面向信息服务的网格资源管理器的设计

设计一个面向信息服务的网格资源管理器的架构，该架构分为全局和局部管理器。介绍一个新的作业调度算法，该算法的特点是根据历史作业执行时间来预测当前作业的执行时间，在调度时考虑作业执行时间和截止时间2个要素。试验证明该算法比目前常用的Max-Min和Min-Min算法具有更好的性能。     

一种基于预测的反馈网格作业调度模型*

网格计算中的资源是动态和异构的,常规的静态作业调度方法不适宜网格计算环境,对于网格计算中一类并行计算的有效执行有赖于网格资源（CPU和网络带宽等）与作业的有效匹配。提出了一种基于资源预测结果对作业进行调度的策略,首先阐述了网格主机负载预测的研究成果——IAR模型,并提出了一种预测网络带宽的工具——网络性能平面,利用资源预测结果构造了一种反馈作业调度模型并对一类基于时间平衡的作业进行实验。结果表明,该模型在与其他诸多方法比较中,取得了执行时间较短和稳定性较好的效果。     

基于改进蚁群算法的网格资源调度研究

为进一步掌握网格资源动态运行状态,以便合理调度网格资源,提高任务执行效率,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的网格资源调度策略。该算法引入了一个网格资源空闲所需时间向量F,通过向量F动态调整网格资源负载情况,达到快速实现遥感资源空间检索的目的。从仿真实验结果可以看出,改进蚁群算法比蚁群算法和其他算法更优,网格资源的利用效率更高。     

基于模糊粒子群优化的计算网格工作调度算法

网格计算是利用网络把分散的计算资源组织起来解决复杂问题的计算模式，工作调度是待解决的主要问题之一。本文提出一种基于模糊粒子群优化的网格计算工作调度算法，该算法利用模糊粒子群优化动态地产生网格计算工作调度的优化方案，使现有计算资源完成所有工作的时间最小化。实验结果表明，与基于遗传算法、模拟退火、蚁群算法的工作调度方法相比，所提出的算法在时间和精度上具有一定的优势。     

基于蚁群遗传算法的网格资源调度研究

传统的资源调度算法在网格环境下存在一定缺陷,如不能很好地平衡资源节点的负载,不能很好满足用户服务质量需求等.为了提高网络质量,应用遗传算法全局快速收敛的优点,将遗传算法融入到蚁群算法的每一次迭代中,使之具有很强的全局搜索能力,以加快算法的收敛速度,提出了在价格机制驱动下,应用蚁群遗传算法进行网格资源调度的算法.仿真实验结果表明,在价格机制驱动下,应用蚁群遗传算法进行网格资源调度可以减少系统总执行时间和任务完成时间,系统负载均衡度好,提高了资源调度效率,在网格环境下,算法具有稳定性和高效性.     

基于截止时间满意度的网格工作流调度算法

动态网格环境中用户截止时间保障是工作流调度问题的一个挑战.利用随机服务模型来描述网格资源的动态处理能力及其动态负载压力,提出了截止时间满意度的概念和工作流截止时间满意度的计算方法.将以DAG图形式表示的任务执行关系转换为以数值表示的任务执行优先级,并根据最大截止时间满意度优先的思想,确定执行工作流子任务的候选资源;将工作流全局截止时间划分问题描述为一个约束下的非线性规划问题并通过已有方法求解该问题,提出了一种截止时间满意度增强的工作流调度算法(DSESAW).仿真实验采用实际网格应用和系统数据来验证所提出算法的性能表现,实验结果表明新算法在网格环境的自适应性和用户截止时间保障方面优于其他两种实际网格系统中的调度算法.     

一种基于历史信息的自适应动态网格作业调度方法

目前,国内外围绕着网格中的作业调度算法已做了大量研究,先后提出了很多调度算法.但是,这些算法并不能很好地适应网格的动态性、自治性和分布性等特征.对此,提出了一种动态的网格作业调度方法-基于历史信息的自适应动态网格作业调度方法ASHI.该方法利用每个资源上最近作业的执行信息自适应调整预测模型,然后再根据网格的动态性和实时性等因素,对资源进行反馈选择后将作业提交负载较轻的资源上执行.实验证明,ASHI不但能及时有效地对作业进行调度,而且还可有效提高整个网格的吞吐量和均衡系统的负载.     

网格环境下可靠的可分割作业调度机制

针对传统可分割作业多路调度算法不能适应动态网格环境的不足,基于统一多路(Uniform Multi-Round:UMR)算法,提出一种可靠的可分割作业调度机制.系统动态地监控网格资源的变化,当资源发生变化时,通过性能预测与评估,及时地对剩余作业进行再调度.实验表明,较之传统的多路调度算法,该机制在动态的网格环境下,降低了作业完成时间,有效地利用了网格资源,提高了作业调度的可靠性.     

