重节点埃尔米特插值算法与程序实现

研究了具有任意阶导数信息Hermite插值问题,使用广义差商的一种新的表示方法和构造广义差商表的一种新方法,给出具有任意阶导数信息Hermite插值算法和程序实现,拓展了牛顿差商插值公式和余项公式。     

基于球摆模型的离散变分积分子算法研究

在动力学系统长时间的仿真计算中,力学系统固有的结构将影响到计算精度及稳定性.离散变分积分子能够保持力学系统的能量,动量及辛结构的守恒.结合离散变分原理,通过对系统的拉格朗日函数进行离散化以及求变分和积分的过程,可以得到力学系统的离散变分积分子算法.该算法是一种递归算法,给定初始条件便可得到系统的动力学参数的时间历程.使用该原理可以构造具有完整约束的拉格朗日系统的辛-动量积分子方法.与连续算法相比,离散变分积分子算法能够直接在离散拉格朗日函数的基础上得到姿态与角速度的递推公式,而不需要复杂的迭代计算.本文研究是基于第一类拉格朗日函数的离散变分积分子算法.球摆模型是一个具有完整约束的拉格朗日系统.仿真结果表明,系统的能量值在长时间的仿真中得到保持,且计算的精度与步长的数量级呈现二次方的关系,系统角速度和姿态的仿真结果都符合球摆的运动规律.     

PSO算法在含一阶导数变分问题中的应用

变分问题是一个研究泛函极值的经典数学问题,寻求变分问题的直接解法具有重要的理论和现实意义.鉴于PSO算法在极值问题中的广泛应用,利用分段Hermite插值.建立了求解含一阶导数的变分问题优化模型,构造出了适应度函数,从而使得PSO算法成功应用到变分问题的求解当中.数值实验结果表明了方法的可行性,同时也拓展了PSO算法的应用领域.     

四次Hermite曲线的构造及其特性

在Hermite曲线插值理论基础上,针对工程应用中的特殊要求,提出了四次Hermite捅值曲线的概念．所构造的四次Hermite曲线满足给定点位置矢量和一阶导数矢量的条件,保证构造曲线处于给定锥面上,达到准双曲面齿轮轮廓曲线的插值精度要求．     

三次Hermite插值曲线的细化优化

在给定端点及其切矢方向的条件下,通过在相邻两节点之间插入一个中间节点,研究三次Hermite插值曲线的优化问题．如果以与曲率有关的二阶导数为目标,证明插入节点与不插入节点的情形是一样的,体现三次Hermite插值曲线的一种特性．如果以与挠率有关的三阶导数为目标,给出优化三次Hermite曲线的计算公式,从而提出一种新的曲线构造方法．实例表明了方法的有效性．     

非线性保守系统周期运动的Hermite插值解法

提出了非线性保守系统周期运动的Hermite插值解法.该方法首先将时间转换为周期运动时间,由此系统的微分方程变为适用于Hermite插值的形式.与Qaisi提出的传统幂级数法不同,采用两点Hermite插值函数代替一点幂级数展开,保证了求解的收敛性及精度.使用Hermite插值解法给出了一类非线性振子的近似通解.研究表明,该近似通解不但可用于进一步分析振子的振动特性,且具有较高精度.     

三次Hermite插值的扩展及其应用

在总结分析三次Hermite插值多项式的基础上，对三次Hermite插值公式进行了推广和扩展。通过改变三次Hermite插值的初始条件．得到了扩展的插值多项式计算公式。给出了扩展的三次Hermite插值格式的有理函数的近似表示方法以及有理函数的数值积分算法。     

带参数的四次Hermite插值样条

为了克服标准三次Hermite插值样条的不足,给出了一种带参数的四次Hermite插值样条,具有标准三次Hermite插值样条完全相同的性质。在插值条件给定时,四次Hermite插值样条的形状可通过改变参数的取值进行调控。通过选择合适的参数,四次Hermite曲线能达到C2连续,而且其整体逼近效果要好于标准三次Hermite插值样条。所提出的新样条进一步丰富了Hermite插值样条理论,也为工程中插值曲线曲面的构造提供了一种新方法。     

多刚体动力学仿真的李群变分积分算法

刚体的构形可用其质心位置和姿态矩阵描述.刚体的位置可以在欧几里得空间中表示，但是其姿态矩阵是在李群上演化的.由于李群独特的非线性性质，基于欧氏空间的多体动力学建模与数值算法难以完全真实地描述系统的动力学特性，特别是长时间历程的动力学特性.本文基于几何力学理论，首先根据离散Hamilton变分原理与离散Legendre变换，建立了多刚体系统的Hamilton体系李群变分积分公式.其次，给出李群变分积分公式的两种离散格式：一般离散格式和RATTLie离散格式.最后，采用这两种不同离散格式构建的算法计算了重力作用下空间刚体双摆的动力学问题，对比研究了算法在保持系统群结构、系统能量等方面的性质.计算结果表明，RATTLie离散格式较一般格式精度更高，且能更好地保持系统群结构与能量.     

