Modeling of optimal control for urban freeway corridor under incident conditions

Traffic control and management are effective measures to solve the problem of traffic congestion. The optimal control model for freeway corridor is developed under incident conditions, which is in the form of minimization of the sum of the square of the difference between traffic demand and capacity at each intersection and on the freeway bottleneck section. The model optimizes control parameters of phase splits at arterial intersections, off-ramp diversion rates at upstream off-ramps and on-ramp diversion rates at downstream on ramps. Finally, the objective function is discussed and it is showed that the optimal control model is simple and practical.     

An integrated optimal control and algorithm for commuting corridors

An integrated optimal control model and its solution algorithm have been developed for commuting corridor management. Three traffic control measures, including ramp metering, intersection signal timing, and freeway flow diversion, have been incorporated and optimized simultaneously. As an improvement to our previous work, the presented model and algorithm have the following three unique features: (1) modeling traffic state evolution on surface streets with flow conservation within sections, flow transition between sections, and flow discharging at downstream intersections; (2) estimating time-dependent model parameters adaptively with real-time traffic measurements, rather than assuming as pre-determined; and (3) having a limited-step convergence property in its solution logic. Preliminary numerical tests have demonstrated the potential of the developed model and algorithm for integrated real-time corridor control.     

Iterative learning control approach for ramp metering

An iterative learning control scheme is developed to the traffic density control in a macroscopic level freeway environment. With rigorous analysis, the proposed intelligent control scheme guarantees the asymptotic convergence of the traffic density to the desired one. The control scheme is applied to a freeway model, and simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach.     

Iterative learning cont rol app roach f or ramp metering

An iterative learning control scheme is developed to the traffic density control in a macroscopic level freeway environment . With rigorous analysis , the proposed intelligent control scheme guarantees the asymptotic convergence of the traffic density to the desired one. The control scheme is applied to a freeway model , and simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach.     

西安-临潼高速公路递阶控制方法研究

本文利用大系统最优控制理论对西安一临潼高速公路的控制方法进行研究,基于交通流 模型提出了一种递阶控制方法,并对西安一临潼高速公路的控制进行仿真,获得了满意的效 果.     

语义物联网：物联网内在矛盾之对策*

为应对物联网自身固有的物的信息的表示形式的多样化和物的信息的使用主体的理解能力不足的内在矛盾,提出了将其改进为语义物联网的思路,具体措施为：a）物的信息的表示,要基于本体进行语义标注;b）物的信息的使用,要基于本体实现机器理解。借助于语义分析和科学定义方法,建立了语义物联网的集合表示模型和图示模型。该模型的意义在于指明了语义物联网的实现需要有效推进四项主要任务,即本体的构建、RFID系统的建设、物的信息的预处理（即编码为UID或EPC,添加语义标注,嵌入RFID电子标签）和物的信息上载管理与下载管理。     

面向大型社会活动的快速路网控制策略仿真评价方法*

为了缓解大型社会活动期间短时需求激增对快速路运营的压力,提出了基于宏观交通仿真的快速路网控制策略评价方法,旨在为交通控制与管理提供辅助决策依据。该方法运用网络交通流仿真模型对候选控制方案进行仿真和评价,得到较优方案。采用GANFreSP仿真程序对一实例路网的交通流演化进行仿真,刻画拥挤发生、传播和消散的过程,并模拟基于分流诱导的拥堵应对策略,给出交通状态时变轨迹图、路网全局交通状态快照图等可视化结果,以及不控制和分流诱导情况下的路网总体性能指标。仿真案例表明,网络交通流演化是复杂动态过程,局部节点拥挤易演     

Robust identification for multi_section freeway traffic models

Since it is difficult to fit measured parameters using the conventional traffic model, a new traffic density and average speed model is introduced in this paper.To determine traffic model structures accurately, a model identification method for uncertain nonlinear system is developed.To simplify uncertain nonlinear problem, this paper presents a new robust criterion to identify the multi-section traffic model structure of freeway efficiently.In the new model identification criterion,numerically efficient U-D factorization is used to avoid computing the determinant values of two complex matrices.By estimating the values of U-D factor of data matrix, both the upper and lower bounds of system uncertainties are described. Thus a model structure identification algorithm is proposed.Comparisons between identification outputs and simulation outputs of traffic states show that the traffic states can be accurately predicted by means of the new traffic models and the structure identification criterion.     

