P2P点播系统的客户端磁盘缓存策略

在基于有服务器结构对等网络环境的点播系统中,针对客户端需要缓存部分流媒体数据的问题,提出一种新型预测双缓存模型,给出相应的缓存替换算法。仿真实验表明,该模型在用户数目增多时,客户端缓存的命中率大幅提高,服务器的负载得到改善,显著降低了VCR操作时所引起的等待延迟。     

结合CDN与P2P技术的混合流媒体系统研究

对基于CDN和P2P的流媒体系统进行了分析对比,指出了它们各自的优缺点,并根据因特网的结构特点,给出了一种结合这两种技术的混合流媒体系统的设计方案,提出了客户机端的内容缓存替换问题并给出了一种替换算法,对客户机离线的随机性与频繁性问题,文中给出了一种新的失效服务节点的快速替换查找策略。     

基于P2P的远程教学直播系统设计

针对目前基于客户机/服务器(C/S)模式的远程教学直播系统在大规模用户同时在线时的服务器瓶颈问题,提出了基于对等网络(P2P)的解决方案,并对一个现有的基于C/S模式的系统成功改造成基于P2P模式.改进后的系统对网络带宽和服务器处理能力要求明显降低,且容易部署,扩展性高,并发支持的用户数量大大增加.主要介绍了基于P2P系统的设计原理与体系结构,以及对现有一个基于C/S模式的远程教学直播系统的实现方法.     

基于云计算的P2P流媒体服务器集群部署算法

针对云计算数据中心网络（DCN）环境下,P2P流媒体服务器集群部署引起的较高带宽占用问题,提出了一种基于云计算的P2P流媒体服务器集群部署方法。该方法将P2P流媒体服务器集群部署建模为一个二次分配问题,并基于蚁群算法,寻找每个虚拟流媒体服务器与每个部署点之间的映射关系,实现基于云计算的P2P流媒体服务器集群部署。通过仿真实验证明,基于云计算的P2P流媒体服务器集群部署算法可以有效地减少云计算平台DCN网络带宽占用。     

基于改进粒子群算法的P2P流媒体数据调度策略

根据P2P流媒体数据调度特点,改进了粒子群优化算法,并提出适用于离散粒子群算法（MDPSOA）的数字串编码方式。调度策略引入资源紧急度以及资源稀缺度来选择调度数据片,然后用改进离散粒子群算法来进行节点寻优,找出最优调度节点集。最后通过实验仿真算法收敛性、数据调度时间、网络利用带宽和节点负载平衡,从而验证调度策略的可行性和有效性。     

Robust control in cloud assisted peer to peer live streaming systems

Existing live video streaming systems can be classified as server (cloud) based or as peer-to-peer (P2P). The client–server approach promises stability and (Quality of Service) QoS by incurring expensive bandwidth provision cost on the server. On the other hand, P2P architecture is scalable with low bandwidth and maintenance cost. Here we propose a cloud assisted P2P live streaming architecture which is scalable and stable. In order to achieve this we have developed: (i) a scalable gossip protocol that monitors dynamically the total available bandwidth resources of the participating peers, (ii) a control strategy that dynamically allocates the bandwidth that is required.The first step towards this direction is to create a theoretical model that captures the dynamic relationship between the total bandwidth surplus/deficit and peers’ bandwidth utilization in order to be able to apply a control theoretical approach. Moreover, we quantify the impact of monitoring inaccuracies and peers’ dynamic bandwidth changes and we calculate analytically, as a function of them, the minimum amount of bandwidth overprovision that ensures the undisturbed distribution of the stream. System is evaluated through a detailed simulator of a complete P2P live streaming system and testified the uninterrupted and complete stream delivery even in very adverse bandwidth changes.     

基于P2P的用户生产内容视频资源查找策略

现有用户生产内容(UGC)类视频系统通常采用C/S架构设计,导致了视频服务器极大的带宽压力。提出一种采用对等网(P2P)的在线短视频查找策略——FastSearch,其目的是利用视频资源之间的关联关系进行视频资源定位,以显著提高点播节点之间的视频分享效率并降低对视频服务器的带宽需求。实验表明FastSearch具备良好的视频数据源节点查找能力,集成了该查找策略的短视频系统能有效减少对视频服务器的带宽消耗。     

