一种复杂背景下的人脸检测方法

针对在复杂背景下现有人脸检测算法存在检测率低和误检率高等问题,提出了一种基于改进AdaBoost算法和肤色校验相结合的彩色图像人脸检测方法.首先对传统AdaBoost算法进行了改进,通过改进样本权值参数和弱分类器加权参数,有效地抑制了困难样本权值的过分增大,加强了分类器对样本的识别能力,并提高了系统的检测率;然后将Ad...     

A data mining approach to face detection

In this paper, we propose a novel face detection method based on the MAFIA algorithm. Our proposed method consists of two phases, namely, training and detection. In the training phase, we first apply Sobel's edge detection operator, morphological operator, and thresholding to each training image, and transform it into an edge image. Next, we use the MAFIA algorithm to mine the maximal frequent patterns from those edge images and obtain the positive feature pattern. Similarly, we can obtain the negative feature pattern from the complements of edge images. Based on the feature patterns mined, we construct a face detector to prune non-face candidates. In the detection phase, we apply a sliding window to the testing image in different scales. For each sliding window, if the slide window passes the face detector, it is considered as a human face. The proposed method can automatically find the feature patterns that capture most of facial features. By using the feature patterns to construct a face detector, the proposed method is robust to races, illumination, and facial expressions. The experimental results show that the proposed method has outstanding performance in the MIT-CMU dataset and comparable performance in the BioID dataset in terms of false positive and detection rate.     

基于肤色分割、区域分析和模板分布的人脸检测研究

提出了一种基于肤色分割、区域分析和模板分布的彩色图像人脸检测算法。首先对输入的彩色图像利用混合高斯模型和亮度模型进行分割,然后根据人脸五官的结构特征对得到的区域进一步分析处理,获得所有可能的候选人脸。接着构造了一种基于双眼和人脸模板的概率模型并利用其对候选人脸进行最终检测。实验结果表明,文章提出的算法具有较高的检测正确率和自适应能力;同时具有快速的检测速度。     

Faces detection method based on skin color modeling

This study suggests a method to improve the speed of a sliding window type of face detector by way of skin color region detection. The face detection method by way of skin color region detection has been studied in various perspectives: Complicated background images because of the area whose color is similar to the skin color cause high false positive rates. In contrast, the face detection method based on appearance, which adopts a sliding window type, may involve high face detection rates but cause tremendous computational costs in the process of detection scanning as the image size increases, whereas the processing time is also extended accordingly. This study suggests a method to control the subwindow size and detection area of a sliding window by detecting and using the skin color region with the processing time reduced. By means of a face detector with haar wavelet and LBP features, 274 images were collected online in addition to Bao database images, and then an experiment was conducted with them. As a result, the face detection time in utilization of an existing sliding window decreased down to a maximum of 47%.     

基于颜色和特征匹配的视频图像人脸检测实现技术

A face detection method using statistical skin-color model and facial feature matching is presented in this paper.According to skin-color distribution in YUV color space,we develope a statistical skin-color model through interactive sample training and learning.Using this method we convert the color image to binary image and then segment face-candidate regions in the video images.In order to improve the quality of binary image and remove unwanted noises,filtering and mathematical morphology are empolied.After these two processing,we use facial feature matching for further detection.The presence or absence of a face in each region is verified by means of mouth detector based on a template matching method.The experimental results show the proposed method has the features of high speed and high efficiency,but also robust to face variation to some extent.So it is suitable to be applied to real-time face detection and tracking in video sequences.     

Hybrid-boost learning for multi-pose face detection and facial expression recognition

This paper proposes a hybrid-boost learning algorithm for multi-pose face detection and facial expression recognition. To speed-up the detection process, the system searches the entire frame for the potential face regions by using skin color detection and segmentation. Then it scans the skin color segments of the image and applies the weak classifiers along with the strong classifier for face detection and expression classification. This system detects human face in different scales, various poses, different expressions, partial-occlusion, and defocus. Our major contribution is proposing the weak hybrid classifiers selection based on the Harr-like (local) features and Gabor (global) features. The multi-pose face detection algorithm can also be modified for facial expression recognition. The experimental results show that our face detection system and facial expression recognition system have better performance than the other classifiers.     

