四旋翼飞行器的自抗扰控制方法研究

为了检验自抗扰控制方法是否可以应用在四旋翼飞行器飞行控制系统。介绍了自抗扰控制器的原理以及基本组成。针对四旋翼飞行器低速飞行或悬停状态,提出了一种基于自抗扰控制器的控制系统设计方法并在仿真平台上进行稳定控制、高度控制实验,以及与PID控制系统进行对比分析实验。仿真结果表明：基于自抗扰的四旋翼飞行器控制系统具有较好的动态品质、稳态精度以及较强的鲁棒性,本文所设计自抗扰控制器可应用在四旋翼飞行控制系统。     

基于自抗扰方法的单元机组协调系统设计

针对燃煤大型火电机组运行过程中普遍存在的煤质变化及外界不确定性扰动频繁,控制对象复杂等特性造成的常规协调控制策略无法满足电网自动化负荷控制要求的问题,提出了一种具有前馈补偿和近似静态单向解耦控制结构的机炉协调自抗扰控制策略。该控制策略在自抗扰控制器对扰动的跟踪补偿作用下可以使机组协调控制系统在汽机-锅炉控制回路强耦合和外部干扰的影响下实现对电网负荷指令的快速稳定跟踪,并且对机组运行工况和模型不确定性有很强的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,在协调控制系统功率扰动和给煤机转速扰动及模型参数摄动影响下,单元机组依然具有良好的动态特性。     

基于自抗扰理论的无人机横侧向解耦控制研究

为了改善传统PID控制方法设计的无人机横侧向解耦控制系统的性能,根据无人机横侧向数学模型和自抗扰控制解耦理论,设计了自抗扰解耦控制系统;基于自抗扰控制器参数整定方法完成了控制参数的设计,并通过Simulink仿真给出了滚转角及侧滑角扰动下的响应曲线;仿真结果表明,自抗扰解耦控制系统比传统PID方法设计的解耦控制系统能更快地趋向稳定,而且稳态误差更小,证明了与采用传统方法设计的系统相比,采用ADRC技术解耦后的无人机横侧向系统具有更强的抗扰动性和鲁棒性。     

自适应模糊自抗扰控制器的研究与设计

针对普通PID在实际工程控制中参数整定难,抗干扰能力差的问题,设计了一种基于模糊控制原理的改进型自抗扰控制器.该控制器充分结合了模糊控制器和自抗扰控制器的各自优势,并对其进行了随动系统的仿真.仿真结果表明,该控制器可设计成为一个响应速度快、静差小的控制系统,与经典PID控制器在同样的系统中比较,自适应模糊自抗扰控制有较好的控制性能.     

四旋翼飞行器的自抗扰飞行控制方法

针对四旋翼飞行器参数不确定性和外部干扰敏感的问题,本文提出一种基于自抗扰控制器的控制系统设计方法.在为期望姿态和高度安排过渡过程的基础上,设计了扩张状态观测器对内扰和外扰进行估计并实时补偿,能够很好地克服飞行器的强耦合性、模型不确定性以及风速变化等外部干扰问题.此外本文还设计了非线性状态误差反馈控制律来有效抑制跟踪误差.在仿真平台上对自抗扰控制系统进行稳定控制、姿态跟踪、高度控制、抗扰性及鲁棒性实验,并与串级PID控制系统进行定量对比分析.仿真结果表明,本文所设计的自抗扰控制器不仅能够很好地估计并补偿系统所受内外部干扰,而且对四旋翼飞行器参数的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性,能够满足飞行器姿态调节快速和高稳定度的控制要求,性能指标明显优于串级PID控制器.     

基于U模型的模糊免疫自抗扰控制方法研究

针对一类非线性系统在持续扰动下的控制问题,设计基于U模型的模糊免疫自抗扰控制方法。首先,引入U模型方法进行被控对象建模,提高处理非线性系统的能力,结合自抗扰控制方法,设计基于U模型的改进自抗扰控制器。在非线性反馈环节引入模糊免疫方法实现非线性智能反馈,设计基于U模型的模糊免疫自抗扰控制系统。最后仿真实验表明：基于U模型的模糊免疫自抗扰控制方法在保持了基于U模型的自抗扰控制的简洁性和良好抗扰性能的基础上,简化了控制器参数调节过程,在持续未知扰动下的跟踪速度、精度都更优。     

基于自抗扰控制的永磁同步电机伺服控制系统

永磁同步电机伺服控制在工业中具有广泛的应用,而目前的控制方法存在控制精度较低、系统开销大、控制结构复杂等问题.论文基于自抗扰控制理论,设计了永磁同步电机伺服控制系统.该控制系统采用双环控制,其中位置环采用自抗扰控制,电流环采用PI控制,并采用Matlab/Simulink仿真分析了不同负载转矩及系统扰动对于控制系统的影...     