Robust identification for multi-section freeway traffic models

1IntroductionIt is important to estimate the densityandspeed oftrafficfor the safetyandtraffic control .For decades ,manyresearchwork have been done to estimate traffic density, trafficvolume ,average speed,and other parameters[1,2] .Theproblemof estimating dynamic traffic has been involved inparts of those research work[1 ~4] .By means of O_Dmatrix,some researchers have also made a series of studiesof traffic prediction and traffic layout estimation[5] .However , most of the research work m…     

基于粒子群算法的多匝道协调控制

高速公路入口多匝道协调控制是调节各个入口匝道进入到主线的交通量,从而使主线交通流处于最佳状态。由于多个入口匝道相互关联和相互影响,多匝道协调控制具有强的耦合性、非线性和时变性。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于系统分层和粒子群优化算法的控制方法。首先论述了高速公路多匝道系统的原理模型;然后阐述了多匝道协调控制系统的实现,系统由协调控制层和直接控制层组成,其中前者负责模型选择、参数调整和确定期望的密度轨迹,后者采用比例积分微分控制器实施控制,并引入粒子群算法对控制器的比例系数、积分系数和微分系数进行优化;最后进行了仿真实验。结果表明,当高速公路出现交通拥堵时,系统能够快速地消除拥堵,并使主线交通流趋于稳定。该方法为高速公路多匝道控制提供了一种切实可行的新途径。     

整合快速路网匝道控制和路径诱导的进化粒子群算法

针对快速路匝道控制和路径诱导优化,改进已有宏观交通流模型对上下匝道的处理方式,提出了一种实现快速路网协同整合动态优化控制的进化粒子群算法。利用区分目的地车流的均匀分布,给出起始路段区分目的地车流的实际驶入比例。通过对实际路网中上下匝道车流的观察分析,给出上匝道车速与下游主线车速的关联关系,并对下匝道实施类似主线路段的建模处理。针对基于上述改进得到的快速路网动态控制系统,利用控制变量的箱式约束,在经典粒子群算法中引入交叉变异操作,给出了一种高效的进化粒子群算法。通过算例分析比较了经典粒子群算法和进化粒子群算法,证实了新方法可以高效处理复杂的实际快速路网。     

An adaptive freeway traffic state estimator

Real-data testing results of a real-time nonlinear freeway traffic state estimator are presented with a particular focus on its adaptive features. The pursued general approach to the real-time adaptive estimation of complete traffic state in freeway stretches or networks is based on stochastic nonlinear macroscopic traffic flow modeling and extended Kalman filtering. One major innovative aspect of the estimator is the real-time joint estimation of traffic flow variables (flows, mean speeds, and densities) and some important model parameters (free speed, critical density, and capacity), which leads to four significant features of the traffic state estimator: (i) avoidance of prior model calibration; (ii) automatic adaptation to changing external conditions (e.g. weather and lighting conditions, traffic composition, control measures); (iii) enabling of incident alarms; (iv) enabling of detector fault alarms. The purpose of the reported real-data testing is, first, to demonstrate feature (i) by investigating some basic properties of the estimator and, second, to explore some adaptive capabilities of the estimator that enable features (ii)-(iv). The achieved testing results are quite satisfactory and promising for further work and field applications.     

Analysis of artificial neural network models for freeway ramp metering control

Traffic along a freeway varies not only with time but also with space. It is thus essential to model dynamic traffic patterns on the freeway in order to derive appropriate metering control strategies. Existing methods cannot fulfill this task effectively. Due to the learning capability, artificial neural network models are developed to simulate typical time series traffic data and then expanded to capture the inherent time–space interrelations. The augmented-type network is proposed that includes several basic modules intelligently affiliated according to traffic characteristics on the freeway. Inputs to neural network models are traffic states in each time period on the freeway segments while outputs correspond to the desired metering rate at each entrance ramp. The simulation outcomes indicate very encouraging achievements when the proposed neural network model is employed to govern the freeway traffic operations. Also discussed are feasible directions for further improvements.     