双阈值级联分类器的加速人脸检测算法

提出了一种基于双阈值的两级级联分类器的人脸检测加速方法。该方法首先应用Gabor滤波器提取经模板匹配保留的似人脸样本特征,经主成分分析（PCA）降维后的特征作为第一级BP神经网络输入进行检测,在输出端应用双阈值对人脸/非人脸进行粗检测,然后把介于双阈值之间的人脸/非人脸模块作为第二级AdaBoost算法设计的输入并再次进行精检测,从而在提高检测速度的同时达到提高检测率和降低误检率的目的。实验表明,应用双阈值进行级联分类加速检测后,该方法的检测精度要优于基于简单阈值的分类器。     

复杂光照下的人脸肤色检测方法

复杂光照对人脸肤色检测具有重要影响。在YCbCr颜色空间建立复杂光照条件下的人脸肤色模型,然后利用该模型检测人脸图像的肤色区域,并对检测结果利用4-连通区域的几何特征消除非人脸区域,最后利用连通元复原误检的人脸肤色区域。实验结果表明,该方法可以实现复杂光照下人脸肤色区域的准确检测。     

利用SVM改进Adaboost算法的人脸检测精度

提出利用SVM分类方法改进Adaboost算法的人脸检测精度。该方法先通过Adaboost算法找出图像中的候选人脸区域,根据训练样本集中的人脸和非人脸样本训练出分类器支持向量机(SVM),然后通过SVM分类器从候选人脸区域中最终确定人脸区域。实验结果证明,SVM分类算法可以提高检测精度,使检测算法具有更好的检测效果。     

基于肤色模型和FloatBoost的多姿态人脸检测

多姿态人脸检测是人脸识别系统必须解决的关键问题之一。利用光照鲁棒的肤色模型来搜索待检图像的可能人脸区域并进行肤色分割,结合分割区域的几何信息确定最终的候选人脸区域,然后对人脸的关键特征进行定位,按规则计算重要特征块的中心,将这些中心点确定的符合条件的候选区域利用FloatBoost进行分类,最终实现了快速准确的多姿态人脸检测。     

Real-time moustache detection by combining image decolorization and texture detection with applications to facial gender recognition

There are still many challenging problems in facial gender recognition which is mainly due to the complex variances of face appearance. Although there has been tremendous research effort to develop robust gender recognition over the past decade, none has explicitly exploited the domain knowledge of the difference in appearance between male and female. Moustache contributes substantially to the facial appearance difference between male and female and could be a good feature to be incorporated into facial gender recognition. Little work on moustache segmentation has been reported in the literature. In this paper, a novel real-time moustache detection method is proposed which combines face feature extraction, image decolorization and texture detection. Image decolorization, which converts a color image to grayscale, aims to enhance the color contrast while preserving the grayscale. On the other hand, moustache appearance is normally grayscale surrounded by the skin color face tissue. Hence, it is a fast and efficient way to segment the moustache by using the decolorization technology. In order to make the algorithm robust to the variances of illumination and head pose, an adaptive decolorization segmentation has been proposed in which both the segmentation threshold selection and the moustache region following are guided by some special regions defined by their geometric relationship with the salient facial features. Furthermore, a texture-based moustache classifier is developed to compensate the decolorization-based segmentation which could detect the darker skin or shadow around the mouth caused by the small lines or skin thicker from where he/she smiles as moustache. The face is verified as the face containing a moustache only when it satisfies: (1) a larger moustache region can be found by applying the decolorization segmentation; (2) the segmented moustache region is detected as moustache by the texture moustache detector. The experimental results on color FERET database showed that the proposed approach can achieve 89 % moustache face detection rate with 0.1 % false acceptance rate. By incorporating the moustache detector into a facial gender recognition system, the gender recognition accuracy on a large database has been improved from 91 to 93.5 %.     

复杂背景彩色图像中多角度人脸检测

提出一种针对复杂背景彩色图像中的人脸检测方法。基于Gray World假设,在RGB颜色空间采用颜色平衡的方法对偏色图像进行颜色校正,在YES颜色空间进行肤色检测并应用预处理技术缩小人脸检测的搜索区域。在物体区域方向计算的基础上,提出能够检测任意旋转角度人脸的方法,在人脸候选区域采用模板脸匹配方法定位人脸。实验表明,该方法对不同光照环境、不同尺寸、任意旋转的人脸有较好的检测效果。     

Reliable detection of eye features and eyes in color facial images using ternary eye-verifier

Eye detection plays an important role in applications related to face recognition. The position of eyes can be used as a reliable reference for other facial feature detection. This paper presents a novel approach for the precise and reliable detection of eyes by introducing a ternary eye-verifier. Initially, the face region is detected by combining color information and the Haar-like feature detector. The face region is then binarized and filtered with circular filters to detect eye candidates at the peaks in the filtered response. Each eye candidate is fed into a ternary eye-verifier that includes a proposed eye feature extractor based on K-means clustering with compensation for variety in iris color. The eye template in the eye-verifier is constructed based on both the knowledge of eye geometry and the detected eye features. The template matching is made by the ternary Hamming distance. Experiments over a collection of FERET face database and house-made face database with different head poses confirm that the proposed method achieves precise and reliable detection of eyes from color facial images with variation in illumination, pose, eye gazing direction, and race.     

