基于统计信息的数字图像恢复及噪声滤波方法

本文基于统计信息——局部均值和局部方差，探讨了数字图像对比度增强和噪声滤波方法。尤其对加性噪声和乘性噪声，设计了相应的滤波器。仿真结果表明，本文的方法实现简单、运算速度较快，为实时图像处理提供了一种新途径。     

一种新的图像椒盐噪声的非线性滤波算法

为了在滤除椒盐噪声的同时能很好地保持图像的边缘细节,提出了一种新颖的图像椒盐噪声非线性滤波算法。利用局部统计信息,先将图像像素点分为信号点和可能的噪声点两类。然后将可能的噪声点进一步细分为边缘点、噪声点和信号点：利用方向信息、均方差来判断是否为边缘点,利用自适应阈值的方法来判断是否为噪声点,并且对边缘点和噪声点采取不同的方法进行滤波。经过仿真实验并与其它滤波算法进行比较表明,文中的算法具有更好的效果。     

Fast averaging peer group filter for the impulsive noise removal in color images

In the paper, a new approach to the impulsive noise removal in color images is presented. The new filtering design is based on the peer group concept, which determines the membership of a central pixel of the filtering window to its local neighborhood, in terms of the number of close pixels. Two pixels are declared as close if their distance in a given color space does not exceed a predefined threshold value. A pixel is treated as not corrupted by the impulsive noise process, if its peer group consists of at least two close pixels, otherwise this pixel is replaced by a weighted average of uncorrupted samples from the local neighborhood. The peer group size assigned to each pixel is used for the averaging operation, so that pixels which have many peers are taken with higher weight. The new filtering design proved to restore efficiently color images corrupted by even strong impulsive noise, while preserving tiny image details. The beneficial property of the proposed filter is its very low computational complexity, which allows its application in real-time image processing tasks.     

基于局部直方图的加权均值滤波器

针对受椒盐噪声不同程度污染的灰度图像滤波问题,提出了一种基于局部直方图的加权均值滤波算法。该算法针对椒盐噪声特点,对含噪图像进行噪声检测,建立噪声标记矩阵;对标记为信号的像素不做处理,标记为噪声的像素依据其邻域像素污染程度采取不同窗口尺寸的加权均值滤波,像素权值由噪声点所在区域的局部直方图确定。对不同噪声率污染的测试图像仿真结果表明,该算法在有效抑制噪声的同时能较好地保持图像的细节信息。最后,通过与中值滤波和其他一些改进算法的滤波效果比较,证明了该算法的有效性。     

SUSAN—A New Approach to Low Level Image Processing

This paper describes a new approach to low level image processing; in particular, edge and corner detection and structure preserving noise reduction.Non-linear filtering is used to define which parts of the image are closely related to each individual pixel; each pixel has associated with it a local image region which is of similar brightness to that pixel. The new feature detectors are based on the minimization of this local image region, and the noise reduction method uses this region as the smoothing neighbourhood. The resulting methods are accurate, noise resistant and fast.Details of the new feature detectors and of the new noise reduction method are described, along with test results.     

图象椒盐噪声的非线性自适应滤除

为了在滤除图象椒盐噪声的同时能很好地保持图象的细节,提出了一种新颖的图象椒盐噪声非线性自适应滤除算法。该方法首先在噪声图象的滤波窗口中去除具有最大和最小灰度值的象素,然后求取剩余象素的均值,计算出该均值与对应的象素灰度值的差值,再通过与阈值相比较,确定是否用求得的均值代替原噪声图象的灰度值。阈值由图象的灰度分布自适应地确定,该算法与已发表的同类算法相比,具有更好地滤波性能,尤其在噪声严重时,其效果明显优于传统的中值滤波算法。     

