形式背景同构判定的等价类算法

同构生成概念格是获取概念格的另一途径，而形式背景同构判定是这一方法的前提，也是决定整个算法时间复杂度的关键。本文提出的基于等价类法的形式背景同构判定算法，有效地提高了同构判定的效率。结合形式背景的分解和约简等手段，为概念格的构造提供了一种有实用价值的方法。本文对该方法的原理和算法设计进行了较详细的讨论，并通过实验，验证了算法的正确性和有效性。     

基于最大概念的概念格增量构造算法

针对增量概念格构造过程中,节点更新和生成元判定效率较低、边更新阶段的复杂度较高等问题,提出基于最大概念的概念格增量构造算法,通过跟踪与概念格中的概念具有相同真实内涵的最大概念,简化生成元的判断过程。该算法缩小了寻找新生节点父节点时的搜索范围,避免对生成元非必要边的判断,提高构造概念格的速度。复杂度分析结果表明,该算法的时间性能优于其他同类算法。     

基于内涵亏值的概念格渐进式构建

为了避免构建概念格时的繁琐过程,提高概念格构建的效率,提出了一种基于内涵亏值通过查找顶元素来快速渐进式生成概念格的新方法。首先,形式化地定义了顶元素、旧概念、产生概念、新概念、产生子概念、内涵亏值集合、剩留父概念、超集删除与正则队列;提出了概念格元素是否为顶元素的判定定理并给出了其证明;其次,在原概念格的正则队列中依次取概念元素,经超集删除后得到剩留父概念;最后,从剩留父概念查找其所在等价类的顶元素,逐步生成新概念格的正则队列。理论分析时间复杂度较基于属性的渐进式概念格生成（CLIF_A）算法与FastAddIntent算法有效降低,在实验例证对比中,概念数目大于150时,所用时间远少于对比算法。实验结果表明该算法方法简单,构建效率较对比算法明显提高。     

基于邻域等价类的同构子图搜索算法

节点异质图常作为复杂网络的数据模型,同构子图搜索是异质图挖掘过程中的重要问题,但现有算法的子图去重步骤降低了搜索效率。为此,基于Turbo_(ISO)算法中的邻域等价类(NEC)概念,提出同构子图搜索算法NEC-COMB。该算法包含预处理、节点顺序确定、子图同构匹配和子图提取4个部分,在子图同构匹配时对NEC中的节点使用组合策略,避免等价节点重复匹配。实验结果表明,与经典算法VF2,GraphQL,Turbo_(ISO)相比,NEC-COMB可有效提高搜索效率,优化去重效果。     

区间概念格的纵向合并算法

为解决直接对不同形式背景的数据构建区间概念格后分别抽取关联规则会存在规则缺失的实际问题,必须首先对不同的区间概念格进行合并.为提高格结构的生成与合并效率,首先对区间概念格的渐进式生成算法进行改进,将概念分为存在概念、冗余概念和空概念,分别以结构体的形式存储;进一步,分析区间概念格中外延和内涵之间的二元关系,给出了区间概念格纵向合并的充分条件——区间概念格的一致性;讨论了内涵一致的概念在合并后分为六种情况,并给出相应的判定定理;应用广度优先原则,通过对原区间概念格节点内涵的类型判定及不同的处理方法,设计了一种区间概念格的纵向合并算法.最后,通过实例验证了算法的有效性和高效性.     

新的等价类生成算法—生成支法*

目前,基于排序的等价类生成算法存在以下不足:排序后仍需高达 O（|B| |U|）的时间复杂度重复进行 运算才求得等价类,为此,设计了一种新算法。新算法采用孩子兄弟表示法,将生成等价类的过程定义为一棵二 叉树,主要采取了边生成节点边访问,一旦求得某个等价类便释放相应分支节点空间的方法。其时间复杂度为 O（|C| |U|）,空间复杂度为O（|U|）,为求等价类提供了一个新的解决办法。     

基于二元关系消减的概念格维护算法

针对有限空间下如何快速维护概念格的问题,提出一种消减形式背景中冗余二元关系的概念格维护算法。传统的算法删除冗余关系后需要重新构造概念格,这种方式较为费时。而所提算法能够在原始概念格的基础上直接调整得到新概念格的方法,可以处理任意位置的二元关系消减的情况。它采用自底向上广度优先方式遍历格节点,首先根据当前节点是否同时包含冗余关系对象和冗余关系属性,将当前节点分为受影响的节点和不变节点;然后根据当前节点与父子节点的外延和内涵的关系,再将受影响的节点细分为4类,即减对象节点、减属性节点、分割节点、删除节点;最后根据父子节点的类型更新边。实验结果表明,在一定程度上与传统算法相比,所提算法能够获得更好的时间性能。     

基于ROBDD的布尔函数同构判定算法研究

布尔函数是密码体制设计与分析中一个不可缺少的工具,在布尔函数的应用中,判定两个布尔函数的同构问题具有广泛的需求,但是,判定布尔函数同构是NP-难问题,并且采取穷举法也将随着变量的增多,因极高的时间复杂度而使其难以实现.该文基于图的思想,提出了一种基于ROBDD(简化有序二元决策图)的布尔函数同构判定算法,其算法的复杂度...     

基于约简概念格的关联规则提取改进算法*

概念格是关联规则挖掘领域中的一种重要技术,在概念格上生成所有的频繁项集需要对概念格的节点进行排序并进行一一比较。为了提高在概念格上生成频繁项集的效率,本文提出了一个基于约简概念格的生成频繁项集的新算法。该算法通过利用节点之间的父子关系能够直接生成生成全部频繁项集,省略了对节点进行排序的时间开销,并且大大减少了节点比较的次数,从而提高了频繁项集的生成效率。实验结果证明了其可靠性和高效性。     

基于概念格同构下的属性约简及其算法研究

通过研究概念格和同构理论,发现不同的概念格之间存在同构关系,并引入算子E=A-D和G=E-D**,给出一系列概念格同构的判定定理。基于概念格同构这一理论,对形式背景的属性约简及最小属性约简集的算法进行初步研究,为应用概念格进行数据挖掘提供新的理论依据。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate