先进绝热压缩空气储能电站日前电力市场主从博弈竞标策略

先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA–CAES)是支撑电力系统削峰填谷、阻塞管理及可再生能源消纳的有效手段之一.在储能产业商业化初期,研究面向日前电力市场的竞标策略对实现AA–CAES电站的经济运行大有裨益.本文在计及压力动态的AA–CAES运行模型基础上,采用主从博弈研究了AA–CAES电站竞标策略.作为主从博弈Leader,AA–CAES电站运营商向日前电力市场上报竞标标的(储能功率、发电功率、储能电价及发电电价);作为主从博弈Follower,市场交易机构以最大化社会福利出清电力市场.为高效求解主从博弈竞标模型,采用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)最优性条件及布尔展开法将双层主从博弈竞标模型转化为单层混合整数线性规划.IEEE–24节点测试系统算例表明,AA–CAES电站可利用低谷电进行充电,在高峰时刻再以高价售出,实现套利运行.基于主从博弈的日前电力市场竞标策略,可支撑AA–CAES电站的经济运行.     

考虑节点边际价格的热电联产机组主从博弈竞价策略

本文构建了以热电联产机组(combined heat and power unit,CHP)、电力市场和热力市场为参与者的主从博弈模型,并基于电力市场中节点边际电价(locational marginal electricity price,LMEP)的概念,提出了节点边际热价(locational marginal heat price,LMHP)的概念.在节点边际电价的求解中,采用了支路潮流(branch power flow,BPF)模型,考虑了配电网中的网络损耗从而可以得到更精确的计算结果.在节点边际热价的求解中,考虑了管道热损耗,并基于管道损耗方程分析了节点边际热价的分布规律.在此基础上,采用变步长迭代寻优算法求解热电联产机组、电力市场、热力市场各自最优出力和最优报价策略.最后,通过一个6节点电网–4节点热网的算例对所构建的主从博弈模型及热电联产机组的竞价策略进行了验证.     

非光滑聚合博弈纳什均衡的分布式连续时间算法

本文研究多智能体聚合博弈的分布式算法设计.其中,个体的成本函数具有非光滑性.提出一个连续时间分布式算法,使得每个个体仅利用本地数据及局部的信息交互就能达到纳什均衡.利用李雅普诺夫方法,证明了算法的收敛性.在此基础上,进一步研究了带有耦合不等式约束博弈的广义纳什均衡求解.仿真结果验证了方法的有效性.     

基于序贯博弈的Ad Hoc网络功率控制算法

针对分布式拓扑结构的Ad Hoc网络,将用户处于异步竞争方式下的功率控制问题抽象为动态博弈模型,通过多步迭代的逆向归纳法,逐步分析了两用户组及多用户组下的序贯博弈过程。并提出一种分布式的功率控制博弈算法,有效求解了用户发射功率的均衡策略,来优化用户之间的并发传输能力,提高频谱效率。仿真实验表明,建立基于序贯博弈的功率控制过程,能够有效地减轻用户之间的干扰影响,提升用户接收信干噪比质量,从而改善了系统吞吐率性能收益。     

分布式一致性算法Yac

传统静态拓扑主从模型分布式一致性算法存在严重负载不均及单点性能瓶颈效应,且崩溃节点大于集群规模的50%时算法无法正常工作。针对上述问题,提出基于动态拓扑及有限表决思想的分布式一致性算法（Yac）。算法动态生成参与一致性表决的成员子集及Leader节点并时分迁移,形成统计负载均衡;去除要求全体多数派成员参与表决的强约束,使算法具备更高的失效容忍性;并通过日志链机制重新建立算法安全性约束,同时证明了算法的正确性。实验结果表明,改进算法的单点负载集中效应显著低于主流静态拓扑主从模型分布式一致性算法Zookeeper;改进算法失效容忍性优于Zookeeper,且最坏情况下与Zookeeper算法保持持平;同等集群规模下,改进算法比Zookeeper拥有更高吞吐量上限。     

基于蚁群算法的动态用户均衡配流

在路网中,为了使用户的出行时间降到最低,提出一个适用于多OD对的路网的动态用户均衡离散模型,并应用蚁群算法求解动态用户均衡问题.通过设计一个算例,利用仿真得出路网中的流量分配数据,并和二次规划Frank-Wolfe算法求解的流量分配数据进行比较,最后得出蚁群算法在求解动态交通用户均衡问题时具有一定的优势.     

不同政府目标决策下具有奖惩机制的绿色供应链模型

考虑由一个制造商主导和一个零售商跟随的绿色供应链,产品销售量受价格及节能水平影响.运用Stackelberg博弈理论分别构建无奖惩机制和3种有奖惩机制的博弈模型,得到4种情形下的零售价、批发价、产品需求量、节能水平、政府节能奖惩力度及制造商和零售商利润的均衡解.通过比较分析发现:政府的节能奖惩机制不仅能提高产品节能水平,还可以提升全社会福利水平;政府综合考虑企业收益、消费者福利和环保效益的奖惩机制效果最优;奖惩力度与产品市场规模、环境效益系数和节能水平敏感系数正相关,与制造商节能成本投入系数、政府奖惩机制的成本投入系数、制造商单位生产成本和零售商单位销售成本负相关.最后运用数值分析验证模型的有效性.     

OFDMA认知无线电网络中面向功率控制的频谱定价与分配

针对OFDMA认知无线电网络,提出一种基于Stackelberg博弈的频谱定价和分配模型.对于次基站控制次网络传输功率来保护主网络通信的场景,主基站可通过该模型获得最优的频谱定价方案.从功率控制的角度,重新设计次用户的效用函数,运用Stackelberg博弈对单个主基站和多个次用户在频谱租赁市场中的交易行为进行建模.通过逆向归纳法,求解市场均衡下的最优频谱定价,使得主基站在考虑主网络QoS降级的同时获得最大收益.此外,对于主基站只能获取本地信息的情形,提出了基于动态Stackelberg博弈的分布式频谱定价和分配模型.仿真实验表明,该模型能够在控制次网络传输功率的基础上,提供最优频谱定价和频谱分配方案.     

认知无线电中基于博弈论的频谱分配算法*

利用博弈论分析了认知无线电网络中动态频谱分配问题,构建了基于博弈论的认知无线电频谱分配问题模型,提出了基于潜在博弈论的分布式频谱分配算法,并得到了相应博弈过程的纳什均衡。仿真结果表明,该算法能在较短时间内收敛到稳定状态,潜在函数取值达到最大值、系统总干扰水平降到最小、用户的SIR水平得到明显改善,达到了潜在博弈下信道分配的纳什均衡,实现了提高频谱利用率的目的。     

基于Stackelberg博弈论的Multi—Homing负载均衡研究

阐述了Stackelberg博弈的基本理论和模型,并将其应用于多主接入网络的负栽均衡问题中,给出了一种基于Stackelberg博弈理论的多主接入网络带宽分配模型.考虑网络和用户之间的供需平衡,采用线性和非线性价格方案,给出了更加合理的带宽分配策略.仿真结果证明了算法是有效的,Stackelberg博弈模型能够合理有效地利用带宽资源,实现了负载均衡.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate