浅谈船舶CAD软件开发的几个问题

就船舶ＣＡＤ软件的现状与开发工发工作提出了一些看法，内容包括：船型ＣＡＤ软件的现状、ＮＵＲＢＳ方法的提出与国内外应用现状、国内船舶ＣＡＤ软件开发工作中存在的问题、在船舶ＣＡＤ软件开发过程中应注意引进各种先进的计算机技术。     

一个适用于IC—CAD系统的设计库管理系统及其改进

当前，开发以数据库为核心集成化ＣＡＤ系统已迫在眉睫。本文简单回顾了工程数据库的发展背景，然后介绍一个适用于ＩＣ－ＣＡＤ系统的设计管理系统ＩＣＤ－ＭＳ，着重讨论了对该系统的一些改进。经测试，改进以后的ＩＣＤＭＳ的功能有明显的增强和改善。     

XYZ系统中的速成原型示范及其支持工具

速成原型示范作为一种新型的软件开发方法正受到人们广泛的重视，ＸＹＺ系统是一种以时序逻辑为基础为适应多种设计方式的ＣＡＳＥ环境，它所支持的软件开发方法是“以逐步求精方式，进行形式描述，验证或速成原型示范，直到得出可有效执行的程序”的方法，这种方法不仅能使从抽象描述到可有效执行的程序的逐步演化过程中的每步求精自然简明，而且能对每步求精的结果进行正确性评估、尽早发现问题、解决问题。本文着重介绍半讨论运用     

提高软件开发质量和效率的方法研究

通过对生命周期模型、原型模型优缺点的比较,结构化分析和设计方法不足之处的阐述,以及标准对象建模语言ＵＭＬ及其支持的ＣＡＳＥ工具,提出在软件开发中,实现以面向对象ＣＡＳＥ工具支持的原型系统开发模式,是提高软件开发质量和效率的有效途径之一。     

一个适用于IC－CAD系统的设计库管理系统及其改进

当前，开发以数据库为核心的集成化ＣＡＤ系统已迫在眉睫。本文简单回顾了工程数据库的发展背景，然后介绍一个适用于ＩＣ－ＣＡＤ系统的设计库管理系统ＩＣＤＭＳ，着重讨论了对该系统的一些改进。经测试，改进以后的ＩＣＤＭＳ的功能有明显的增强和改善。     

基于道路集成CAD系统的小桥涵绘图

本文分析了小桥涵设计绘图及其ＣＡＤ 软件的现状情况，从软件集成化思路出发，介绍了基于道路集成ＣＡＤ 系统（ＲＩＣＡＤ） 开发小桥涵绘图的思想、方法及实现的功能。     

基于可重用方法的库与应用程序接口开发环境

当前，开发以数据库为核心的集成化ＣＡＤ系统已迫在眉睫，为支持这种集成化，提供一个能自动生成数据库和应用程序之间接口的开发环境是很重要的手段之一．本文在分析了这种接口程序的功能和一般结构以后，提出了一个基于可重用方法的库与应用程序接口开发环境的总体模型──ＤＤＢＵＩＳ，试图结合两种支持复用的方法自动生成库与应用程序之间的接口，并为软件开发人员在开发其他系统时提供可重用的支持．     

BASIC图形模式下电路图绘制CAD软件开发及其应用

本文介绍了一种在低档ＰＣ机上用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言开发电子线路原理图绘制软件的开发应用实例，与ＳＢ－１小型绘图机可组成价廉物美的实用电路图绘制ＣＡＤ系统。目前国内主要应用的电子线路原理图ＣＡＤ软件当属１９８７年美国Ａｃｃｅｌ公司推出的Ｔａｎｇｏ－Ｓｃｈｅｍａｔｉｃ电路原理图编辑软件，由于其系统规模较大，一般要求装入硬盘运行，且需配备昂贵的ＨＰ绘图仪支持，一般单位很少装备。我们用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言在普通低档ＰＣ微机上开发了一种与国产ＳＢ－１小型绘图机配套使用的电路原理图ＣＡＤ软件ＫＩＮＤＷＯＲＫ，基本兼备Ｔａｎｇｏ的全部功能，由于硬件价格低廉，命令简单易学，较适用于小型企业和学校。     