基于单线圈的速度估计混合模型

实时准确预测出交通速度对于成功的快速路管理系统来说足至关重要的。然而,交通速度并不能直接从单线圈检测器测量出来。该文提出了一种基于单线圈输出量进行速度估计的混合模型方法。该方法分别考虑自由流和拥挤两种不同状态下分别采用不同的模型进行交通速度的估计。模型系数的计算采用已知的单线圈输出量信息和交通流模型进行估计。整个算法采用matlab仿真软件仿真检验,结果表明利用该方法估计出来的速度非常接近于双线圈测量的速度观测值。与以往的算法相比,该方法简单实用并且明显地改善了速度估计。     

基于交通流特性的高速公路交通网络建模与应用

为了满足高速公路安全管理系统的功能需求,提出了一种适合高速公路交通网络数据表达、操作与分析的基于交通流特性的高速公路交通网络数据模型,弥补了现有交通网络GIS数据模型在复杂的网络建模和分析中的不足。在分析高速公路交通流特性的基础上提出了高速公路交通网络的建模要素,并设计了概念建模、逻辑建模和物理建模的方法。该模型有利于迅速响应影响网络交通流分布的突发事件并生成安全管制决策,文中以高速公路网交通封闭实施位置算法为例说明其在高速公路安全管理领域的应用。     

快速路控制策略仿真研究

城市快速路是城市交通的主动脉,承担着城市大部分交通量,良好的快速路控制策略能有效缓解道路拥堵。本文借助改进的宏观交通流模型,采用Visual Basic面向对象语言,开发城市快速路的控制仿真系统。运用该仿真系统对一个包含两起点两终点的快速路段进行仿真,模拟采用ALINEA策略和不采用控制的快速路交通运行状态。仿真结果表明,对入口匝道实施ALINEA控制后,高峰时刻主线流量增加约150veh/h,入口匝道与主线汇合区速度提高约10km/h,说明ALINEA控制策略能有效缓解快速路拥堵。     

城市高速公路交通的神经网络建模与控制

从城市高速公路交通流的宏观、动态特性出发 ,分析了交通流控制中常用的宏观、动态、确定性模型 在此基础上 ,利用人工神经网络技术建立了城市高速公路的神经网络模型 ,并提出了入口匝道放行和路段速度相结合的多变量神经网络控制策略 利用该控制策略建立的自适应神经网络控制器 ,可以使高速公路上的交通密度维持在理想的密度值附近 .进一步分析可以得到 ,该控制器是一个状态和控制作用均可跟踪的伺服系统 .以杭州某高架高速公路为背景的仿真结果表明 :该控制器具有较强的鲁帮性 ,控制效果令人满意 .     

Allocation of freeway ramp metering volumes to optimize corridor performance

A simple macroscopic freeway traffic corridor model is formulated for the purpose of developing optimal allocations of freeway on-ramp metering volumes. The model represents a freeway and a single parallel "equivalent surface street," both unidirectional, which are interconnected by freeway on-ramps. Since a choice of routes is included in the problem formulation, the fairly standard methodology of "traffic assignment" is employed to predict how drivers will react to the on-ramp metering. An explicit traffic assignment algorithm which includes ramp queueing is developed. Both the corridor and traffic assignment models are restricted to stationary traffic patterns. Two specific corridor performance criteria, freeway travel rate and total travel-time rate, are formulated in terms of the model variables. Then the problem of choosing ramp metering volumes to optimize a performance criterion is posed. A computationally efficient suboptimal dynamic programming scheme is developed and illustrated by an example.     

高速公路匝道非线性反馈控制器的设计与仿真

提出了一种非线性方法设计高速公路入口匝道反馈控制器,非线性反馈控制器由高速公路交通流模型和比例积分调节器组成。阐述了入口匝道控制原理,建立了高速公路交通流模型,模型的流量—密度关系是非线性的,设计了高速公路匝道非线性反馈控制器模型。仿真结果表明非线性反馈控制器性能优越,它能使高速公路主线交通流密度保持为设定的期望密度,同时又能维持可接受的匝道服务水平。     

基于多车道交通流动态离散模型的递阶优化控制问题与算法

建立了一个基于多车道动态离散交通流模型的高速公路入口匝道流量优化控制模型.为了降低优化控制问题求解的复杂程度,把它分解为两层递阶控制问题.讨论了两层求解的算法,并给出了算例及仿真结果.