基于本体论的民族知识获取与分析

1.引言民族学是一个非常重要的学科,它与语言学、宗教学、地理知识和历史知识等都有密切的联系。许多计算机应用系统都需要大量的民族文化、宗教、历史等知识。例如自然语言理解(词法和语法分析)、民族知识教学系统、民族知识的普及等等都离不开有关民族的基础和专业知识。但在人工智能中,民族知识的获取及知识表示一直得不到足够的重视。Harvard大学有一个ad2000的项目,其中包含了一千多个民族。但ad2000项目主要是为基督教的传播服务的,它虽然在尽可能地收录民族,但它对民族的描述主要是针对宗教,并没有给出     

Toward analyzing impact of disjoint axioms for merging heterogeneous ontologies

In recent years, the question on Automatic Ontology Merging (AOM) become challenging to address for the researchers. Our research and development for the Disjoint Knowledge Perservation based Automatic Ontology Merging (DKP-AOM) is a milestone in the same direction. This paper provides a more specific discussion about disjoint knowledge axioms in DKP-AOM and makes an assessment of our merge algorithm that looks-up within disjoint partitions of concept hierarchies of ontologies. The significant use of disjoint knowledge is corroborated by testing conference and vertebrate ontologies. The results reveal that disjoint knowledge axioms help identifying initial inaccurate mappings and remove ambiguity when the concept with same symbolic identifier has a different meaning in different local ontologies in the process of ontology merging. Disjoint axioms separate the knowledge in distinct chunks and enable concept matching within the boundaries of sub-hierarchies of the entire ontology concept hierarchy. While finding matches between concepts of ontologies, disjoint partitions with the disjoint knowledge about concepts in source ontologies minimize the search space and reduce the runtime complexity of ontology merging. We also discuss encouraging results obtained by our DKP-AOM system within the OAEI 2015 campaign.     

社会群体角色本体建模及其公理获取

提出社会群体角色本体的知识获取方法、建模方法和本体表示方法,包括社会群体、社会群体角色、社会群体角色动作、社会群体角色关系、社会群体角色关系公理等相关知识的获取方法。采用模板技术对社会群体角色本体进行建模,运用框架语言描述本体,实现社会群体角色本体中的公理获取及自动生成。     

Local closed world reasoning with description logics under the well-founded semantics

An important question for the upcoming Semantic Web is how to best combine open world ontology languages, such as the OWL-based ones, with closed world rule-based languages. One of the most mature proposals for this combination is known as hybrid MKNF knowledge bases (Motik and Rosati, 2010 [52]), and it is based on an adaptation of the Stable Model Semantics to knowledge bases consisting of ontology axioms and rules. In this paper we propose a well-founded semantics for nondisjunctive hybrid MKNF knowledge bases that promises to provide better efficiency of reasoning, and that is compatible with both the OWL-based semantics and the traditional Well-Founded Semantics for logic programs. Moreover, our proposal allows for the detection of inconsistencies, possibly occurring in tightly integrated ontology axioms and rules, with only little additional effort. We also identify tractable fragments of the resulting language.     

个性化本体的知识查询研究

在分布式系统中，既有共享概念的领域本体，又存在个体的知识组织个性，因此个性化本体的研究具有重要的现实意义。本文基于开放系统假设，定义个体的外现类及个体之间的相识关系，使用Web本体语言表示个性化本体的类描述和类公理。提出一个基于消解原理的个性化本体网络的知识查询递归算法，该算法不依赖注册服务器和分布式哈希表，具有较强的动态适应性。以一个（教）师（学）生本体网络的知识查询为例，讨论了个性化本体网络及其知识查询算法的实现。     

音乐领域本体的建立和分析

音乐是一门重要的社会学科，具有丰富的领域知识，这些知识是计算机音乐应用系统所需要的专业知识。本文基于本体论方法形式化地探讨音乐领域本体的建立和分析，具体介绍了本体的建立方法、本体元素的描述、本体的一致性分析等方面内容。我们给出两个判断类间关系一致性的算法并分析其性质，还探讨了基于公理的知识的一致性。     

