滞环非线性系统的加权自适应控制

本文通过引入一个非线性补偿环节和一个开关量函数,解决了滞环非线性系统的自适应 控制问题,并分别对滞环宽度已知和未知情况,建立了大范围渐近收敛和稳定的加权自适应控 制算法.这种算法具有渐近最优的控制效果,能用于非最小相位系统.仿真结果表明,该算法 具有良好的动态性能.     

A nonsmooth IMC method for mechanical systems with backlash

This paper proposes a discrete-time nonsmooth internal model control （NSIMC） approach for mechanical transmission systems described by so-called sandwich system with backlash. In this method, a dynamic compensator is introduced to compensate for the effect of the input linear subsystem. Thus, the sandwich systems with backlash can be simplified as a pseudo-Hammerstein system with backlash. The corresponding NSIMC strategy is designed to control this system. The design procedure of the controller is presented based on the analysis on the robust stability by considering the model errors involved with the effect of backlash as well as the compensated error of the input linear subsystem. Moreover, as the model is switched among the different operating zones, the robust filters are proposed to guarantee the robust stability and satisfactory control performance of the system.     

A hybrid approach to modelling,control and state estimation of mechanical systems with backlash

Control of mechanical systems with backlash is a topic well studied by many control practitioners. This interest has been motivated by the fact that backlash in mechanical systems can cause severe performance degradation and lead to instability of the control system. Furthermore, high impact-forces in backlash-systems can lead to a lower durability of the components and to strokes and peaks in the output. In this paper a mechanical benchmark system is presented to provide facilities for testing the identification and control of systems with backlash. For controller design a hybrid model of the system was derived and used in a model predictive control (MPC) scheme. Observer-based state-estimation was used to recover unmeasured states, particularly the backlash angle. Explicit solutions of a tracking controller were computed to control the mechanical benchmark system in real-time. Simulation as well as experimental results are presented to show the applicability of this hybrid control approach.     

基于反步自适应控制的伺服系统齿隙补偿

齿隙是影响机电伺服系统动/静态性能的一个重要因素. 为了减小其不利影响, 该文以存在不确定参数的机电位置伺服系统为研究对象, 针对系统中存在的齿隙非线性, 应用反步积分方法, 通过逐步递推选择Lyapunov函数,设计了基于状态反馈的自适应控制器. 通过理论分析以及与传统PID控制的仿真结果比较表明, 该方案显著地降低了齿隙对伺服性能的影响, 提高了系统的跟踪精度和鲁棒性.     

含间隙非线性的Wiener-Hammerstein系统复合补偿控制

针对含非对称间隙环节的Wiener-Hammerstein系统提出了一种新的由输出反馈和间隙动态逆补偿构成的复合控制方案.首先应用参数化分段线性表达式设计了未知参数的整体估计模型,可同时估计线性参数和间隙的特征参数,然后提出了一种新的误差有界的间隙动态逆模型,该模型可使得驱动信号能在间隙的不同线性段之间快速切换,在此基础上设计了鲁棒补偿控制律,同时对输入线性环节采用输出反馈控制构建了复合控制器,通过李亚普诺夫方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性.带减速器的单电机伺服系统模型的仿真结果表明该方法在跟踪精度良好的同时可使系统动态响应满足要求.     

A disturbance observer design for backlash compensation

Electromechanical systems usually have an innate backlash in their gear trains which is normally nonlinear and limits the performance of the system. In this paper, a disturbance observer is designed in order to estimate the properties of the backlash. Generally, such disturbance observers are designed with the inverse model of the nominal plant but since the backlash is an internal factor of the plant, its effect cannot be separated from the system output. In the proposed model, the plant is reconfigured to separate the effects of the backlash from the output, and a new type of disturbance observer is proposed to detect and compensate for the backlash in the remodelled plant. The suggested disturbance observer is applied to the knee joint of a humanoid robot. Using the proposed disturbance observer, it is shown that the backlash can be compensated for, and that the tracking error decreases in the knee pitch trajectory. Also, an error analysis of the input trajectory is carried out to verify the performance of the proposed disturbance observer and the validity of the proposed control scheme is discussed.     

