二维小波变换在图像压缩中的应用研究

通过对二维小波分解与重构算法以及其在工程图像处理应用中的介绍,分析了二维离散小波可分离情况分解与重构的实际算法,研究了算法在图像压缩中的应用方法并分析了应用实例.结果表明,应用该算法可以获得较大的图像压缩比.所以小波技术用于图像处理具有压缩比高、速度快和特征不变性、方便快捷.目标明确等一系列优点.     

基于正交小波包的图像压缩算法

本文提出了一种新的图像压缩方法,深入研究了正交小波包在图像压缩中的分解与重构算法,详细介绍了正交小波最优基的选取,并应用MATLAB软件进行仿真实验.仿真结果显示,该方法压缩比大,信息损失小,能够较好恢复原有图像.     

基于小波变换的图像压缩方法

小波变换克服了传统傅立叶变换的缺点,具有良好的时、频局部化性能,从而使得小波理论在图像处理领域得到广泛的应用。首先对图像进行小波塔式分解,然后依据小波系数的统计特性和分布特点,对不同的子图像块采用不同的量化、编码方法,并且在计算机上进行模拟实现,结果表明所提出的方案可以在保证重构图像质量良好的情况下获得较大的压缩比。     

EZW算法中小波分解层数及扫描次数对图像压缩性能的影响

嵌入式零树小波编码方法(EZW)是目前公认的效率最高的小波图像编码方法之一。 EZW算法中,不同的小波分解层数能够影响小波变换的时频分辨率和小波系数的变化范围,从而影响最终的编码效率;扫描次数的多少直接关系到能被编码的有效小波系数,从而影响最终的编码增益。讨论了 EZW 算法中小波分解层数和小波系数的扫描次数对图像压缩性能的影响,为基于EZW算法的小波图像压缩中的选择合适的小波分解层数及扫描次数提供了参考。通过仿真实验可以看出,在相同的扫描次数下,随着小波分解层数的增加,压缩比增大,而峰值信噪比随之下降;而在相同小波分解层数下,随着扫描次数的增加,峰值信噪比显著提升,而压缩比明显下降。     

彩色图象的广义分形小波变换压缩算法

基于广义二维分形小波变换,提出了一种新的复合分形小波变换图象编码算法,并将该算法推广到三维彩色空间,实现了彩色图象压缩。同时,提出了一种自适应小波子树分割算法。该算法根据图象局部区域纹理的复杂程度对小波树进行分割,有效地避免了解压缩图象中的分块效应。对彩色图象的实验表明在压缩比相同的情况下。新算法可得到更好的图象效果。     

一种小波域内的BP神经网络图像压缩方法

通过时Mallat算法和提升小波变换的比较,并分析图像经过小波变换后系数的分布特点,提出了一种新的将提升小波变换和BP神经网络相结合的图像压缩方法.根据小波变换后图像的绝大部分能量都集中在小波变换的低频部分这一特性,利用BP神经网络,对不同的频带子图进行不同压缩比的压缩,从而得到高质量的重构图像.结果表明,该算法不仅有较高的压缩比,而且获得了质量较高的重构图像,对背景简单的图像压缩效果尤为明显.     

基于小波域奇异值分解的图像压缩算法

提出了基于小波域奇异值分解（SVD）的图像压缩算法,该算法通过对小波分解系数进行奇异值分解,进而对小波系数进行压缩,实现图像压缩。将该算法与图像奇异值分解直接压缩的算法进行了实验比较,实验结果表明,该算法较图像奇异值分解直接压缩的算法具有更好的性能,在同样压缩比的情况下能获得更高的信噪比。     

样条小波变换在图像压缩中的应用

本文介绍样条小波,并在此基础上提出了基于图像分解的二元张量积小波的多分辨分析方法,对变换后的图像进行二维离散余弦的二次变换,量化编码后得到了较高的压缩比和较好的重建图像。     

小波变换编码在医学图像压缩中的应用

文章结合医学图像的特点探究了一种图像压缩编码方法：先对图像进行小波分解，然后针对不同层不同子图的特点对小波系数的各部分进行相应处理。小波分解后，低分辨率子图像的小波系数的动态变化范围大，因而采用BP神经网络进行自适应非线性预测编码，而对高分辨率子图像采用基于Kohonen网络的自组织特片映射（SOFM）算法的矢量量化进行编码，上述压缩方法可以在保证重构图像质量良好的情况下获得较大的压缩比，从而可以较好的满足医学图像存储的要求。     

基于样条插值预测的小波图像压缩方法

本文通过分析小波分解后所得到的离散逼近图与原图的相似性,研究不同层次上各个方向上小波系数之间的相关性,利用小波分解的层次性、方向性以及层次间系数的相似性,提出了一种基于样条函数插值预测的小波图像压缩方法。实验结果表明,在保证视觉质量的情况下,该算法能够有效地减少系数方差和增加小幅度系数的数量,在一定程序上提高了图像压缩比。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。