考虑服务竞争的O2O 供应链决策与协调

O2O 模式下的双渠道供应链颠覆了传统的渠道价格竞争模式、价格协同机制和服务水平, 已成为决策的关键要素. 当供应链发生需求和服务替代系数突变时, 通过KKT条件求出不同扰动情形下制造商垂直O2O 供应链和零售商水平O2O 供应链的决策值, 然后设计了两部定价契约协调需求和服务替代系数同时扰动下的O2O 供应链. 研究表明, 两部定价契约可以协调零售商O2O 供应链, 当突变范围较大时, 作为博弈主导方的零售商将放弃加价销售,转向收取固定的转移支付.

     

基于讨价还价能力的双渠道供应链定价模式选择

针对由网络直销渠道和电子零售渠道组成的双渠道供应链进行研究。基于制造商和零售商之间的谈判能力对比, 通过博弈建模分析了三种零售价定价模式下供应链成员的价格决策和物流服务水平决策。研究表明, 在制造商谈判能力较弱的情况下, 制造商统一定价模式是最优模式; 在制造商谈判能力较强的情况下, 以直销价格为协商基础的分别定价模式是最优模式; 在最优模式下, 制造商和供应链的利润都显著占优, 电子零售商提供的物流服务水平也相应最高, 但电子零售商的利润受定价模式的影响不显著, 最优模式也是双方接受的均衡策略。     

不同风险偏好下双渠道供应链定价决策

为了探讨风险偏好对双渠道供应链决策的影响, 基于条件风险值(CVaR) 准则建立双渠道供应链定价决策模型, 并给出了模型的求解方法和最优解. 研究表明, 根据不同风险偏好程度, 供应链成员会采取不同定价策略; 当制造商风险偏好程度确定、零售商风险规避度增加时, 最优零售价降低, 最优批发价升高, 直销价不减; 当零售商风险偏好度确定、制造商风险规避度增加时, 各最优价格均降低; 风险偏爱的影响则与风险规避相反.

     

考虑价格和服务水平竞争的垂直双渠道供应链决策模型

针对垂直双渠道供应链中零售商在电子直销渠道和传统零售渠道销售同质品的情况,分别建立价格替代系数扰动下、服务水平替代系数扰动下、价格替代系数和服务水平替代系数同时扰动下的需求模型和利润模型,利用求解最优利润的条件,提出3种不同扰动情形的最优决策.研究表明:在一定扰动范围内,制造商可以通过保持产量,调整两条渠道的价格和服务水平获得该情形下的最优利润;当扰动超出一定范围时,制造商可以通过改变产量,调整两条渠道的价格和服务水平获得该情形下的最优利润.     

考虑消费者参考效应的双渠道乳制品供应链协调机制设计

将消费者对乳制品新鲜度的参考效应引入第三方物流(third party logistics, TPL)服务商参与的双渠道乳制品供应链中,考虑到乳制品新鲜度受到制造商加工水平和TPL服务商物流服务水平的共同影响,构建分散式、集中式以及引入基于二部定价的成本共担契约下的微分博弈模型,求解并比较3种情形下供应链成员的最优均衡策略.研究表明:一定条件下,基于二部定价的成本共担契约能够使制造商加工水平、TPL服务商物流服务水平以及供应链整体收益均达到集中式决策下的情形,而且制造商、零售商和TPL服务商的收益相较于分散式决策都能得到帕累托改善,供应链能够实现完美协调;线上或线下渠道乳制品的零售价与该渠道所占的市场份额及渠道间的价格替代系数正相关;消费者的参考效应能够激励制造商和TPL服务商提高各自的努力水平,使供应链收益增加.     

考虑参照价格效应的双渠道供应链协调机制设计

考虑参照价格效应对双渠道供应链运作的影响,构建制造商和实体店间的Stackelberg博弈模型,探讨参照价格效应影响实体店销售价格和网店直销价格的机理,并在此基础上设计一个改善供应链运作的协调机制.研究结果表明:与集中决策模式相比,分散决策模式下的供应链整体利润水平会降低;参照价格效应的存在能够缓解渠道间价格的竞争程度,提升供应链的运作效率;合理设计的两部定价契约能够作为协调双渠道供应链的有效机制.     

消费者等待和转移购买行为下的易逝品定价策略

针对消费者等待和转移两种购买行为下的易逝品销售市场,构建两阶段双寡头零售商降价和匹配定价模型,讨论模型的简化运算方式,分析两种行为构成比例对零售商决策的影响,并进一步论证降价和匹配定价策略的有效性.研究表明,消费者异质购买行为下,等待和转移消费者的构成比例是零售商决策的重要因素,对零售商的期望收益具有双向影响;当消费者延迟购买程度适中时,低需求零售商应主动采取价格匹配策略,并辅以更大程度地降价形成与高需求零售商"不直接对话"的协调,实现市场帕累托改进,否则降价策略是其唯一的可选策略.高需求零售商也可主动采取两周期价格匹配策略,在消费者延迟购买意愿强烈的情况下缓解与低需求零售商的竞争,实现期望收益增加.     

考虑Showrooms效应的供应链定价与渠道模式策略

构建双渠道和线上到线下(O2O)两种模式下的供应链博弈模型,研究Showrooms效应影响下的供应链定价和渠道模式策略选择问题.研究结果表明:无论何种渠道模式,Showrooms效应和线下展厅服务使得制造商和零售商提高线上和线下渠道的零售价格;双渠道模式下制造商将降低批发价格,而O2O模式下制造商不一定降低批发价格.线下展厅服务和Showrooms效应可以增加线上、线下渠道和总需求量,实现零售商利润增加,零售商会提供线下展厅服务并愿意接受O2O模式.只有当Showrooms效应较小时,制造商选择O2O模式,此模式在大部分条件下可以提高供应链运作效率.因此,当Showrooms效应和线上渠道需求比例满足一定条件时,O2O模式是制造商和零售商的一致选择,从而实现由双渠道模式到O2O模式的成功转型.     

需求依赖于产品价格和消费者时间偏好的定价与订货决策

研究产品的市场需求依赖于价格和消费者时间偏好情形下的供应链及其成员的最优定价与订货问题. 利用时间偏好因子刻画消费者的时间偏好, 利用产品市场需求关于零售价格的弹性指数反映消费者的价格敏感程度, 建立存在强势零售商、强势供应商和供需双方势力均衡3 种渠道权力结构下的定价与订货模型. 数值结果表明, 在3 种渠道权力结构下, 消费者的时间偏好和产品市场需求关于零售价格的弹性指数是供应链主导者最优定价、订货量和期望利润的单调减函数, 将其纳入定价与订货决策的影响因素予以考量能够增加供应链主导者的最大期望利润.

     

竞争环境下两个B2C服务共享平台的均衡决策

针对服务共享中某个时段内可能出现供小于需或供大于需的情形(即情形S或情形G),研究竞争环境下两个B2C服务共享平台的最优定价与服务水平决策.首先,构建每种情形下两个平台的Nash博弈模型,并通过求解模型得到均衡结果,包括服务价格、服务水平、实际需求和平台利润.进一步地,分析不同情形下共享产品投放量对均衡结果的影响.研究结果表明:若两个平台总的共享产品投放量小于一个阈值,则情形S下一个平台的最优服务价格与共享服务水平均大于情形G下该平台的最优服务价格与服务水平.若两个平台总的共享产品投放量满足一定条件,则情形S下一个平台的利润大于情形G下该平台的利润.当消费者针对共享产品的平均使用量较大时,情形S下的社会福利大于情形G下的社会福利.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate