无线Mesh网络联合信道分配和路由协议研究

设计合理的联合信道分配和路由协议对多信道无线Mesh网络的性能至关重要。在分析多网卡多信道无线Mesh网络中联合信道分配和路由协议特点和研究现状的基础上,提出了一种与按需路由协议结合的联合信道分配算法,通过选择最小干扰信道来优化信道分配;同时采用了一种适应多信道多网卡网络的路由判据方法,该方法考虑了信道干扰、接口切换以及路径跳数三个关键因素。仿真结果表明,文中所采用的协议能较为明显地提高网络吞吐量及减小分组的端到端时延。     

高速网络多模式相似数据串隔离式传输仿真

针对传统数据串隔离式传输方法模式单一,数据串相似度不高的问题,为有效提升数据传输成功率以及网络吞吐量,提出了高速网络多模式相似数据串隔离式传输方法.评估不同链路信道上相似节点的可用性,判断链路相互干扰情况,利用信道干扰电平的路由指标函数,计算相似节点链路的网络干扰电平,组建高速网络多模式干扰无向图.在多模式干扰无向图中,结合路由协议计算随机选取两个相似节点的路由平均抗干扰程度,选取干扰程度相对较小的路径,实现高速网络多模式相似数据串隔离式传输.仿真结果表明,相比其它方法,所提方法能够有效降低数据传输延迟,提升网络吞吐量以及数据传输成功率,获取较为理想的数据传输效果.     

时延受限且能量高效的无线传感网络跨层路由

如何通过网络的多跳中继把传感器节点收集的信息快速、高效地传输至基站,是无线传感器网络的基本问题.研究发现,MAC(media access control)层的睡眠调度和无线信道的不规则性均会对路由协议的效率产生较大影响.虽然传统分层设计的网络协议有着模块化的优点,但各层之间的相互独立却导致网络的整体性能不能达到最优.此外,已有协议通常采用牺牲时延以提高能量效率的方法,会给时延敏感系统带来不能容忍的端到端时延.提出一种时延受限且能量高效的跨层路由协议(delay-constrained and energy-efficient cross-layer routing,简称DECR),该协议在做出路由决定时考虑MAC层以及链路层的相关信息,其目标是在将端到端时延控制到低于预定上界的前提下最优化节点的能量效率.理论分析和实验结果表明,所提出的跨层路由协议具有较好的性能.     

无线Mesh网络中基于信道流量干扰感知的路由协议*

为了更精确地捕捉流量干扰、提高网络容量与实时性,针对多接口无线Mesh网络,提出了一种新的基于信道流量干扰的路由准则,该准则不仅能更精确地捕获两跳内的负载干扰,而且还集成了传输时延、丢包率和传输速率等因素.基于新准则,还提出了一种新的无线Mesh网络路由协议,该协议使用新准则选择路由.仿真结果表明,新协议相比AODV协...     

一种无线传感器网络以数据为中心的QoS路由协议

提出一种以数据为中心的QoS路由协议(DDQP).DDQP支持两种QoS度量:可靠性和传输延迟;采用交叉层优化技术将传感器网络无线信道通信模型作为路由协议设计的依据,有效的节约了网络能源消耗;采用反压力重新路由机制在满足业务QoS的前提下尽可能均匀使用网络中节点的能源,不仅延长了网络生命期,而且有效的控制网络拥塞;采用以数据为中心的数据分发模式,具有良好的可扩展性.描述了DDQP设计的理论依据,并通过仿真实验验证了DDQP的高效可行性.     

无线Mesh网络路由协议的研究进展

在简要介绍无线Mesh网络特性的基础之上,对路由协议中若干关键技术的研究状况进行了总结和综述,重点讨论面向无线Mesh网络的路由度量的设计思路、多信道多无线接口环境下节点的自适应信道分配策略以及结合无线介质的广播特性的寻路算法的分析.详细讨论了上述因素对于路由协议性能的具体影响,深入分析了当前研究的优缺点.同时,鉴于无线链路上传输的不可靠和高误码率,详细介绍了跨层协议设计的相关内容.     