基于Lagrange插值多项式拟合的力学系统的变分积分子

变分积分子是通过直接离散变分原理得到的一类特殊的动力学系统的数值差分格式,较之传统差分格式呈现出明显的计算优越性.由离散Euler-Lagrange方程的形式可知,变分积分子的构造过程最终归结为计算离散Lagrange函数的偏导数,其中离散Lagrange函数是Lagrange函数在单个时间步长的积分,通常由经典求积公式近似得到.根据离散Lagrange函数的积分表达式,解析计算其偏导数会随之衍生一个新的且与连续Euler-Lagrange方程密切关联的积分,因此,构造变分积分子就可以不再以通过经典求积公式得到的具体形式的离散Lagrange函数为前提,而是可以直接基于一组离散结点近似新衍生的积分.在这些离散结点处,如果进一步让系统的拟合轨迹严格满足Euler-Lagrange方程,即运动方程,那么新的积分自动为零,相应地,计算离散Lagrange函数的偏导数就简化为计算连续Lagrange函数关于速度变量的偏导数.这种新的构造方式同时结合了连续和离散的Euler-Lagrange方程,不仅让最终得到的差分格式仍然继承了变分积分子特有的优越计算性能,而且在同阶精度的情况下具有更小的局部误差.     

A Hermite‐Lobatto Pseudospectral Method for Optimal Control

A pseudospectral (PS) method based on Hermite interpolation and collocation at the Legendre‐Gauss‐Lobatto (LGL) points is presented for direct trajectory optimization and costate estimation of optimal control problems. A major characteristic of this method is that the state is approximated by the Hermite interpolation instead of the commonly used Lagrange interpolation. The derivatives of the state and its approximation at the terminal time are set to match up by using a Hermite interpolation. Since the terminal state derivative is determined from the dynamic, the state approximation can automatically satisfy the dynamic at the terminal time. When collocating the dynamic at the LGL points, the collocation equation for the terminal point can be omitted because it is constantly satisfied. By this approach, the proposed method avoids the issue of the Legendre PS method where the discrete state variables are over‐constrained by the collocation equations, hence achieving the same level of solution accuracy as the Gauss PS method and the Radau PS method, while retaining the ability to explicitly generate the control solution at the endpoints. A mapping relationship between the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker multipliers of the nonlinear programming problem and the costate of the optimal control problem is developed for this method. The numerical example illustrates that the use of the Hermite interpolation as described leads to the ability to produce both highly accurate primal and dual solutions for optimal control problems.     

A type insensitive code for delay differential equations basing on adaptive and explicit Runge-Kutta interpolation methods

For the numerical solution of initial value problems for delay differential equations with constant delay a partitioned Runge-Kutta interpolation method is studied which integrates the whole system either as a stiff or as a nonstiff one in subintervals. This algorithm is based on an adaptive Runge-Kutta interpolation method for stiff delay equations and on an explicit Runge-Kutta interpolation method for nonstiff delay equations. The retarded argument is approximated by appropriate Lagrange or Hermite interpolation. The algorithm takes advantage of the knowledge of the first points of jump discontinuities. An automatic stiffness detection and a stepsize control are presented. Finally, numerical tests and comparisons with other methods are made on a great number of problems including real-life problems.     

A new method for the computation of all stabilizing controllers of a given order

A new method is given for computing the set of all stabilizing controllers of a given order for linear, time invariant, scalar plants. The method is based on a generalized Hermite–Biehler theorem and the successive application of a modified constant gain stabilizing algorithm to subsidiary plants. It is applicable to both continuous and discrete time systems.     

Efficient automatic integration of ordinary differential equations with discontinuities

This paper describes a method of automatically detecting and accurately locating discontinuities which occur in many applications of ordinary differential equations. The integration formula is a Runge-Kutta so chosen that accurate values between integration points can be found by Hermite interpolation.The efficiency of the method arises from two sources: (i) the classification of discontinuities into two types, known as time and state events; and (ii) the location of state events using Hermite interpolation.     