结合隶属度与像素交替引导滤波的鲁棒模糊聚类算法

模糊局部信息C-均值（FLICM）聚类算法是目前应用较广泛的图像分割算法,然而仅适用于处理低噪声图像。FLICM算法与像素引导隶属度滤波的结合在一定程度上提高了噪声抑制能力,但仍无法满足强噪声图像的分割需求。联合引导滤波与基于核度量的加权模糊局部信息C-均值（KWFLICM）聚类算法,提出一种隶属度与像素值交替引导的核模糊聚类算法。将像素引导隶属度滤波模块和隶属度引导像素滤波模块引入KWFLICM算法,构造一种引导滤波约束的多目标核模糊聚类优化模型,采用最小二乘法对该模型进行迭代求解。在迭代过程中,通过像素引导隶属度滤波和隶属度引导像素滤波,分别修正输入图像的隶属度和像素值,进一步提高核模糊聚类算法对含噪图像的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,与同类核模糊聚类算法相比,该算法在莱斯噪声干扰下的误分率、精确度、峰值信噪比、Jaccard相似系数等评价指标上表现突出,具有更好的分割性能和更强的鲁棒性。     

基于稀疏重构框架下剪切波的SAR图像去噪

SAR图像很容易被乘性噪声多污染,进而影响SAR图像后序的分析与处理。本文中提出了一种基于剪切波稀疏编码的SAR图像移除乘性噪声的新模型。首先通过压缩感知理论建立SAR图像去噪模型;其次通过剪切波变换获得剪切波系数,每个尺度的系数视为一个单元;对于每个单元,通过剪切波域的贝叶斯估计对稀疏系数进行迭代估计。重现的单元最后结合起来构造去噪后的图像。SAR图像去噪效果显示了该算法有良好的表现性,对噪声具有鲁棒性;本文提出的算法不仅有较好的去噪效果,而且还保存了更多的边界信息。     

基于灰度最值和方向纹理的概率滤波算法

为了更高效地检测和滤除噪声,基于灰度最值和方向纹理的概率滤波算法根据灰度最值进行噪声检测,对检测出来的可疑噪声,根据四个方向纹理的平滑过渡性进行第二次噪声检测。运用滤波窗口中出现频次最高的信号像素取代噪声。如果窗口中不存在信号像素,增大滤波窗口,以使窗口包含信号像素。当滤波窗口增大到允许的最大尺寸时,窗口中依然没有信号像素,则用窗口中已处理的、出现频次最高的像素取代噪声。将算法与当前滤波性能最好的中值滤波算法用于图像滤波实验。从滤波结果的主观视觉效果和客观数据两方面进行的比较分析证明,相对于当前的中值滤波算法,基于灰度最值和方向纹理的概率滤波算法具有更加良好的滤波性能,在滤除噪声的同时,很好地保持图像的边缘和细节。     

一种简单的椒盐噪声滤波算法

文章提出了一种基于先定位、后滤波思想的椒盐噪声滤除算法。该算法根据噪声特点,将图像像素分为信号像素或可能的噪声像素两种类别,对于可能的噪声像素,采取去噪中值滤波算法进行滤波,而对于信号像素则不做任何处理,以保留更多的图像细节。文中给出了标准的中值滤波算法、极值中值滤波算法和该文的算法的比较实验,结果表明,该文算法对噪声高度污染图像的去噪能力明显比其它两种算法强,且能较好地保留图像细节。     

基于噪声检测的遥感图像模糊滤波

提出了一种基于噪声检测的遥感图像模糊滤波方法。该方法首先用一个噪声检测标准将输入图像的像元分为为噪声像元和信号像元,然后,利用模糊数学的相关理论对噪声像元进行处理,并把处理结果赋给输出图像的对应像元;而对于信号像元,则不进行处理,直接把它的值赋给输出图像的对立像元。另外,在图像处理过程中,把输入图像的噪声像元用其处理结果代替,以更好地改善图像滤波处理结果。实验结果表明本文的方法能有效地去除图像中的椒盐噪声。     