基于双门限梯度模式的图像文字检测方法

对复杂自然背景下的图像文字检测技术进行了研究,提出了一种基于双门限梯度模式的图像文字检测方法。首先,在文字粗检测阶段中,该方法抽取了最大极值稳定区域(Maximally Stable Extremal Regions,MSER)作为候选文字区域,避免了对整幅图像进行扫描,极大地提高了检测速度和实时性;其次,在文字精检测阶段的特征提取部分,为了克服文字区域颜色对比反转问题和自然图像 的噪声干扰问题,提出了一种双门限梯度模式特征来描述文字区域的纹理特征;最后,在文字精检测的检测器设计中,利用极限学习机构造新的级联型ELM(Extreme Learning Machine)检测器,极大地缩短了分类器的训练时间。实验结果表明,该方法不仅具有优良的检测性能,而且能极大地缩短分类器训练时间和检测时间。     

Robust face detection using local gradient patterns and evidence accumulation

This paper proposes a novel face detection method using local gradient patterns (LGP), in which each bit of the LGP is assigned the value one if the neighboring gradient of a given pixel is greater than the average of eight neighboring gradients, and 0 otherwise. LGP representation is insensitive to global intensity variations like the other representations such as local binary patterns (LBP) and modified census transform (MCT), and to local intensity variations along the edge components. We show that LGP has a higher discriminant power than LBP in both the difference between face histogram and non-face histogram and the detection error based on the face/face distance and face/non-face distance. We also reduce the false positive detection error greatly by accumulating evidences from multi-scale detection results with negligible extra computation time. In experiments using the MIT+CMU and FDDB databases, the proposed LGP-based face detection followed by evidence accumulation method provides a face detection rate that is 5–27% better than those of existing methods, and reduces the number of false positives greatly.     

Visual tracking of hands, faces and facial features of multiple persons

This paper presents an integrated approach for tracking hands, faces and specific facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) in image sequences. For hand and face tracking, we employ a state-of-the-art blob tracker which is specifically trained to track skin-colored regions. In this paper we extend the skin color tracker by proposing an incremental probabilistic classifier, which can be used to maintain and continuously update the belief about the class of each tracked blob, which can be left-hand, right hand or face as well as to associate hand blobs with their corresponding faces. An additional contribution of this paper is related to the employment of a novel method for the detection and tracking of specific facial features within each detected facial blob which consists of an appearance-based detector and a feature-based tracker. The proposed approach is intended to provide input for the analysis of hand gestures and facial expressions that humans utilize while engaged in various conversational states with robots that operate autonomously in public places. It has been integrated into a system which runs in real time on a conventional personal computer which is located on a mobile robot. Experimental results confirm its effectiveness for the specific task at hand.     

基于层叠支持向量机的人脸检测研究

提出一种基于层叠支持向量机的人脸检测算法,用于复杂背景灰度图像的人脸检测。算法首先用线性支持向量机进行粗筛选,滤去大量非人脸窗口,之后用非线性支持向量机对通过的窗口进行分类。实验对比数据表明,该方法降低了分类器的训练难度,计算复杂度较低,大大提高了检测速度。     

基于肤色和AdaBoost算法的彩色人脸图像检测*

针对肤色检测对复杂背景下的图像误检率高和AdaBoost算法对多姿态、多人脸图像检测效果不理想的问题,将基于肤色的人脸检测与基于AdaBoost算法的人脸检测结合起来,提出一种新的人脸检测方法,即首先利用肤色和形态学操作分割肤色区域,再根据人脸区域的统计特性筛选出人脸候选区域,然后用AdaBoost级联分类器对候选区域扫描,以精确定位人脸.实验表明,该方法同时具有肤色检测正确率高与AdaBoost算法误检率低的优点,可以有效地运用于多姿态、多人脸和复杂背景的情况,具有较好的检测效果.     

基于肤色分割和AdaBoost算法的彩色图像的人脸检测

文章提出了肤色分割和AdaBoost算法结合的人脸检测算法。首先,对彩色图像进行肤色分割,通过人脸肤色的统计特征得到候选人脸区域：然后,基于AdaBoost算法,使用由强分类器组成的级联分类器对候选人脸区域进行扫描,最终得到精确定位的人脸。实验证明,该方法具有肤色检测快速和AdaBoost算法误检率低的优点,可以有效的运用于多姿态、多人脸和复杂背景的情况。     

基于肤色模型和中线定位的人脸检测算法

由于外貌、肤色、表情等不同,会导致较高的人脸检测漏检率和误检率。为此,提出一种基于肤色模型和中线定位的多姿态人脸检测算法。利用肤色特征快速排除大部分背景区域,根据人脸的显性特征分割出人脸候选区域,并对边缘检测后的图像进行投影,使用中线定位法实现多姿态人脸的检测与定位。实验结果表明,该算法能实现多姿态人脸的快速检测,黑发单个人脸检测的检测率达93.3%,鲁棒性较强。