基于本体的城市交通的知识分析和推理

以城市交通为研究和应用背景，基于本体模型的知识表示技术，建立城市交通本体。对城市交通领域知识进行规范描述，详细描述了定义类层次及类的属性和关系，以及实例的基本规则，并从领域知识中提取出类内公理和类间公理，建立公理库，用于领域知识的一致性分析和知识推理。解决了语义层次上信息共享和交互的问题，为上海城市交通信息网格的交通信息服务提供语义支撑。     

Semantic rule based image visual feature ontology creation

Multimedia is one of the important communication channels for mankind. Due to the advancement in technology and enormous growth of mankind, a vast array of multimedia data is available today. This has resulted in the obvious need for some techniques for retrieving these data. This paper will give an overview of ontology-based image retrieval system for asteroideae flower family domain. In order to reduce the semantic gap between the low-level visual features of an image and the high-level domain knowledge, we have incorporated a concept of multi-modal image ontology. So, the created asteroideae flower domain specific ontology would have the knowledge about the domain and the visual features. The visual features used to define the ontology are prevalent color, basic intrinsic pattern and contour gradient. In prevalent color extraction, the most dominant color from the images was identified and indexed. In order to determine the texture pattern for a particular flower, basic intrinsic patterns were used. The contour gradients provide the information on the image edges with respect to the image base. These feature values are embedded in the ontology at appropriate slots with respect to the domain knowledge. This paper also defines some of the query axioms which are used to retrieve appropriate information from the created ontology. This ontology can be used for image retrieval system in semantic web.     

基于ORM的OWL 2本体可视化表达

无相关技术背景的领域专家较难直接阅读和理解OWL 2本体。为此,提出一种使用对象角色建模(ORM)可视化表达OWL 2本体的方法,并介绍一系列相应规则。通过语义等价的模型变换和扩展构造原语,使用ORM可视化表达OWL 2的构造原语、类表达式、类公理、对象特性公理、数据特性公理和键公理。实验结果表明,内置数据类型、类等价公理和对象特性的传递性公理需要对ORM进行扩展才能表达,其余OWL 2类和公理均可语义无损地转换为ORM模型。     

一种基于物联网技术的场所感知系统初探

现实社会中存在很多群体,每个群体都有其特有的角色、角色关系,并且这些角色、角色关系之间存在一定的规律。这些都是社会群体中的知识,它们可以用一定的方法表示出来。很多领域的研究工作中都要用到社会群体角色知识,为了使大家对这些知识的认识达成一致,需要建立社会群体角色本体。基于本体论的方法形式化地探讨了社会群体角色本体的构建方法,具体介绍了本体元素的获取和描述、本体的建立方法等内容,还给出了本体中公理的获取方法及公理的验证方法。     

Extracting a justification for OWL ontologies by critical axioms

Extracting justifications for web ontology language (OWL) ontologies is an important mission in ontology engineering. In this paper, we focus on black-box techniques which are based on ontology reasoners. Through creating a recursive expansion procedure, all elements which are called critical axioms in the justification are explored one by one. In this detection procedure, an axiom selection function is used to avoid testing irrelevant axioms. In addition, an incremental reasoning procedure has been proposed in order to substitute series of standard reasoning tests w.r.t. satisfiability. It is implemented by employing a pseudo model to detect “obvious” satisfiability directly. The experimental results show that our proposed strategy for extracting justifications for OWL ontologies by adopting incremental expansion is superior to traditional Black-box methods in terms of efficiency and performance.     

应急物流组织本体模型研究及应用

为解决应急物流组织的知识共享及互操作问题,基于ABC上位本体,定义了应急物流本体模型ELO_Ontology,形式化表示为应急物流组织概念、关系、函数、公理和实例的五元组。最后,以四川省汶川大地震中的应急物流组织片段为实例进行了知识表示,结果表明,ELO_Ontology模型能够有效构建应急物流组织的知识体系。     

管理信息系统安全性本体建模和验证研究

目前管理信息系统虽然提高了企业管理效率,但是对安全管理仍缺少有力的支持,缺乏对企业信息系统安全生产管理的能力验证。文章鉴于企业安全管理和本体建模所共同要求的标准性和通用性,以船舶修造企业为示范领域遴选出安全管理领域的权威标准;依据其并采用“七步法”进行本体建模,抽取概念和关联,建立包含面向领域知识的公理集;最后对船舶修造企业信息系统的安全基础管理能力进行了验证,结果表明文章提出的方法可以对企业管理信息系统进行安全性能力验证,可以完善和提高企业信息系统的安全管理能力。     