网格应用程序执行时间预测系统

为了合理利用网格资源和改进应用程序的执行性能,需要对应用程序的执行时间进行实时预测,为任务调度系统和网格用户提供调度依据.本文工作建立了执行时间预测系统,周期性的产生预测信息并转换为统一格式注册到网格信息服务中.本文使用资源映射方法预测应用程序执行时间,并且设计一组实验测试系统性能.实验结果表明,本系统能够低开销,灵敏地预测执行时间,并且预测误差较小.     

网格环境下的可分割算法的改进

针对统一多路调度(Uniform Multi-Round,UMR)算法存在的问题,作业的执行时间并不是随着工作节点个数增加而减少,提出在网格环境下,最优UMR调度算法:对指定的作业,合理分配资源节点个数,而不是对资源节点的全部使用,使资源节点数利用最小的情况下,作业的执行时间最短。实验结果表明,该算法充分利用了网格资源,提高了作业的执行效率。     

网格环境中一种改进的蚁群任务调度算法*

针对在蚁群算法中初始参数设置对算法收敛性能的影响较大,提出了一种新的改进蚁群算法NACA(new ant colony algorithm),针对蚁群算法中的四个关键参数随机编码,得到初始的染色体,从而获得一组较优解;再利用遗传算法的优点对上一步的结果单点顺序交叉、对换变异、选择操作以产生更好的解;然后以这组数据为蚁群算法下一次的工作备选值,并进行最大次数的循环迭代直至停止,即求得参数组合的近似最优解。将它应用于网格系统任务调度中,系统的性能得到了明显的改善。仿真模拟结果表明,所提出的算法具有更短的调度长度和更宽的适应性,当任务已知时,执行时间约缩短了21.7%,且负载变化时对网格中各处理器资源的影响大大减小。     

一种用于网格的启发性智能调度策略

任务调度是计算网格系统中极其关键的一部分,一种好的调度方法可以极大地提高整个系统的性能。针对蚂蚁算法在网格调度中早期信息素匮乏和蚂蚁分工单一的缺陷,提出了一种新的启发性智能调度方法。在调度过程前期,采用遗传算法为各网格节点生成丰富的信息素,作为调度中心进行任务调度的依据,然后在多群蚂蚁算法中,各种群的蚂蚁根据分工的不同在属于自己的空间中寻找最优解,从而缩小了搜索规模,加快了收敛速度,优化了调度性能。     

Job scheduling and processor allocation for grid computing on metacomputers

Scheduling is a fundamental issue in achieving high performance on metacomputers and computational grids. For the first time, the job scheduling problem for grid computing on metacomputers is studied as a combinatorial optimization problem. A cost model is proposed for modeling communication heterogeneity on computational grids. A processor allocation algorithm is developed which always finds an optimal processor allocation that minimizes the effective execution time of a job when the job is being scheduled. It is proven that the list scheduling (LS) algorithm can achieve reasonable worst-case performance bound in grid environments supporting distributed supercomputing with large applications. We compare the performance of various job scheduling and processor allocation algorithms for grid computing on metacomputers. We evaluate the performance of 128 combinations of two job scheduling algorithms, four initial job ordering strategies, four processor allocation algorithms, and four metacomputers by extensive simulation. It is found that the combination of largest job first (LJF) initial job ordering and minimum effective execution time (MEET) or largest machine first (LMF) processor allocation algorithm yields the best average-case performance, and the choice of FCFS and LS depends on the range of job sizes. It is also observed that communication heterogeneity does have significant impact on schedule lengths.     

Improved auto control ant colony optimization using lazy ant approach for grid scheduling problem

An auto controlled ant colony optimization algorithm controls the behavior of the ant colony algorithm automatically based on a priori heuristic. During the experimental study of auto controlled ACO algorithm on grid scheduling problem, it was observed that the induction of lazy ants not only reduces the time complexity of the algorithm but also produces better results on the given objectives. Lazy ants are basically a mutated version of active ants that remain alive till the fitter lazy ants are generated in the successive generations. This work presents an improved auto controlled ACO algorithm using the lazy ant concept. Performance study reveals the efficacy and the efficiency achieved by the proposed algorithm. A comparative study of the proposed method with some other recent meta-heuristics such as auto controlled ant colony optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm, quantum genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization for grid scheduling problem exhibits so.     