多信道无线Mesh网络路由机制

在无线Mesh网络中,采用合理设计路由度量来优化网络性能是一种常用的方法.本文对已有的典型路由度量进行分析讨论,比较全面的给出了设计无线Mesh网路路由度量应该考虑的重要因素.基于多信道无线Mesh网络的特点,本文提出一个多信道无线Mesh网络路由度量CLIDH,并在此基础上提出一个跨层多信道路由协议CMAODV.仿真结果表明,和已有的路由度量相比较,CLIDH能够充分利用网络资源,使网络性能得到明显改善.     

认知无线Ad Hoc网络干扰约束和能量高效路由算法

为了减少认知无线Ad Hoc网络的传输中断概率,实现频谱和能量高效,提出一种干扰约束和能量高效（Interference Constraints and Energy-Efficient,ICEE）的路由算法。信道检测除了基于认知节点（Cognitive Radio,CR）对主用户（Primary Users,PU）的干扰约束外,还增加了CR节点的数据传输所需持续时间约束,以保证CR节点在有效利用空闲信道的同时减少传输中断事件的发生,减少故障重传所损耗的能量。在设计路由算法时采用了链路能耗和节点寿命作为度量,通过联合最优的链路选择方程实现网络能量高效,并延长网络的生命周期。实验仿真结果表明,相比较认知Ad hoc网络的自适应路由协议,基于联合信道分配和自适应功率控制的路由协议,ICEE算法在数据包平均能耗上分别减少了41.2%和24.5%,并且有效地延长了网络生命周期。     

车联网建模和统计性质分析及其路由策略综述

利用复杂网络理论和方法对通信网络进行建模、分析网络演化过程中的统计性质,进而指导路由策略优化,已经成为热点领域。分析了车联网建模、车联网统计性质分析、车联网路由策略优化,以及车联网路由协议设计等方面的研究现状,并提出从三个方面进行改进,分别是:采用有向加权图来描述车联网的拓扑结构;从车联网与移动自组织网络的统计性质差异入手,寻找影响车联网传输能力的关键统计性质;利用复杂网络,研究基于多输入多输出技术的多径路由(即同时利用多个信道、多条路径传输)优化策略。     

基于跨层设计的CLRM-HWMP路由协议研究

在研究HWMP路由协议的基础上引入跨层设计方法,综合考虑数据链路层的数据帧传输成功率DFTE(Data Frame Transmission Efficiency)、网络层的可用带宽和节点跳数作为跨层路由度量值CLRM(Cross-Layer Routing Metric),提出一种综合路由判据的跨层路由协议CLRM-HWMP路由协议.该协议有效解决单一的路由量度判据在提高无线Mesh网络性能方面的局限问题.通过NS-3仿真工具对无线Mesh网络中的HWMP路由协议和提出的CLRM-HWMP跨层路由协议进行分析对比,实验结果表明:提出的CLRM-HWMP路由协议有效降低了节点间端到端时延、提高了数据包投递成功率和网络吞吐量.     

MANET中一种基于多信道的按需路由及其仿真

在移动自组织（Ad hoe）网络多信道环境下，现有路由协议不能充分利用多信道的特点。针对多信道Ad hoe网提出一种新路由协议，使节点对间能互不影响的并发传送数据。以提高网络容量。简单介绍了现有的按需距离矢量路由协议（AODV）及信道分配原理，对此路由协议进行微小修改，通过增加信道索引表项，动态交互信道信息等机制，提出一种多信道按需路由协议AODV—MC，并与现有的按需路由协议进行了相关的对比仿真实验。仿真结果说明。AODV—MC相对其他按需路由协议能更好的适应多信道环境，在网络开销增加极小的情况下。明显地减少了丢包率，提高了网络吞吐量。     

无线Mesh网络中的路由分析与设计

由于无线Mesh网络拓扑结构的动态变化以及无线信道的不稳定性,如何设计无线Mesh网络的路由协议成为决定其性能的关键因素之一。文中主要研究与分析了Mesh网络现有的几种典型的三层路由协议（DSDV和AODV）,并针对三层路由的Qos较大受限于网络拓扑结构变化的缺陷与不足,提出了一种基于二层路由的网络模型,将数据包的转发以及通信链路的建立和维护放到Mac层完成。模拟仿真测试表明,二层路由对数据包转发的效率有较大的改进,同时也有效地减少了路由开销和端到端的时延。     