Adaptive Tracking Control for Nonlinear Systems with a Class of Input Nonlinearities

An adaptive tracking control approach is presented for nonlinear systems with a class of input nonlinearities. A generalized model has been developed for a class of non‐smooth nonlinearities that include dead‐zone, backlash and ‘backlash‐like’ hysteresis. By using the developed model and Nussbaum‐gain technique, the problem of input nonlinearity is solved perfectly. The proposed method is available even when the designer is uncertain about the type of input nonlinearities mentioned above, and the knowledge on the bounds of these nonlinearity parameters is not required. Furthermore, it is proved that all closed‐loop signals are bounded and the tracking error converges to a small residual set asymptotically. Two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

具有间隙非线性系统的控制加权自适应控制

本文对具有间隙的非线性系统提出一种可控制开环不稳定及非最小相位系统的控制加权自适应算法，并给出了稳定性收敛性定理及其证明。仿真结果表明，该算法可明显地改善系统的控制性能。     

A Nonsmooth Nonlinear Programming Based Predictive Control for Mechanical Servo Systems with Backlash‐like Hysteresis

In this paper, a multi‐step‐ahead predictive control approach for dynamic systems with preceded backlash‐like hysteresis based on nonsmooth nonlinear programming is proposed. In this approach, a nonsmooth multi‐step‐ahead predictive model is developed for long‐range prediction of the controlled dynamic systems with preceded backlash‐like hysteresis. Then, the predictive control strategy is treated as a problem of on‐line nonsmooth nonlinear programming. Subsequently, the stability of the nonsmooth predictive control system is analyzed and the corresponding stability condition is derived. Afterward, a numerical example and a simulation based on a mechanical servo system are presented, respectively.     

具有间隙非线性系统的自适应控制*

本文对具有间隙非线性系统提出了自适应控制算法,在确定和随机情况下,控制算法都具有大范围渐近收敛性质,仿真结果表明该算法能有效地改善系统的控制性能。     

Adaptive inverse control for parametric strict feedback systems with unknown failures of hysteretic actuators

An adaptive compensation control scheme is proposed by using backstepping techniques for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems preceded by m hysteretic actuators, which exhibit unknown backlash nonlinearity and possibly experience unknown failures. An estimated smooth inverse of the actuator backlash is utilized in the controller design to compensate for the effects of the backlash and actuator failures. It is shown that the designed controllers can ensure all signals of closed‐loop system bounded for any failure pattern of hysteretic actuators and tracking performance is also maintained. Simulation studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller, especially the improvement of system performances. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用于清洗绝缘子的四旋翼无人机抗回冲力控制

本文主要针对利用四旋翼无人机清洗绝缘子时受到的回冲力干扰及姿态控制问题,提出了一种用于清洗绝缘子的无人机抗回冲力控制方法.对于无人机系统,本文运用非线性控制方法中的反步法来设计姿态控制器,使其达到输入状态稳定,并对外部扰动具有鲁棒性.本文首先根据无人机运动模型建立了其动力学方程.之后,运用动量定理和流体力学中的伯努利方程对所受的回冲力进行建模.然后,运用反步法设计姿态控制器并证明其稳定性.最后,运用MATLAB对无人机系统进行仿真实验,其结果证明了文中所提出的控制方法的有效性和鲁棒性.本文所提出的控制方案可以避免目前已有的一些技术存在的缺陷,并且为无人机抗扰动控制和绝缘子冲洗都提供了发展空间.     

On the Two‐Inertia System: Analysis of the Asymptotic Behaviors to Multiple Feedback Position Control

This paper presents a new analysis to explain the asymptotic behavior of the two‐inertia system on multiple feedback schemes with mechanism backlash. A linear pole placement controller for two‐inertia system position control is designed and is utilized for performance evaluation. Unlike the describing function approximation in nonlinear control, this paper presents an alternative analysis for evaluating system performance. This approach evaluates the asymptotic behaviors within semi/full/dual‐closed loop position controls that involve the effect of mechanism backlash in mechanical systems. The crucial lemmas to examine the compensation policies are formulated by theoretical discussion. The results provided by numerical simulation demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the analysis.     

