些可行的概率推理的算法,但到目前为止,还没有可行的逻辑推理的算法。随着对不确定性知识研究的深入,迫切需要具有逻辑推理的算法。论文介绍了乘积空间条件事件代数的定义和基本性质,提出了基于乘积空间条件事件代数的贝叶斯网的逻辑推理的算法以及应用。     

基于有序加权平均算子的概率模糊认知图

模糊认知图(FCM)与概率模糊认知图(PFCM)使用简单的加权和集结因果推理结果,忽略了原因节点间关联关系的不确定性,阈值函数导致推理结果进一步失真.在继承FCM与PFCM优点的基础上,引入有序加权平均(OWA)算子模拟各种确定的或模糊的与或组合关系,提出了基于有序加权平均算子的概率模糊认知图(OWA-PFCM).通过构建一个动态的攻击效能评估模型,阐述了OWA-PFCM在工程建模中的应用.OWA-PFCM能同时表示因果节点状态的不确定性、因果联系强度的不确定性、与或组合关系的不确定性,具有更强的模拟能力.     

Diagnosability of fuzzy discrete event systems

In this paper, discrete event systems (DESs) are reformulated as fuzzy discrete event systems (FDESs) and fuzzy discrete event dynamical systems (FDEDSs). These frameworks include fuzzy states, events and IF-THEN rules. In these frameworks, all events occur at the same time with different membership degrees. Fuzzy states and events have been introduced to describe uncertainties that occur often in practical problems, such as fault diagnosis applications. To measure a diagnoser’s fault discrimination ability, a fuzzy diagnosability degree is proposed. If the diagnosability of the degree of the system yields one a diagnoser can be implemented to identify all possible fault types related to a system. For any degree less than one, researchers should not devote their time to distinguish all possible fault types correctly. Thus, two different diagnosability definitions FDEDS and FDES are introduced. Due to the specialized fuzzy rule-base embedded in the FDEDS, it is capable of representing a class of non-linear dynamic system. Computationally speaking, the framework of diagnosability of the FDEDS is structurally similar to the framework of diagnosability of a non-linear system. The crisp DES diagnosability has been turned into the term fuzzy diagnosability for the FDES. The newly proposed diagnosability definition allows us to define a degree of diagnosability in a class of non-linear systems. In addition, a simple fuzzy diagnosability checking method is introduced and some numerical examples are provided to illustrate this theoretical development. Finally, the potential applications of the proposed method are discussed.     

飞机座舱压力专家模糊预控方法仿真研究

针对新型战机高空高速俯冲及俯冲转平飞情况下带来的座舱压力控制难题,提出一种飞机座舱压力专家模糊PID预控方法。在飞机高速俯冲时,基于压力调节系统时间延迟及飞机高度变化率改进常规模糊PID控制策略并提高座舱压力调整速度;在飞机状态转换时,利用专家控制器根据知识库及状态转换时间预测调整模糊PID控制策略,并引入重置机制以改善调整性能。经过知识库的动态学习,得出飞机状态转换时,采用模糊PID控制、模糊预控、重置PID控制参数的专家控制策略具有最佳的控制效果的结论。通过仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Distributed fuzzy discrete event system for robotic sensory information processing

Abstract: This paper presents a novel intelligent sensory information processing technique using a fuzzy discrete event system (FDES) for robotic control. The proposed method combines the predictive control approach of a discrete event system with the approximate reasoning aspect of fuzzy logic. It develops a supervisory control strategy for behavior-based robotic control using distributed FDES. The application of distributed FDES eliminates the formation of complex fuzzy predicates and a large fuzzy rule-base. The FDES-based approach also provides means for analyzing behavior-based decision-making using the observability and controllability of an FDES. The observability of an FDES describes uncertainties in sensory data, and the controllability of an FDES exploits uncertain state transitions in a dynamic environment. Comprehensive experiments on behavior-based mobile robot navigation are presented to authenticate the performance of the proposed methodology.     