代数重建技术中加权研究及其快速实现

在用代数重建技术（ART）进行图像重建时，其重建精度及速度始终是研究的两个重要方面．为提高重建精度，利用加权函数对方程组系数进行加权处理。对于用加权函数对方程组进行加权时大大增加的计算量，针对锥束情况提出用离散线性插值法求取权值，其在保证精度的前提下，提高了迭代重建速度．通过对一板壳构件断层重建计算机模拟结果表明，此加权处理后图像质量明显改善，同时利用离散线性插值法可将重建速度提高近30倍。     

A generalized finite-difference method based on minimizing global residual

An improved generalized finite-difference method is proposed in this paper, as an alternative meshless method to solve differential equations. The method establishes discrete equations by minimizing a global residual. A general frame for constructing difference schemes is first described. As one choice the moving least square method is used in this paper. Compared with other generalized finite-difference methods, the improved method yields a set of discrete equations having the favorable properties such as symmetric, positive definite and well conditioned. Compared with meshless methods based on a variational principle or a weak form, the method described in this paper does not need a numerical integration and thus provides an alternative way to avoid the difficulties in implementing a numerical integration. In the proposed method there is no such inconvenience in applying essential boundary conditions as commonly encountered in other meshless methods. Numerical examples show that the improved method has a high convergence rate and can produce accurate results even with a coarse mesh.     

Mixed least-squares finite element model for the static analysis of laminated composite plates

This paper presents a mixed finite element model for the static analysis of laminated composite plates. The formulation is based on the least-squares variational principle, which is an alternative approach to the mixed weak form finite element models. The mixed least-squares finite element model considers the first-order shear deformation theory with generalized displacements and stress resultants as independent variables. Specifically, the mixed model is developed using equal-order C⁰ Lagrange interpolation functions of high p-levels along with full integration. This mixed least-squares-based discrete model yields a symmetric and positive-definite system of algebraic equations. The predictive capability of the proposed model is demonstrated by numerical examples of the static analysis of four laminated composite plates, with different boundary conditions and various side-to-thickness ratios. Particularly, the mixed least-squares model with high-order interpolation functions is shown to be insensitive to shear-locking.     

Generalized rational Bézier curves for the rigid body motion design

In this paper, we present a new method for the smooth interpolation of the orientations of a rigid body motion. The method is based on the geometrical Hermite interpolation in a hypersphere. However, the non-Euclidean structure of a sphere brings a great challenge to the interpolation problem. For this consideration and the requirements for practical application, we construct the spherical analogue of classical rational Bézier curves, called generalized rational Bézier curves. The new spherical curves are obtained using the generalized rational de Casteljau algorithm, which is a generalization of the classical rational de Casteljau algorithm to a hypersphere. Then, \(G^2\) Hermite interpolation problem in hypersphere is solved analytically using the generalized rational Bézier curve of degree 5. The new method offers residual free parameters including shape parameters and weights, which guarantee the existence of the interpolant to arbitrary motion data and offer great flexibility for the shape design of the motion. Numerical examples show that our method is far better behaved according to the energy functional which is regarded as a measure of the motion shape.     

基于Hermite曲线的机器人足球射门算法

机器人足球比赛是关于人工智能的新兴研究领域,它集数学算法、多智能体、机械设计、控制理论等多个学科于一体,是先进科学技术的发展代表。在机器人足球比赛中,射门和传球是两个最基本的动作。提高动作的速度以及准确性、连贯性是提高动作效率的关键。本文提出一种基于Hermite插值曲线的机器人足球射门算法。利用Hermite插值曲线的数学特性,可以使机器人在满足一定速度的基础上,连续、准确地完成射门或传球动作,并且能大幅度地提高射门或传球的效率。本文以FIRA5：5仿真平台为背景,结合试验证明,利用此方法可以较好地提高射门的成功率。     

Least-squares finite element formulation for shear-deformable shells

We present a least-squares based finite element formulation for the numerical analysis of shear-deformable shell structures. The variational problem is obtained by minimizing the least-squares functional, defined as the sum of the squares of the shell equilibrium equations residuals measured in suitable norms of Hilbert spaces. The use of least-squares principles leads to a variational unconstrained minimization problem where compatibility conditions between approximation spaces never arise, i.e. stability requirements such as inf–sup conditions never arise. The proposed formulation retains the generalized displacements and stress resultants as independent variables and, in view of the nature of the variational setting upon which the finite element model is built, allows for equal-order interpolation. A p-type hierarchical basis is used to construct the discrete finite element model based on the least-squares formulation. Exponentially fast decay of the least-squares functional is verified for increasing order of the modal expansions. Several well established benchmark problems are solved to demonstrate the predictive capability of the least-squares based shell elements. Shell elements based on this formulation are shown to be effective in both membrane- and bending-dominated states.