间隙三明治系统的改进卡尔曼状态估计

控制工程中许多实际系统都可以描述为带间隙的三明治系统,由于间隙具有非光滑、局部记忆性和多值映射等复杂非线性特性,使得整个三明治系统的内部状态估计工作具有很大挑战性.首先根据间隙三明治系统的特性引入了几个自动切换函数,采用关键项分离原理,建立了随机噪声干扰下间隙三明治系统的非光滑整体伪线性状态空间模型.针对该系统提出了一种非光滑的改进卡尔曼滤波算法以估计系统状态,其工作机制能够随系统当前工作区间的转变而自动切换模式.仿真和实验结果表明,针对含噪声的间隙三明治系统,非光滑的改进卡尔曼滤波算法对系统状态的估计准确度要高于传统卡尔曼滤波算法.     

含间隙机械系统的混杂模型预测控制器

研究含间隙机械系统的混杂模型预测控制问题.首先,将含间隙机械系统的运行模式分为"间隙模式"和"接触模式".其次,建立了含间隙机械系统的混杂分段仿射 (PWA)模型.然后,利用模型预测控制 (MPC)的方法对约束PWA系统的最优控制进行求解,通过动态规划与多参数二次规划方法,得到了MPC的离线解.最后,通过将分段二次 (PWQ)Lyapunov函数的求解转换成半正定规划,找到了确保闭环控制稳定性的PWQ Lyaplanov函数.跟踪参考速度的实验结果表明,混杂模型预测控制器对含间隙机械系统的跟踪控制具有较好的效果,能够满足小采样时间系统的实时控制要求.     

Adaptive control of system with unknown output backlash

Adaptive control schemes for systems with unknown backlash at the plant output are developed. In the case of known backlash, a backlash inverse controller guarantees exact output tracking. When the backlash characteristics are unknown, adaptive laws are designed to update the controller parameters and to guarantee bounded input-output stability. Simulations show significant improvements of the system performance achieved by such adaptive backlash inverse controllers     

Observer‐based compensation control of servo systems with backlash

For compensating backlash phenomenon in servo systems, the authors propose an observer method in this paper to estimate both system states and vibration torque before controller design. First, a systematic scheme is given to obtain plant parameters, which is very important in observing system states. This is a parameter estimation principle that gives a crude estimation and computes the differences between the crude and true values. As a result, the precise value of the parameters is obtained by adding together the crude value and the difference. Then, based on the precise estimated parameters, an extended state observer (ESO) is designed to obtain feedback and feedforward signals. Consequently, robust compensation control is achieved by designing an output feedback controller, consisting of a feedback term and a feedforward term. Finally, in order to validate the proposed approach, extensive experiments are performed on a practical servo system with backlash nonlinearity.     

含齿隙非线性的双电机驱动伺服系统控制研究——基于反演积分自适应方法

针对存在齿隙非线性的双电机驱动伺服系统的控制问题,给出了双电机驱动伺服系统的模型,应用反演积分自适应控制方法,引入虚拟控制量和位置跟踪误差的积分,确保系统跟踪误差能够渐近稳定地趋于零。通过逐步递推选择Lyapunov函数,设计了基于状态反馈的自适应控制器,并进行了稳定性分析。通过与常规PID控制的仿真结果相比较,表明所提出的控制策略能较好地补偿齿隙非线性的影响,提高了系统的位置跟踪性能和鲁棒性。     

BACKLASH COMPENSATION WITH FILTERED PREDICTION IN DISCRETE TIME NONLINEAR SYSTEMS BY DYNAMIC INVERSION USING NEURAL NETWORKS

A dynamics inversion compensation scheme is designed for control of nonlinear discrete‐time systems with input backlash. This paper extends the dynamic inversion technique to discrete‐time systems by using a filtered prediction, and shows how to use a neural network (NN) for inverting the backlash nonlinearity in the feedforward path. The technique provides a general procedure for using NN to determine the dynamics preinverse of an invertible discrete time dynamical system. A discrete‐time tuning algorithm is given for the NN weights so that the backlash compensation scheme guarantees bounded tracking and backlash errors, and also bounded parameter estimates. A rigorous proof of stability and performance is given and a simulation example verifies performance. Unlike standard discrete‐time adaptive control techniques, no certainty equivalence (CE) or linear‐in‐the‐parameters (LIP) assumptions are needed.