REALIZATION THEORY OF DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE UNIQUENESS AND UNIVERSALITY OF DEVS FORMALISM

Many man-made systems have discrete event nature. Many modeling formalisms for discrete-event mechanisms have invented and been used for many problems. Among those models, the DEVS formalism is to provide natural and universal models in some sense.

This paper first provides a realization theory of general discrete-event systems. That is, a behavioral definition of discrete-event system is defined, and then a state transition function of the system is constructed. Based on the realization, the uniqueness problem of representations for discrete-event systems is positively solved. Furthermore, as an application of that solution, this paper shows both the fact that a legitimate DEVS with surjective internal transition function is unique up to isomorphism in the class of state representations of the state system defined from the DEVS, and the fact that any discrete-event system has a DEVS realization. In this sense the DEVS modeling facility has the uniqueness and universality in modeling discrete event mechanisms.     

焦炉加热智能控制系统的研究与应用

焦炉是具有大时滞、强非线性、多变量耦合、变参数的复杂对象，直行温度受多种因 素的影响，采用常规的控制方法难以将直行温度控制到要求的精度范围内．焦炉生产过程既 受连续时间信号驱动，又受离散事件信号驱动，本文将焦炉及其操作过程作为一类混杂系统 ，研究并开发了焦炉加热智能控制系统．系统采用神经网络建模、多变量模糊控制、专家控 制和预测控制等多种算法，构造了切换系统模型，在北京炼焦化学厂投入生产运行后，取得 良好控制效果．该系统对提高焦炭质量，降低能耗和延长炉体使用寿命都有重要的意义．     

Possibilistic Petri nets

This paper presents the possibilistic Petri net model which combines possibility logic with Petri nets with objects. The main feature of this model is to allow one to reason about the aspects of uncertainty and change in dynamic discrete event systems. The paper presents relevant concepts of Petri nets with objects and possibility logic and how imprecision and vagueness are introduced in the marking of a Petri net with objects. The marking of a net is imprecise, or in a more general way, fuzzy, in order to represent an ill-known knowledge about a system state. A new marking updating according to the fuzzy marking such defined is also discussed. An example of shop door monitoring is presented that illustrates our approach.     

Modeling problems of hybrid event dynamic systems

This paper is aiming at discussing modeling problems of hybrid event dynamic systems, which consist of continuous, discrete and inference-decision event dynamic systems. The event is the fundamental element of all kinds of event dynamic systems mentioned above. The very important meaning of the hybrid event dynamic system is that the large scale, complex and especially comprehensive systems could be abstracted as a hybrid event dynamic system, whose concept and theory are convenient for studying and analyzing them. Therefore, this paper discusses the problems about event, continuous, discrete, inference-decision and hybrid event dynamic systems and its modeling.     

Grid automata and supervisory control of dense real-time discrete event systems

We present a generalization of the classical supervisory control theory for discrete event systems to a setting of dense real-time systems modeled by Alur and Dill timed automata. The main problem involved is that in general the state space of a timed automaton is (uncountably) infinite. The solution is to reduce the dense time transition system to an appropriate finite discrete subautomaton, the grid automaton, which contains enough information to deal with the timed supervisory control problem (TSCP). The plant and the specifications region graphs are sampled for a granularity defined in a way that each state has an outgoing transition labeled with the same time amount. We redefine the controllability concept in the context of grid automata, and we provide necessary and sufficient solvability conditions under which the optimal solution to centralized supervisory control problems in timed discrete event systems under full observation can be obtained. The enhanced setting admits subsystem composition and the concept of forcible event. A simple example illustrates how the new method can be used to solve the TSCP.     

离散事件动态系统状态空间秒速的进一步研究*

本文对离散事件动态系统的状态空间描述问题作了进一步的研究。指出了原有结果的错误和不足,讨论了既有串行阻塞又有并行阻塞的复杂阻塞现象,建立了适用于一般系统的状态方程。