Maximizing availability for task scheduling in computational grid using genetic algorithm

Computational grid provides a wide distributed platform for high‐end compute intensive applications. Grid scheduling is often carried out to schedule the submitted jobs on the nodes of the grid so that some characteristic parameter is optimized. Availability of the computational nodes is one of the important characteristic parameters and measures the probability of the node availability for job execution. This paper addresses the availability of the grid computational nodes for the job execution and proposes a model to maximize it. As such, the task scheduling problem in grid is nondeterministic polynomial‐time hard, and often, metaheuristics techniques are applied to solve it. Genetic algorithm, a metaheuristic technique based on evolutionary computation, has been used to solve such complex optimization problem. This work proposes a technique for the grid scheduling problem using genetic algorithm with the objective to maximize availability. Simulation experiment, to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, is conducted, and results reveal the effectiveness of the model. A comparative study has also been performed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two-generation Pareto ant colony algorithm for multi-objective job shop scheduling problem with alternative process plans and unrelated parallel machines

The flexibilities of alternative process plans and unrelated parallel machines are benefit for the optimization of the job shop scheduling problem, but meanwhile increase the complexity of the problem. This paper constructs the mathematical model for the multi-objective job shop scheduling problem with alternative process plans and unrelated parallel machines, splits the problem into two sub-problems, namely flexible processing route decision and task sorting, and proposes a two-generation (father and children) Pareto ant colony algorithm to generate a feasible scheduling solution. The father ant colony system solves the flexible processing route decision problem, which selects the most appropriate process node set from the alternative process node set. The children ant colony system solves the sorting problem of the process task set generated by the father ant colony system. The Pareto ant colony system constructs the applicable pheromone matrixes and heuristic information with respect to the sub-problems and objectives. And NSGAII is used as comparison whose genetic operators are re-defined. The experiment confirms the validation of the proposed algorithm. By comparing the result of the algorithm to NSGAII, we can see the proposed algorithm has a better performance.     

基于Min—Min和蚁群算法的网格任务调度方法

网格任务调度是网格计算的研究热点,也是一个NP难问题。文章结合Min-Min算法和蚁群算法的优点,提出了一种基于Min—Min群算法（MMACO）的任务调度方法。仿真实验表明：在网格环境下,该算法具有较好的全局最优求解能力和较快的收敛速度。     

基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度策略

为提高异构CMP任务调度执行效率,充分发挥异构CMP的异构性和并行能力,提出一种基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度算法--IACOTS。IACOTS算法首先建立任务调度模型、路径选择规则和信息素更新规则,使蚁群算法能够适用于异构CMP任务调度问题。同时通过采用动态信息素更新、相遇并行搜索策略和引入遗传算法中的变异因子对基本的蚁群算法进行优化,克服蚁群算法搜索时间过长和“早熟”现象。通过仿真实验获得的结果表明,IACOTS算法执行效率优于现有的遗传算法,完成相同的任务需要的迭代次数最少,能有效降低程序执行时间,适用于异构CMP等大规模并行环境的任务调度。     

Observing the effect of interprocess communication in auto controlled ant colony optimization‐based scheduling on computational grid

Computational grids allow the sharing of geographically distributed computational resources in an efficient, reliable, and secure manner. Grid is still in its infancy, and there are many problems associated with the computational grid, namely job scheduling, resource management, information service, information security, routing, fault tolerance, and many more. Scheduling of jobs on grid nodes is an NP‐class problem warranting for heuristic and meta‐heuristic solution approach. In the proposed work, a meta‐heuristic technique, auto controlled ant colony optimization, has been applied to solve this problem. The work observes the effect of interprocess communication in process to optimize turnaround time of the job. The proposed model has been simulated in Matlab. For the different scenarios in computational grid, results have been analyzed. Result of the proposed model is compared with another meta‐heuristic technique genetic algorithm that has been applied for the same purpose. It is found that auto controlled ant colony optimization not only gives better solution in comparison to genetic algorithm, but also converges faster because initial solution itself is good because of constructive and decision‐based policy adapted by the former. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2012.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

柔性作业车间人员配置及作业排序问题研究*

以最小化任务完成时间为目标,建立了柔性作业车间人员配置及作业排序模型,并设计了蚁群-遗传混合优化算法进行求解。首先,根据求解问题特征,设计了蚁群-遗传协调优化的算法结构。其中,蚁群算法求解资源配置,遗传算法求解既定资源配置方案下的作业排序;其次,为便于蚂蚁游历中配置任务的加工设备和操作人员,设计了一种新的蚂蚁游历地图及地图上启发式信息的计算方法和更新方式;再次,遗传算法采用基于工序优先权值的实数编码方式,并采用父子排序的精英保留策略以促进算法收敛;最后,通过两个不同规模的实例,比较其与其他算法及不同资源配置规则的运行结果,说明本算法能较好的求解柔性作业车间的人员配置及作业排序问题。