一种抑制SAR图像相干斑的空域滤波算法

为在保护SAR图像边缘特征的同时有效抑制乘性相干斑噪声,提出了一种空域滤波新算法。该算法以负指数衰减型加权滤波模型为基础,通过将SAR图像多种局部统计参量巧妙结合作为联合衰减因子,形成与SAR图像区域分布特性相适应的负指数型加权系数;同时采取两次滤波策略,先由预滤波削弱SAR图像相干斑噪声并估计获得更精准的局部统计参量,然后借助精细局部统计参量再对原SAR图像实施精细滤波。实验结果表明,与多种抑斑算法相比,该算法在SAR图像抑斑与边缘保护方面均获得了更好的性能。     

基于图像受噪程度的改进模糊加权均值滤波

根据高斯噪声密度大、噪声强度的波动范围宽,其污染图像不仅每一个像素灰度级都会受影响,而且即使是同一灰度级受污染的程度也会不同的特点和传统的图像模糊滤波算法在图像细节保护方面上的不足,提出基于图像受噪程度的改进模糊加权均值滤波算法,该算法根据图像各像素点的受噪程度,得到首次滤波图像和原图像估计直方图,根据该直方图确定模糊隶属度函数,然后对首次滤波图像中灰度小于25的像素点进行模糊加权均值滤波,该算法在不需要期望图像和高斯噪声方差的情况下能有效地去除噪声,同时能够很好地保护图像细节信息。     

改进的曲率滤波强噪声图像去噪方法

目的 医学影像获取和视频监控过程中会出现一些恶劣环境,导致图像有许多强噪声斑点,质量较差。在处理强噪声图像时,传统的基于变分模型的算法,因需要计算高阶偏微分方程,计算复杂且收敛较慢;而隐式使用图像曲率信息的曲率滤波模型,在处理强噪声图像时,又存在去噪不完全的缺陷。为了克服这些缺陷,在保持图像边缘和细节特征的同时去除图像的强噪声,实现快速去噪,提出了一种改进的曲率滤波算法。方法 本文算法在隐式计算曲率时,通过半窗三角切平面和最小三角切平面的组合,用投影算子代替传统曲率滤波的最小三角切平面投影算子,并根据强噪声图像存在强噪声斑点的特征,修正正则能量函数,增添局部方差的正则能量,使得正则项的约束更加合理,提高了算法的去噪性能,从而达到增强去噪能力和保护图像边缘与细节的目的。结果 针对多种不同强度的混合噪声图像对本文算法性能进行测试,并与传统的基于变分法的去噪算法（ROF）和曲率滤波去噪等算法进行去噪效果对比,同时使用峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）作为滤波算法性能的客观评价指标。本文算法在对强噪声图像去噪处理时,能够有效地保持图像的边缘和细节特征,具备较好的PSNR和SSIM,在PSNR上比ROF模型和曲率滤波算法分别平均提高1.67 dB和2.93 dB,SSIM分别平均提高0.29和0.26。由于采用了隐式计算图像曲率,算法的处理速度与曲率滤波算法相近。结论 根据强噪声图像噪声特征对曲率滤波算法进行优化,改进投影算子和能量函数正则项,使得曲率滤波算法能够更好地适用于强噪声图像,实验结果表明,该方法与传统的变分法相比,对强噪声图像去噪效果显著。     

基于GF（28）域相似函数的椒盐噪声滤波算法

针对数字图像采集及处理过程中广泛存在的椒盐噪声,基于GF（2⁸）有限域,提出一种具有噪声点精确检测能力的改进型噪声滤波算法。根据图像相邻像素相关性,构建了GF（2⁸）域上的相似函数,并据此提出了GF（2⁸）域上的图像自适应椒盐噪声检测算子,可对噪声点准确定位;结合中值滤波算法完成数字图像的椒盐噪声自适应滤除。实验表明提出算法对噪声点定位准确,在图像的恢复和保护图像细节方面对比其他算法有较大提高,对强噪声污染图像的恢复也有较好效果。     