以OOEDB为核心的集成化CAD/CAPP/CAM 系统GS-ICCC的设计与实现

ＧＳ－ＩＣＣＣ是一个以自行研制开发的面向对象工程数据库管理系统ＯＳＣＡＲ为核心的集成化ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ系统，它的主要特点是按照ＳＴＥＰ标准在全局产品数据模型基础上实现ＣＡＤ，ＣＡＰＰ，ＣＡＭ的信息集成，本文围绕着这一原则介绍了ＧＳ－ＩＣＣＣ的系统总体结构，ＯＳＣＡＲ功能组织，全局产品数据建模框架以系统集成的设计与实现。     

支持地球科学的软件复用(英文)

地球科学研究中数据的准备、分发、访问、处理和分析都依赖于计算机软件。科学结果的重复通常需要复用同样的软件。同样,科学数据的有效分发、访问或者分析也都需要进行软件复用。地球科学软件开发社区已经意识到了软件复用的价值,并且在社区内大力鼓励和培育软件复用。因此,他们成立了 NASA 地球科学数据系统( ESDS) 软件复用工作组( WG) 来支持社区成员之间的软件复用。工作组开发了软件复用门户来发布软件复用相关的信息、资源,并且提供培训来提高和改进整个社区的软件复用实践。工作组还开发了一个复用支持系统( RES) 原型系统来支持可复用软件的访问。此外, 工作组还制定了复用成熟度级别, 从而提高了评估和选择可复用软件的能力。     

PL/M codes mixing on single-board systems

For 8-bit microprocessors, there is no immediate software solution to the problem raised by block-structured procedures, ROM implanted and called from a program located in a memory area. What happens with the debugging and evaluation of application software intended for a single-board system is that the modules have to be tested one by one through the target system before they are gradually implemented into ROM. The use of an incircuit emulator prevents this difficulty from occurring but, as most of the time only one emulator is available for a few teams, its use seems to be restricted to integration into the hardware.This paper describes a software interface which allows the ROM-implemented code and the RAM-implemented code to communicate. It is thus possible to allocate the code obtained using a high-level language at two noncontiguous locations, the first in ROM for the procedures already checked and the second in RAM for the procedures to be debugged. The use of a monitor allows the debugging of the critical parts and the evaluation of all the software before burning it permanently into ROM.     

Quick and simple procedures to assess software reliability and facilitate project management

A software reliability model is considered that is easy to implement, use, and interpret. The model works extremely well in the latter stages of testing. A complete history of failures does not need to be stored in a data base or maintained. This reduces the cost of assessing software reliability. Furthermore, it is possible to use the model to estimate software reliability when failure statistics have not been extensively collected. Various estimation procedures are discussed that can aid in project planning. The use of these estimation procedures is illustrated through two sets of actual failure data.     

浅谈软件测试和嵌入式软件测试

软件测试是保证软件质量,提高软件可靠性的关键。软件测试过程主要分为四个测试步骤:单元测试、集成测试、系统测试和验收测试。软件测试应该遵守其基本原则,包括尽早和不断地进行软件测试、避免由程序员检查自己的程序等。嵌入式系统是指以嵌入式应用为目的的计算机系统,具有其特殊功能。嵌入式软件测试主要有白盒测试与黑盒测试两种方法,有性能分析工具、内存分析工具等多种分析工具。     

Trends in the use of verbal protocol analysis in software engineering research

This article reviews the technique of verbal protocol analysis and gives a profile of its use within software engineering research over the last two decades. An overview is given of the procedures used in verbal protocol analysis, and commonly-found difficulties in the application of the technique by researchers are described. The article reports on published efforts to develop tools to automate the procedures. A review of the literature shows trends in the use of the verbal protocol analysis in software engineering research from the 1980s to the present. Recurring themes of its purpose within software engineering research are identified, including the comparison of the behaviours of subjects with differing levels of expertise and the identification of effective software comprehension strategies. Advances and problems with the development of a general-purpose encoding scheme for verbal protocol analysis appropriate to a range of domains within software engineering are described.     

