基于相邻矩阵快速构建虚拟主干网的近似算法

在无线Ad-hoc网络中,基于极小连通支配集的虚拟主干网技术对资源分配和路由优化具有重要的作用。首先证明了相邻矩阵理论的一个有关结论,然后利用此结论以及极大独立集和极小支配集的关系,提出了一种基于相邻矩阵快速构建无线Ad-hoc网络最小连通支配集的近似算法,并给出了算法的正确性证明、复杂性分析和近似比分析。仿真试验结果表明,利用该算法可以快速高效地构建Ad-hoc网络的虚拟主干网。     

无线传感器网络(k,m)-容错连通支配集的分布式构建

采用连通支配集作为虚拟骨干可以延长无线传感器网络的生命时间,但是考虑到节点容易失效,虚拟骨干还需要具有一定的容错性。对此,针对任意k和m取值,提出了一种完全分布式的k-连通m-支配集构建算法,其中k-连通保证了网络中支配节点之间的容错性,m-支配则保证了普通节点与支配节点之间的容错性。该算法可以在异构网络中进行扩展,首先构建连通支配集,然后采用最大独立集和贪心的思想将普通节点进行m-支配,最后在局部拓扑中通过公共邻居节点将连通支配集扩展为k-连通。仿真实验证实,该算法可以通过较低的通信开销获得规模较优的k-连通m-支配集。     

无线传感器网络中d-Hop 2-连通容错支配集的分布式构造算法

无线传感器网络随节点移动组成自我维持的自组织系统,采用连通支配集的虚拟骨干技术可使平面网络系统层次化而简化节点路由、管理和维护。但大规模无线传感器网络的连通支配集节点数目依然庞大,d-hop连通支配集可以大大减小支配集节点数目。另外,由于存在节点失效、链路断裂等无线特性,虚拟骨干网需要具备一定的容错性。在单位圆盘图网络模型中为构建精简且具有容错能力的虚拟骨干网,提出d-hop 2-连通支配集的分布式构造算法,先构造d-hop独立支配集后再连通形成d-hop 2-连通支配集。并从理论和仿真上对算法的复杂度、近似比和算法性能作了进一步探讨和验证。     

传感器网络中高效的最小连通支配集求解算法

在无线传感器网络中,连通支配集被广泛应用于构建虚拟主干。由于求解最小连通支配集是一个NP难问题,许多近似算法被提出用于构建可用的最小连通支配集。针对当前近似算法存在的不足,我们提出了一个新的分布式近似构造算法—CDS-HG,该算法用层次图对无线传感器网络进行建模,算法用基于竞争的贪心策略从每一层选出最少的节点去支配下一层的所有节点。理论分析和模拟结果表明,CDS-HG算法产生的连通支配集是目前最小,并且其消息复杂度也是目前最低的。     

2-连通2-支配集的集中式构造

在无线传感器网络中,通常采用连通支配集来构成一个虚拟骨干网进行分层路由,对重要的目标或环境需要构造容错性高,可靠性好的虚拟骨干网。提出构造网络2-连通2-支配集的两种集中式算法,分别是先回路后支配和先支配后回路。前一种算法是先形成一个由支配点组成的回路,然后以此回路为基础不断地扩充此回路,直到不在回路中的节点为2-被支配为止;后一种算法是首先保证每个非支配点都要变成2-被支配点,然后再使图中所有支配点构成回路。     

无线传感器网络的3连通多跳控制集

无线传感器网络的一个虚拟骨干是一个节点子集,虚拟骨干中的节点负责相关的路由任务。设计的虚拟骨干越小,网络的相关开销就越少,虚拟骨干的大小是衡量虚拟骨干质量的关键因素。通常,单位圆盘图被用来模拟一个无线传感器网络。在无线传感器网络中寻找最小虚拟骨干问题可以抽象为求单位圆盘图中的最小连通控制集问题。然而,求单位圆盘图中的最小连通控制集问题是NP难问题,许多工作都是致力于寻找最小连通控制集的近似算法。无线传感器网络中构造3连通多跳控制集可以有效地减小连通控制集的大小和节点间转发的信息总数,是寻找最小虚拟骨干的有效近似。为此提出了一个无线传感器网络中构造3连通多跳控制集的算法,获◢得一个大小不超过5（2r+2β+1）（r+1）β|U*△|-10（2+β）（r+1）-5r-12的3连通多跳控制集。最后通过仿◣真实验对提出的算法性能作了相应分析,实验结果符合算法的预期效果。     