基于自抗扰技术的网络化无刷直流电机控制系统时延补偿

采用自抗扰控制技术解决网络化无刷直流电机转速控制系统的时延补偿问题. 首先, 建立含有时变网络诱导时延的无刷直流电机控制系统模型, 并将时变时延引起的不确定动态描述为系统模型的不确定性; 然后, 设计自抗扰控制器, 对时延引起的不确定动态进行动态线性化补偿, 从而消除时变时延对系统性能的影响; 最后, 通过仿真研究表明了所设计的自抗扰补偿方法的有效性和优越性.

     

基于参数优化的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制系统自抗扰控制器研究

针对基于PI控制器的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制系统存在转矩波动大、易受负载变化影响的问题,设计了一种基于转速外环的自抗扰控制器,代替PI控制器以改善永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制系统的性能;采用粒子群优化算法对自抗扰控制器的相关参数进行了优化计算,改进了控制器的调节性能。仿真和实验结果表明,基于参数优化自抗扰控制器的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制系统具有较高的抗负载扰动能力,更快的响应速度和良好的动、静态性能。     

电机驱动驻车系统的非线性自抗扰控制

电机是电动汽车的动力源,能快速启动,并通过矢量控制技术精确控制输出转矩.本文针对电动汽车电子驻车系统制动问题,提出了一种采用自抗扰控制技术驱动电机实现驻车制动的有效方法.为此分析了车辆在坡道上的纵向运动学模型,结合电机数学模型和整车模型,设计了电动汽车电子驻车非线性自抗扰控制器,并搭建了闭环仿真模型.仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制系统响应性能明显优于PID控制,最后通过实验,验证所设计的控制方案对驻车过程内外扰动具有较强的鲁棒性,能够实现驻车过程快速有效制动.     

A nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward tracking control strategy for a boiler‐turbine unit

A boiler‐turbine unit is a primary module for coal‐fired power plants, and an effective automatic control system is needed for the boiler‐turbine unit to track the load changes with the drum water level kept within an acceptable range. The aim of this paper is to develop a nonlinear tracking controller for the Bell‐Åström boiler‐turbine unit. A Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy control system is introduced for the nonlinear modeling of the Bell‐Åström boiler‐turbine unit. Based on the Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models, a nonlinear tracking controller is developed, and the proposed control law is comprised of a state‐feedforward term and a state‐feedback term. The stability of the closed‐loop control system is analyzed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory via the linear matrix inequality approach and Schur complement. Moreover, model uncertainties are also considered, and it is proved that with the proposed control law the tracking error converges to zero. To assess the performance of the proposed nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward control strategy, a nonlinear model predictive control strategy and a linear strategy are presented as comparisons. The effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward control strategy are demonstrated by simulations.     

Hierarchical optimization of boiler–turbine unit using fuzzy stable model predictive control

This paper develops a hierarchical control system structure based on the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model to achieve an optimal control of a boiler–turbine unit. In the upper layer of the hierarchy, an optimal reference governor is designed to find the optimal operating point. A disturbance term is introduced to the fuzzy model to lump the modeling mismatch and unknown disturbance. Thus, the effect of plant behavior variation can be removed and the operating point found can be feasible to control. In the lower layer, a stable model predictive controller is developed to track the optimal set-points while guaranteeing the input-to-state stability of the system. Fuzzy Lyapunov function and appropriate slack and collection matrices are used to reduce the conservatism of stability design and improve the performance. Through the estimation of the disturbance term using an observer, the two layers in the hierarchy are coupled and the integrated system can realize a dynamic optimal control of the boiler–turbine unit, even in the case of severe plant behavior variations.     