P2P和CDN中MDC流媒体的性能对比

文中检测并对比了基于多重描述编码(MDC)的流媒体在对等网(P2P)和内容分发网络(CDN)中的性能。多个服务器同时为一个客户请求提供相同的描述,这样提高了网络传输的可靠性,并增加了服务器的数据传输率。用ns-2网络模拟器实现了这两种方法,实验结果表明:虽然P2P网络存在高度不稳定的情况,但是基于P2P的MDC流视频的质量明显比CDN上的好。     

基于kademlia技术的实时流媒体传输

实时流媒体技术是当今最热门的网络应用.本文主要关注流媒体数据从数据源服务器传输到客户机的过程.让大家明白P2P思想是如何应用于流媒体传输的,流媒体的传输的实时性是如何实现的.     

基于P2P视频点播技术的流媒体平台设计与开发

随着流媒体应用在Internet上的流行,传统C/S模式的流媒体服务系统已经不能满足流媒体对服务器性能和高带宽的要求,严重阻碍了流媒体业务质量的提高和容量的扩大。本文介绍一种基于P2P网络的流媒体播放技术,它将P2P网络技术和流媒体技术结合起来,充分利用客户计算机的资源,减轻流媒体服务器和网络负载,突破了传统的流媒体播放系统带宽瓶颈,能够保持播放节目流完整而流畅。本文还采用MVC模式和Java语言以面向对象方法设计和开发P2P流媒体网站,利用P2P流媒体技术,实现校园流媒体的视频点播。     

基于P2P的流媒体技术

现有的流媒体系统一般是基于客户／服务器模式和IP组播技术,这限制了用户数量且IP组播需先得到ISP支持,故其发展受到很大限制。而在P2P网络中,每个接收数据的用户同时向外转发数据,这就充分利用了以往忽视的客户机资源。首先指出了P2P流媒体应用中所面临的挑战,并着重从应用层多播树、网络异构性、激励机制等方面阐述了P2P流媒体的研究现状,分析讨论了存在的问题,最后指出进一步的研究方向。     

P2P流媒体Cache的置换算法

P2P流媒体cache是一种有效减少带宽开销、提高对象利用率的技术,通常采用FIFO,LRU等算法置换内容.然而,流媒体不同于Web对象,P2P网络也有别于客户/服务器模式.在分布式应用中这些算法可能影响系统的性能,为此,分析了FIFO和LRU置换算法,提出了基于供求关系的SD算法,以及基于分片副本数量的REP算法,并对其进行评估和比较.针对不同的节点到达间隔,将SD和REP同FIFO,LRU进行比较,发现在启动延迟、媒体副本数量和根节点依赖度方面SD和REP几乎均优于FIFO和LRU.同LSB(least sent bytes)算法相比,某些场景中SD的启动延迟减少了约40%,而REP在副本数量方面远远超过LSB的结果,说明在P2P网络流媒体服务中使用SD和REP缓存置换算法有助于提高系统性能.     

P2P流媒体的数据调度算法

数据驱动型覆盖网络中的数据调度算法是影响P2P流媒体系统性能的重要因素,为了解决当前算法未能有效利用数据块和节点的特性导致流媒体服务质量差的问题,提出了一种基于数据块优先级和节点能力度的数据调度算法。该算法能够根据数据块的稀缺性、紧迫性得到块的优先级大小,根据节点的上行带宽、在线时间、相对距离得到节点能力度的大小,使优先级高的数据块和能力度大的节点优先被请求,减少了数据块的播放等待时间。在OPNET网络仿真实验表明该算法能够有效降低流媒体播放系统的启动延时和服务器的负载。     

Analysis of a CDN–P2P hybrid architecture for cost-effective streaming media distribution

To distribute video and audio data in real-time streaming mode, two different technologies – Content Distribution Network (CDN) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) – have been proposed. However, both technologies have their own limitations: CDN servers are expensive to deploy and maintain, and consequently incur a cost for media providers and/or clients for server capacity reservation. On the other hand, a P2P-based architecture requires sufficient number of seed supplying peers to jumpstart the distribution process. Compared with a CDN server, a peer usually offers much lower out-bound streaming rate and hence multiple peers must jointly stream a media data to a requesting peer. Furthermore, it is not clear how to determine how much a peer should contribute back to the system after receiving the media data, in order to sustain the overall media distribution capacity.In this paper, we propose and analyze a novel hybrid architecture that integrates both CDN- and P2P-based streaming media distribution. The architecture is highly cost-effective: it significantly lowers the cost of CDN capacity reservation, without compromising the media quality delivered. In particular, we propose and compare different limited contribution policies for peers that request a media data, so that the streaming capacity of each peer can be exploited on a fair and limited basis. We present: (1) in-depth analysis of the proposed architecture under different contribution policies, and (2) extensive simulation results which validate the analysis. Our analytical and simulation results form a rigorous basis for the planning and dimensioning of the hybrid architecture.     