一种新型的Ad Hoc网络虚拟主干网构造技术

基于连通支配集算法的虚拟主干网技术对于无线自组网的路由优化、能量保护和资源分配都具有重要的作用。本文对现存基于连通支配集算法的提出背景和应用环境作了简单介绍,由于在无线自组网中搜索主干节点和群首类似于图论中的最小连通支配集和最小支配集问题的求解,在此基础上提出了一种性能较好的虚拟主干网的构造技术--基于图着色思想提出的一种极小连通支配集的构造算法,并从理论上证明了该算法的正确性和高效性,通过分析,算法的时间和消息复杂度明显优于其他已知算法。     

面向节能和容错的异构WSNs数据收集算法

采用连通支配集作为虚拟骨干可以延长无线传感器网络的生命时间,但是考虑节点容易失效的特性,网络还需要具有一定的容错性。针对k-连通m-支配集的容错方法能耗过大的问题,提出了一种面向节能和容错的分布式数据收集算法。算法首先构建连通支配集,然后选择容错度大的节点作为备份节点,最后在数据收集过程对支配节点的能耗进行均衡。理论分析和仿真实验证实算法不仅以较小的时间和消息开销构建规模较优的连通支配集,而且还保证了容错性并最终延长了网络的生命时间。     

无线传感器网络中2-连通k-支配的容错连通支配集构造

无线传感器网络可采用连通支配集的虚拟骨干技术使平面网络层次化,但传感器节点的失效和链路的断裂会导致网络失败,虚拟骨干网最好具有容错性好、可靠性高的特性.对此,提出具有容错性的2-连通 -支配集的构造算法,以节点自身和邻域信息分布式地构造 -支配节点,利用最小生成树和块-割点图将 -支配节点2-连通.理论分析和实验仿真表明此算法具有较好的算法性能比,在中等规模网络中会产生更少的具有容错性的 -支配节点,可节省传感器节点的能量消耗和网络的通信开销.     

能量均衡的最小2-连通2-支配集的分布式算法

在无线传感器网络中,一般通过构造连通支配集形成虚拟骨干网来分层路由。现有算法通常只考虑如何获得规模较小的支配集,忽略网络自身的不稳定性,使得节点失效或链路失败经常发生。针对连通支配集的容错能力,结合节点度与能量因素,提出一种能量均衡的最小2-连通2-支配集的分布式算法（DA-EBM）。 Omnet仿真实验表明, DA-EBM算法构造的容错连通支配集能有效均衡能量消耗,延长网络生命周期。     

能量均衡的最小连通支配集分布式算法

在无线传感器网络路由协议中,最小连通支配集构成的虚拟骨干网是缓解广播风暴的有效方法。现有算法在构造连通支配集时,通常只考虑支配集的规模,虽然获得了较小的支配集,但也造成虚拟骨干网生命周期较短等问题。为了有效解决该问题,提出了一种能量均衡的最小连通支配集分布式算法(EB-MCDS)。仿真实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,EB-MCDS算法有效的均衡了网络能量,延长了网络生命周期20%左右。     

Connected dominating sets in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks – A comprehensive survey

Topology control is a fundamental issue in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Due to intrinsic characteristic of flatness, hierarchical topology can achieve the scalability and efficiency of a wireless network. To solve this problem, one can construct a virtual backbone network by using a connected dominating (CDS) set of a wireless network. In past few years, efficiently and fast construct a CDS in a wireless network as a virtual backbone has been the main research problem in hierarchical topology control. In this paper, we give a comprehensive survey for CDSs and related problems with various network models and specific applications. To conclude, some open problems and interesting issues in this field are proposed.     