600MW单元机组给水全程控制系统分析与仿真

在综合考虑锅炉给水控制系统、电动泵控制系统和汽动泵控制系统的基础上，对德国西门子（Siemens）公司设计的600MW单元机组给水全程控制系统进行了全面分析和仿真研究，指出了该控制系统设计的主要特点，给出了该控制系统控制器的最佳整定参数及参数整定范围。     

Coordinated controller tuning of a boiler turbine unit with new binary particle swarm optimization algorithm

Coordinated controller tuning of the boiler turbine unit is a challenging task due to the nonlinear and coupling characteristics of the system. In this paper, a new variant of binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, called probability based binary PSO (PBPSO), is presented to tune the parameters of a coordinated controller. The simulation results show that PBPSO can effectively optimize the control parameters and achieves better control performance than those based on standard discrete binary PSO, modified binary PSO, and standard continuous PSO.     

Fuzzy modeling and stable model predictive tracking control of large-scale power plants

This paper develops a stable model predictive tracking controller (SMPTC) for coordinated control of a large-scale power plant. First, a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model is established to approximate the behavior of the boiler–turbine coordinated control system (CCS) using fuzzy clustering and subspace identification (SID). Then, an SMPTC is designed based on the fuzzy model to track the power and pressure set-points while guaranteeing the input-to-state stability and the input constraints of the system. An output-based objective function is adopted for the proposed SMPTC so that the controller could be directly applicable for the data-driven model. Moreover, the effect of modeling mismatches and unknown plant variations has been overcome by the use of a disturbance term and steady-state target calculator (SSTC). Simulation results for a 600 MW power plant show that an off-set free tracking performance can be achieved over a wide range load variation.     

Intelligent coordinated controller design for a 600 MW supercritical boiler unit based on expanded-structure neural network inverse models

Under present widespread automatic generation control (AGC) centered on regional power grid, a large-capacity coal-fired supercritical (SC) power unit often operates under wide-range variable load conditions. Since a SC once-through boiler unit is represented by a typical multivariable system with large inertia and non-linear, slow time-variant and time-delay characteristics, it often makes the coordinated control quality deteriorate under wide-range loading conditions, and thus influences the unit load response speed and leads to heavy fluctuation of the main steam pressure. To improve the SC unit’s coordinated control quality with advanced intelligent control strategy, the neural-network (NN) based expanded-structure inverse system models of a 600 MW SC boiler unit were investigated. A feedforward neural network with time-delayed inputs and time-delayed output feedbacks was adopted to establish the inverse models for the load and the main steam pressure characteristics. Based on the model, a neural network inverse coordinated control scheme was designed and tested in a full-scope power plant simulator of the given SC power unit, which showed that the proposed coordinated control scheme can achieve better control results compared to the original PID coordinated control.     

机炉协调控制系统中的综合能量平衡策略

针对火电机组负荷控制对象具有不确定性、复杂性及多变量相互耦合的特点,以及火力发电厂单元机组的汽轮机和锅炉动态特性之间存在着较大差异的特点,将常规的反馈、前馈控制方法与模糊推理有机地融合在一起构成综合控制策略,将其综合能量平衡策略应用于单元机组协调控制系统中,以消除各种干扰引发的机炉能量不平衡现象,提高单元机组的负荷适应性和机组稳定性。仿真研究及实际控制效果表明,单元机组协调系统的控制品质得到了明显改善。     

大型循环流化床机组的协调控制系统设计

大型循环流化床锅炉迟滞性和热惯性大,被控参数间耦合关系强烈,自动控制问题难度更大.在对山西昱光电厂2×300MW循环流化床机组协调控制系统投入的过程中,对存在的问题进行了多方面的探讨,采用适合流化床锅炉新的控制策略,使机组负荷变化率达到1.5％Pe,并实现了投入自动发电控制方式运行.     

汽包锅炉的一种非线性串级控制设计

电厂锅炉的非线性和大延迟时间常数等是影响其控制品质主要因素。针对这些问题,提出一种非线性串级控制设计方案,一方面采用非线性补偿能够抵消锅炉的非线性的影响,另一方面采用串级控制能够提高锅炉的动态响应速度。在控制设计中,选择锅炉汽包压力为副控制对象、主蒸汽压力为主控制对象构成串级控制系统。仿真研究表明,在大范围变负荷运行条件下,所设计的机组控制系统具有良好的控制品质并能够有效地提高锅炉的响应速度。     

和利时MACS V控制系统在450t/h循环流化床锅炉中的应用

以浙江嘉化能源化工股份有限公司兴港热电厂背压热电机组节能技改项目（6#锅炉、汽机）为背景,结合循环流化床锅炉的运行特点及控制要求,介绍和利时MACSV系列分散控制系统的应用及实现的功能.