人工心脏瓣膜体外检测装置软件开发

针对我国的人工心脏瓣膜检测装置缺乏的情况下,设计了一套人工心脏瓣膜体外血流动力学检测装置,其软件部分在Visual Basic 6.0环境下根据控制要求对PMAC运动控制器进行二次开发;主要包括三个部分:上位机的用户界面程序、上下位机的通信驱动程序和运动程序,可以进行参数整定和实验结果查询,能满足实际应用要求。     

计算机软件的日常管理与维护研究

随着科技的高速发展,计算机已经变得与我们的生活息息相关.而针对于计算机的使用,我们除了了解正确的使用方法,更要明白计算机的日常管理与维护.计算机的软硬件对于计算机而言是不可或缺的两个部分.计算机软件,是指计算机程序中的数据文档和程序.软件是以及计算机及计算机正常运营的重要依据.所以,我们在使用计算机软件的时候,也必须主义对于计算机软件日常管理和维护的进行深入研究.     

HeiDATAProVIT-Heidelberg data archiving, tag assembling, processing and visualization tool

The demands that have to be met by software tools for biomedical data evaluation strongly differ depending on the background of their application. In clinical routine emphasis is placed on ease of handling and application of standardized procedures, whereas in biomedical research the main focus lies on flexibility and extensibility. These contradictory requirements are reflected by the design principles of existing software solutions: programs for routine application are barely extensible or modifiable by the user and the complexity of highly flexible data processing tools for research purposes hampers the application of new methods to larger data volumes. This gap poses technical difficulties to the transfer of methods from research into clinical routine. The software we present in this paper bridges this discrepancy by incorporating two different levels of application. The lower level offers options to integrate custom written MATLAB((R)) processing routines and to add new evaluation schemes to a pool of existing procedures. The higher level allows for performing standard evaluations by accessing and applying these previously defined procedures. Four basic concepts were introduced to ensure that the program is both maximally flexible on a lower level and readily applicable on a higher level: the tag concept, the concept of modularized visualization, the dummy file concept, and the batchjob concept. These concepts are the key to flexibly assemble and apply the three universal stages of data evaluation: (1) archiving of acquired data, (2) processing the data using signal processing algorithms and (3) visualizing the results in appropriate graphical formats. The present paper illustrates the four concepts within the two levels of the software architecture. The basic functionality and usefulness of the program are demonstrated using an evaluation of gait analysis data as sample application. In summary, this software tool closely integrates a database for biomedical datasets and an extensible pool of evaluation and visualization procedures realized using MATLAB((R)). It is well suited both for data processing in clinical routine and for evaluation of measurement data in any medical research project.     

软件相似性分析算法的研究综述

软件相似性分析算法是为了更好地保护软件的知识产权。此算法并不会加固程序以增加其抵御攻击的能力,而是对两个或两个以上的程序进行比较,判断是否相互包含。该算法有重复代码筛选、软件作者鉴别、软件“胎记”和剽窃检测,它们最本质的操作就是直接处理程序的源码或二进制可执行文件,将其转换成一种更易于处理的表示形式,从而确定两个程序(或者程序片段)之间的相似度,或是其中一个(部分或全部)是否包含了另一个。最后总结出此类算法的通用格式,并对每种算法作出相应的分析综述表。     

Predictive modeling techniques of software quality from softwaremeasures

The objective in the construction of models of software quality is to use measures that may be obtained relatively early in the software development life cycle to provide reasonable initial estimates of the quality of an evolving software system. Measures of software quality and software complexity to be used in this modeling process exhibit systematic departures of the normality assumptions of regression modeling. Two new estimation procedures are introduced, and their performances in the modeling of software quality from software complexity in terms of the predictive quality and the quality of fit are compared with those of the more traditional least squares and least absolute value estimation techniques. The two new estimation techniques did produce regression models with better quality of fit and predictive quality when applied to data obtained from two software development projects     

Software testing and preventive quality assurance for metrology

Software controlled measuring systems can be approved with the help of different kinds of conformity assessment techniques based either on the final product, the product design or corresponding development and production processes. To validate the software as an integral part of the measuring system, different approaches of software quality assurance have to be applied for different conformity assessment procedures. There are two essential categories of software quality assurance, both of which supplement each other. On the one hand side, analytical methods of software testing, static analysis, and code inspection are used in the scope of conformity assessments of final or intermediate products. On the other hand, preventive audits of software development processes are applied to evaluate and improve appropriate software processes and to consequently support process related conformity assessment procedures. Depending on the validation objectives, validation methods, audit areas, and the appropriate requirements have to be selected and refined. A major problem of validation efforts, namely the process of defining and refining testable requirements, can be solved with the help of international software standards. In Germany, the accredited software testing laboratory at PTB supports software quality in metrology.