多跳无线移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议的研究分析

无线移动Ad Hoe网络(MANET)作为可移动分布式多跳无线网络，没有预先确定的网络拓扑或网络基础设施以及集中控制．为了在如此的网络中促进通信，路由协议主要用于在节点之间发现路径．Ad Hoe网络路由协议的主要目的是网络拓扑的动态变化、任意两个节点之间建立一个使得通信总费用和带宽消费最少的正确和有效的通信路径．描述了设计移动Ad Hoe网络路由协议所面临的问题以及对它们的评价，详细比较了七种典型无线移动AdHoe网络路由协议的特性和功能，即DSDV，CGSR，WRP，AODV，DSR，TORA和ABR，为进一步的研究提出了新的课题．     

On a Self-Organizing Multipath Routing Protocol in Mobile Wireless Networks

In this paper, we present a self-organizing multipath (SOMP) routing protocol aiming at enhancing success rates of delivery of data packets end-to-end, restricting the routing overhead, and being robust to unstable network conditions. In this SOMP protocol, each mobile host sets up multiple beacons at other hosts to indicate routes to reach it. A beacon is an ordered list of mobile hosts along a path going from the host which holds the beacon, to the host which sets up the beacon. Two functionalities are used for routing data packets to their destinations. The first functionality is a beacon-seeking mechanism, which helps data packets to obtain beacons leading to the destinations of the data packets. The second functionality is a source routing mechanism, which is similar to the one used in Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol and is used to forward data packets to their destinations using the beacons obtained. A balanced binary search tree is used in the SOMP protocol as the embedded forwarding structure, which is built on the identifiers of mobile hosts. This search tree serves for both distributing beacon updates and routing data packets to obtain beacons. The actual routes taken by data packets are jointly determined by the embedded forwarding structure and the underlying network connectivity.     

无人机自组网中基于Q-learning算法的及时稳定路由策略

无人机自组网凭借其抗干扰能力强、适用于复杂地形、智能化程度高和成本较低的优点,近年来受到广泛关注,该网络中路由协议的设计与优化一直是核心研究问题。针对无人机自组网中因节点快速移动造成节点本地存储的路由未及时更新而失效的问题,提出一种基于Q-learning算法的动态感知优化链路状态路由协议(DSQ-OLSR)。该协议首先充分考虑了无人机自组网节点高速移动的特点,在选取多点中继(MPR)节点时添加了链路稳定性和链路存在时间这两个指标,使得选出的MPR节点集更稳定、合理;其次,结合Q-learning算法对TC消息的发送间隔进行自适应调整,使得在网络拓扑变动较小时增大TC发送间隔以减小控制开销,而在拓扑变动较大时减小TC发送间隔用于达到快速感知并构建网络拓扑的要求,进而实现数据的及时路由。仿真结果表明,与DT-OLSR协议相比,该协议在端到端时延、吞吐量、成功率和网络生存时间性能上分别提高了12.61%、9.28%、7.69%和5.86%,由此验证了其有效性。     

自组网环境下基于QoS的路由协议

自组网是一组带有无线收发装置的移动节点组成的一个多跳的临时性的自治系统。在这种环境中,由于节点无线通信覆盖范围的有限性,需要借助其它中间节点进行分组转发到达信宿。常规路由协议在自组网环境无法有效地正常运行。文中首先描述了自组网的概念和特点,在此基础上提出了自组网环境下的基于QoS的路由协议。该路由协议的主要思想是根据无线链路两个重要指标：平均错误分组率和生存时间进行路由发现、选择和维护。相对于跳数而言,它们向用户提供了最有可能满足特定QoS需求的信息流的传输。     

A protocol synthesis method for fault-tolerant multipath routing

This paper proposes a new synthesis method for generating fault-tolerant multipath routing protocols. The protocol is defined as fault-tolerant if messages can be rerouted by using another path when a communication channel fails. The routing protocols obtained adopt a multipath routing function, augmented with routing table, where each table stores the next nodes for multipath routing, and updates the tables according to the network topology changes. Additionally, the routing protocol can attain flexibility by the multipath routing mechanism in the sense that only a small amount of change is needed for the change of network topology. We also briefly describe an extension of the proposed method for generating multicast routing protocols.     