ComR: a combined OWL reasoner for ontology classification

Ontology classification, the problem of computing the subsumption hierarchies for classes (atomic concepts), is a core reasoning service provided by Web Ontology Language (OWL) reasoners. Although general-purpose OWL 2 reasoners employ sophisticated optimizations for classification, they are still not efficient owing to the high complexity of tableau algorithms for expressive ontologies. Profile-specific OWL 2 EL reasoners are efficient; however, they become incomplete even if the ontology contains only a small number of axioms that are outside the OWL 2 EL fragment. In this paper, we present a technique that combines an OWL 2 EL reasoner with an OWL 2 reasoner for ontology classification of expressive SROIQ. To optimize the workload, we propose a task decomposition strategy for identifying the minimal non-EL subontology that contains only necessary axioms to ensure completeness. During the ontology classification, the bulk of the workload is delegated to an efficient OWL 2 EL reasoner and only the minimal non- EL subontology is handled by a less efficient OWL 2 reasoner. The proposed approach is implemented in a prototype ComR and experimental results show that our approach offers a substantial speedup in ontology classification. For the wellknown ontology NCI, the classification time is reduced by 96.9% (resp. 83.7%) compared against the standard reasoner Pellet (resp. the modular reasoner MORe).     

Extracting knowledge from XML document repository: a semantic Web-based approach

XML plays an important role as the standard language for representing structured data for the traditional Web, and hence many Web-based knowledge management repositories store data and documents in XML. If semantics about the data are formally represented in an ontology, then it is possible to extract knowledge: This is done as ontology definitions and axioms are applied to XML data to automatically infer knowledge that is not explicitly represented in the repository. Ontologies also play a central role in realizing the burgeoning vision of the semantic Web, wherein data will be more sharable because their semantics will be represented in Web-accessible ontologies. In this paper, we demonstrate how an ontology can be used to extract knowledge from an exemplar XML repository of Shakespeare’s plays. We then implement an architecture for this ontology using de facto languages of the semantic Web including OWL and RuleML, thus preparing the ontology for use in data sharing. It has been predicted that the early adopters of the semantic Web will develop ontologies that leverage XML, provide intra-organizational value such as knowledge extraction capabilities that are irrespective of the semantic Web, and have the potential for inter-organizational data sharing over the semantic Web. The contribution of our proof-of-concept application, KROX, is that it serves as a blueprint for other ontology developers who believe that the growth of the semantic Web will unfold in this manner.

使用OWL DL形式化表达对象角色建模模型

对象角色建模(ORM)方法已应用于本体工程,因此需要将ORM模型转换为OWL DL公理,以便将ORM本体发布到语义Web上,同时还可使用支持DL的推理机来检查ORM本体的语义一致性和冗余问题。通过模型语义分析、模型等价转换、引入新的运算符和特性等方法,提出将ORM模型形式化表达为OWL DL公理的规则。除了外部唯一约束等四种约束外,其他形态的ORM模型都可以形式化表达为OWL DL公理。     

ORM模型转换为OWL 2公理的映射规则

对象角色建模方法ORM目前已发展成为一种本体工程方法。需要将ORM表达的领域知识发布到语义Web上,以供不同应用系统共享和交换。OWL 2是W3C推荐使用的语义Web本体语言。探讨了将ORM模型映射为OWL 2公理的方法,通过模型等价变换和引入新的公理,给出了所有可行的模型映射规则。     

描述逻辑中基于边界的模块提取方法

模块化是优化本体推理的一种有效的手段,提出了一种针对推理的模块提取方法,该方法通过分析符号解释域的边界和公理之间的关系计算出基于边界的模块。文中给出该基于边界的模块的理论基础,并证明了其模块的正确性。在评估实验中,通过与最优模块和符号模块进行比较,基于边界的模块和最优模块大小很接近,非常适合对推理进行优化。