Probabilistic analysis of upper bounds for 2-connected distance -dominating sets in graphs

A small virtual backbone which is modeled as the minimum connected dominating set (CDS) problem has been proposed to alleviate the broadcasting storm for efficiency in wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper, we consider a general fault tolerant CDS problem, called an h-connected distance k-dominating set (HCKDS) to balance high efficiency and fault tolerance, and study the upper bound for HCKDS with a probabilistic method for small h and improve the current best results.     

Efficient distributed low-cost backbone formation for wireless networks

Backbone has been used extensively in various aspects (e.g., routing, route maintenance, broadcast, scheduling) for wireless ad hoc or sensor networks recently. Previous methods are mostly designed to minimize the size of the backbone. However, in many applications, it is desirable to construct a backbone with small cost when each wireless node has a cost of being in the backbone. In this paper, we first show that previous methods specifically designed to minimize the backbone size may produce a backbone with large cost. Then, an efficient distributed method to construct a weighted backbone with low cost is proposed. We prove that the total cost of the constructed backbone is within a small constant factor of the optimum for homogeneous networks when either the nodes' costs are smooth (i.e., the maximum ratio of costs of adjacent nodes is bounded) or the network maximum node degree is bounded. We also show that, with a small modification, the backbone is efficient for unicast: the total cost (or hop) of the least cost (or hop) path connecting any two nodes using backbone is no more than three (or four) times the least cost (or hop) path in the original communication graph. Our theoretical. results are corroborated by our simulation studies. Finally, we discuss several possible ad hoc network applications of our proposed backbone formation algorithms.     

无线ad hoc网络中定向连通控制集的局部构造算法

在无线ad hoc网络中采用定向天线模型寻找定向连通控制集（DCDS）是构造虚拟骨干网的有效方法。由于求解最小DCDS问题是NPC的。提出了一种在无线ad hoc网络中构造DCDS的局部启发式算法。该算法同时选择转发节点和转发边,极大地减少了时间开销,时间和信息复杂度分别为O（1）和O（n）。理论分析和仿真实验都证明该算法具有良好的性能。     

HyMN-injection-based multimedia content distribution in hybrid wireless networks

Infrastructured networks typically employ centralized approaches for group management and information provisioning. In contrast to that, in multi-hop ad hoc networks each node acts as a router as well as sender and receiver. In pure ad hoc networks, no Internet access is available. An additional challenge is to deal with mobility that causes network partitioning and re-organizations. Technically, these problems can be tackled by providing additional uplinks to a backbone network. Those can be used to access resources in the Internet as well as to inter-link multiple ad hoc network partitions, creating a hybrid wireless network. In this paper, we present HyMN, a prototypically implemented hybrid wireless network system optimized for multimedia content providing. Within the ad hoc network, adequate devices are elected to maintain uplinks to a backbone, which can provide for instance multimedia news from certain sports events like Football Championships, Olympic Games and alike. In order to efficiently manage the ad hoc communicating devices, a weighted clustering algorithm is employed. Based on an article presented at the 2nd ACM Workshop on Wireless Multimedia Networking and Performance Modeling, WMuNeP 2006, Torremolinos, Málaga, Spain, October 2006.     

一个新的分布式最小连通支配集近似算法

在计算机网络中广泛使用广播来解决一些网络问题,设计有效的广播算法是一项重要的课题。文中提出一种分布地计算网络最小连通支配集的近似算法并给出了它的正确性证明。它只需要网络节点具有局部的网络状态信息,可伸缩性强。通过此算法可以在网络中自动形成一个虚拟骨干网,从而可为网络中的广播和路由操作提供一个有效的通信基础。模拟结果表明,文中提出的算法求得的连通支配集小,能较好地应用于一般网络以及移动自组网络中。