RX architectures for real-time anomaly detection in hyperspectral images

In the field of hyperspectral image processing, anomaly detection (AD) is a deeply investigated task whose goal is to find objects in the image that are anomalous with respect to the background. In many operational scenarios, detection, classification and identification of anomalous spectral pixels have to be performed in real time to quickly furnish information for decision-making. In this framework, many studies concern the design of computationally efficient AD algorithms for hyperspectral images in order to assure real-time or nearly real-time processing. In this work, a sub-class of anomaly detection algorithms is considered, i.e., those algorithms aimed at detecting small rare objects that are anomalous with respect to their local background. Among such techniques, one of the most established is the Reed–Xiaoli (RX) algorithm, which is based on a local Gaussian assumption for background clutter and locally estimates its parameters by means of the pixels inside a window around the pixel under test (PUT). In the literature, the RX decision rule has been employed to develop computationally efficient algorithms tested in real-time systems. Initially, a recursive block-based parameter estimation procedure was adopted that makes the RX processing and the detection performance differ from those of the original RX. More recently, an update strategy has been proposed which relies on a line-by-line processing without altering the RX detection statistic. In this work, the above-mentioned RX real-time oriented techniques have been improved using a linear algebra-based strategy to efficiently update the inverse covariance matrix thus avoiding its computation and inversion for each pixel of the hyperspectral image. The proposed strategy has been deeply discussed pointing out the benefits introduced on the two analyzed architectures in terms of overall number of elementary operations required. The results show the benefits of the new strategy with respect to the original architectures.     

基于像素点聚类分离的滤波算法

为了提高受随机值脉冲噪声污染的图像的滤波效果,提出了一种新的滤波算法。对噪声图像进行初步滤波,分辨出图像中比较明显的噪声;根据图像局部像素点的相似性和噪声点的孤立性,计算出噪声图像的相关矩阵;运用模糊C均值聚类算法对所求相关矩阵进行迭代聚类,分离出噪声点和正常像素点;对噪声点进行中值滤波。实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,该算法能更好地滤除噪声点,保护了更多的图像细节,具有良好的滤波效果。     

Adaptive noise smoothing filter for images with signal-dependent noise

In this paper, we consider the restoration of images with signal-dependent noise. The filter is noise smoothing and adapts to local changes in image statistics based on a nonstationary mean, nonstationary variance (NMNV) image model. For images degraded by a class of uncorrelated, signal-dependent noise without blur, the adaptive noise smoothing filter becomes a point processor and is similar to Lee's local statistics algorithm [16]. The filter is able to adapt itself to the nonstationary local image statistics in the presence of different types of signal-dependent noise. For multiplicative noise, the adaptive noise smoothing filter is a systematic derivation of Lee's algorithm with some extensions that allow different estimators for the local image variance. The advantage of the derivation is its easy extension to deal with various types of signal-dependent noise. Film-grain and Poisson signal-dependent restoration problems are also considered as examples. All the nonstationary image statistical parameters needed for the filter can be estimated from the noisy image and no a priori information about the original image is required.     

基于极值的椒盐噪声滤波改进算法

为了在有效滤除椒盐噪声的同时更好地保护图像细节,提出一种基于极值的椒盐噪声滤波改进算法.算法首先进行噪声检测,将灰度值为0和255附近的像素点,且不构成5像素或以上直线的点作为噪声点,其余点作为信号点;然后进行噪声滤波,为了保护图像中的边缘、细节或细线,信号点不做任何处理,而对噪声点使用梯度法进行处理.Matlab仿真实验结果表明,新算法不仅能有效滤除椒盐噪声,在保护细节方面也取得了优于传统中值滤波算法的效果.     

Bayes理论和邻域平均法在图像去噪中的应用

去噪处理是图像处理中较为重要的环节。针对加噪后的图像的直方图进行分析,依据最小错误率贝叶斯决策和均值滤波理论,提出一种基于均值滤波和最小错误率贝叶斯决策的去噪方法。首先对加入噪声后的图像直方图进行统计,从中估计出服从分布的不同类别参数,对图像中每一像素点进行判断是否为噪声,对噪声点进行基于均值滤波的处理。通过试验,取得了良好的效果。