An efficient joint channel assignment and QoS routing protocol for IEEE 802.11 multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks

With the emerging of video, voice over IP (VoIP) and other real-time multimedia services, more and more people pay attention to quality of service (QoS) issues in terms of the bandwidth, delay and jitter, etc. As one effective way of broadband wireless access, it has become imperative for wireless mesh networks (WMNs) to provide QoS guarantee. Existing works mostly modify QoS architecture dedicated for ad hoc or sensor networks, and focus on single radio and single channel case. Meanwhile, they study the QoS routing or MAC protocol from view of isolated layer. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-layer QoS-aware routing protocol on OLSR (CLQ-OLSR) to support real-time multimedia communication by efficiently exploiting multi-radio and multi-channel method. By constructing multi-layer virtual logical mapping over physical topology, we implement two sets of routing mechanisms, physical modified OLSR protocol (M-OLSR) and logical routing, to accommodate network traffic. The proposed CLQ-OLSR is based on a distributed bandwidth estimation scheme, implemented at each node for estimating the available bandwidth on each associated channel. By piggybacking the bandwidth information in HELLO and topology control (TC) messages, each node disseminates information of topology and available bandwidth to other nodes in the whole network in an efficient way. From topology and bandwidth information, the optimized path can be identified. Finally, we conduct extensive simulation to verify the performance of CLQ-OLSR in different scenarios on QualNet platform. The results demonstrate that our proposed CLQ-OLSR outperforms single radio OLSR, multi-radio OLSR and OLSR with differentiated services (DiffServ) in terms of network aggregate throughput, end-to-end packet delivery ratio, delay and delay jitter with reasonable message overheads and hardware costs. In particular, the network aggregate throughput for CLQ-OLSR can almost be improved by 300% compared with the single radio case.     

Intelligent multicast routing for multimedia over cognitive radio networks: a probabilistic approach

Cognitive radio (CR) technology has been demonstrated as one of the key technologies that can provide the needed spectrum bands for supporting the emerging spectrum-hungry multimedia applications and services in next-generation wireless networks. Multicast routing technique plays a significant role in most of wireless networks that require multimedia data dissemination to a group of destinations through single-hop or multi-hop communication. Performing multimedia multicasting over CR networks can significantly improve the quality of multimedia transmissions by effectively exploiting the available spectrum, reducing network traffic and minimizing communication cost. An important challenge in this domain is how to perform a multi-cast transmissions over multiple hops in a dynamically varying CR environment while maintaining high-quality received video streaming to all multi-case CR receivers without affecting the performance of legacy primary radio networks (PRNs). In this paper, we investigate the problem of multicast multimedia streaming in multi-hop CR networks (CRNs). Specifically, we propose an intelligent multicast routing protocol for multi-hop ad hoc CRNs that can effectively support multimedia streaming. The proposed protocol consists of path selection and channel assignment phases for the different multi-cast receivers. It is based on the shortest path tree (SPT) that implements the expected transmission count metric (ETX). The channel selection is based on the ETX, which is a function of the probability of success (POS) over the different channels that depends on the channel-quality and availability. Simulation results verify the significant improvement achieved by the proposed protocol compared to other existing multicast routing protocols under different network conditions.

     

Multi-Radio Multi-Channel无线传感器网络中信道分配和路由策略

针对无线传感器网络中传输时延长、传输冲突大和吞吐量低等问题,提出了一种在Multi-Radio Multi-Channel无线传感器网络中信道分配和路由策略.该策略动态地建立k元n立方体拓扑结构,使用优化的静态信道分配算法提高节点的吞吐量,使用维序寻径的路由算法减少传输冲突.该方法适用于网络节点稠密、节点相互之间通信冲突大的情况,并且在单跳和多跳的网络环境下均适用.实验结果表明,基于k元n立方体这一拓扑结构的信道分配和路由策略与传统方法相比,有效地减少了端到端时延,降低了网络冲突,减少了节点能量消耗,延长了网络寿命,提高了网络吞吐量.