流媒体缓存代理单一流映像机制与流预取策略研究

为了解决传统的流媒体服务模式（客户端/服务器）中存在的流媒体服务器负载重、客户端播放抖动频繁等问题,本文详细研究了实现流媒体缓存代理的单一流映像机制,并针对缓存代理端的接收和发送阶段提出了实现这一机制的相关算法.同时在深入研究流预取理论模型的基础上,创新性地提出了基于RTCP包反馈和RTP包网络延迟的流预取策略,从而保证了客户端的播放质量.测试表明单一流映像机制的正确性和流预取策略的高效性.     

P2P流媒体系统中基于声望的节点故障检测方法

针对P2P流媒体系统中由于复杂的网络环境与节点的高度动态性而导致系统整体可用性偏低的问题,进行深入分析,提出了一种基于声望的节点故障检测方法,该方法能够根据节点的反馈构建目标节点的声望,从而有效地检测节点故障。理论分析和仿真结果表明:该方法能够充分利用网络节点的资源,有效地减轻了索引服务器的负载,准确地检测了系统中的故障节点。     

基于P2P的流媒体客户端缓存管理机制的研究

针对在基于P2P的点播系统中,由于客户端缓存区没有得到高效的利用而影响流媒体点播系统的服务质量问题,提出了一种新的基于混合P2P的流媒体点播模型P2P_VOD,该模型将客户端缓存分为三个区,并详细阐述了客户端节点缓存区的缓存替换机制,综合考虑了数据块备份量的均衡性和节点VCR操作的命中率,使得节目数据块在各节点间缓存得到全局优化并有效缓解了服务器负载。通过仿真对比实验,验证了该模型在启动延迟和服务器负载方面的优越性。     

CollectCast: A peer-to-peer service for media streaming

We present CollectCast, a peer-to-peer (P2P) service for media streaming where a receiver peer is served by multiple sender peers. CollectCast operates at the application level but infers underlying network properties to correlate end-to-end connections between peers. The salient features of CollectCast include: (1) a novel multisender selection method that exploits the performance correlation and dependency among connections between different candidate senders and the receiver, (2) a customization of network tomography techniques and demonstration of improved practicality and efficiency, and (3) an aggregation-based P2P streaming mechanism that sustains receiver-side quality in the presence of sender/network dynamics and degradation. We have performed both real-world (on PlanetLab) and simulation evaluation of CollectCast. Our simulation results show that for a receiver, CollectCast makes better selection of multiple senders than other methods that do not infer underlying network properties. Our PlanetLab experiments are performed using a P2P media streaming application (called PROMISE) which we developed on top of CollectCast. Both packet-level and frame-level performance of MPEG-4 video streaming demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of CollectCast.     

P2P流媒体技术飞速发展

P2P流媒体技术,也称为对等网络(peer-to-peer)技术,简单地说,就是一种用户不经过中继设备直接交换数据或服务的技术。它将目前互联网的"内容位于中心"模式改变为"内容位于边缘"模式,将权利交还给用户。在这种架构中,每个节点的地位都相同,具备客户端和服务器的双重特性,可以同时作为服务使用者和服务提供者。该文将为读者讲述在P2P流媒体技术的原理以及应用,希望能使大家对这种现阶段应用广泛,发展迅速的流媒体技术有一定的了解。     

A survey on peer-to-peer video streaming systems

Video-over-IP applications have recently attracted a large number of users on the Internet. Traditional client-server based video streaming solutions incur expensive bandwidth provision cost on the server. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking is a new paradigm to build distributed network applications. Recently, several P2P streaming systems have been deployed to provide live and on-demand video streaming services on the Internet at low server cost. In this paper, we provide a survey on the existing P2P solutions for live and on-demand video streaming. Representative P2P streaming systems, including tree, multi-tree and mesh based systems are introduced. We describe the challenges and solutions of providing live and on-demand video streaming in P2P environment. Open research issues on P2P video streaming are also discussed.