氯乙烯精馏控制模式的分析及实践

在对氯乙烯精馏这个复杂生产过程工艺及控制的分析基础上,提出了低沸塔回流、低塔釜加热、中间过料、高塔回流、高塔釜加热、成品冷凝等回路的控制模型。并介绍了用开放的DCS进行的组态、调试过程。因其图形化组态工具的直观、灵活、功能强,使复杂的控制问题简单化,且控制对工况变化的适应性强。经生产实际运行表明,产品质量、生产能力均超过预期值。     

一种保护青少年脊柱健康的减重背包设计与研究

目前市面上的青少年背包主要通过肩部来进行载荷,而忽略了腰部载荷的作用。背包长期负重 不当会影响脊柱生长。为了平衡肩部、腰部和臀部的载荷,设计一种通过臀部带和弹性杆结构改变重力传递方 式的减重背包。首先对人体背包进行生物力学分析,提出设计方案;然后借助 ADAMS 对传统背包与减重背包 在平地、上坡、下坡 3 种路况下进行人体肩部、腰部和臀部载荷的动力学仿真,并利用 MATLAB 对 2 种背包 的肩部、腰部和臀部的力矩进行分析。结果表明减重背包减轻了肩部 6.1%和腰部 5.4%力矩;减重背包肩部力 矩与腰臀部合力矩的比值是 4.17,而传统背包的比值是 6.58。减重背包减少了肩部和腰部的载荷,同时发现肩 部力矩与腰、臀部合力矩的比值越小,转移到臀部的力矩越大,背包的平衡性越好,表明了减重背包优于传统 背包。     

Fuzzy risk analysis based on the ranking of generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

In this paper, we present a new method for fuzzy risk analysis based on the ranking of generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The proposed method considers the centroid points and the standard deviations of generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for ranking generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. We also use an example to compare the ranking results of the proposed method with the existing centroid-index ranking methods. The proposed ranking method can overcome the drawbacks of the existing centroid-index ranking methods. Based on the proposed ranking method, we also present an algorithm to deal with fuzzy risk analysis problems. The proposed fuzzy risk analysis algorithm can overcome the drawbacks of the one we presented in [7]. Shi-Jay Chen was born in 1972, in Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. He received the B.S. degree in information management from the Kaohsiung Polytechnic Institute, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and the M.S. degree in information management from the Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, in 1997 and 1999, respectively. He received the Ph.D. degree at the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, in October 2004. His research interests include fuzzy systems, multicriteria fuzzy decisionmaking, and artificial intelligence. Shyi-Ming Chen was born on January 16, 1960, in Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. He received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, in June 1991. From August 1987 to July 1989 and from August 1990 to July 1991, he was with the Department of Electronic Engineering, Fu-Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan. From August 1991 to July 1996, he was an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. From August 1996 to July 1998, he was a Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. From August 1998 to July 2001, he was a Professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. Since August 2001, he has been a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. He was a Visiting Scholar in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, in 1999. He was a Visiting Scholar in the Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Republic of China, in 2003. He has published more than 250 papers in referred journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. His research interests include fuzzy systems, information retrieval, knowledge-based systems, artificial intelligence, neural networks, data mining, and genetic algorithms. Dr. Chen has received several honors and awards, including the 1994 Outstanding Paper Award o f the Journal of Information and Education, the 1995 Outstanding Paper Award of the Computer Society of the Republic of China, the 1995 and 1996 Acer Dragon Thesis Awards for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision, the 1995 Xerox Foundation Award for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision, the 1996 Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering Award for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision, the 1997 National Science Council Award, Republic of China, for Outstanding Undergraduate Student's Project Supervision, the 1997 Outstanding Youth Electrical Engineer Award of the Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering, Republic of China, the Best Paper Award of the 1999 National Computer Symposium, Republic of China, the 1999 Outstanding Paper Award of the Computer Society of the Republic of China, the 2001 Institute of Information and Computing Machinery Thesis Award for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision, the 2001 Outstanding Talented Person Award, Republic of China, for the contributions in Information Technology, the 2002 Institute of information and Computing Machinery Thesis Award for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision, the Outstanding Electrical Engineering Professor Award granted by the Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering (CIEE), Republic of China, the 2002 Chinese Fuzzy Systems Association Best Thesis Award for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision, the 2003 Outstanding Paper Award of the Technological and Vocational Education Society, Republic of China, the 2003 Acer Dragon Thesis Award for Outstanding Ph.D. Dissertation Supervision, the 2005 “Operations Research Society of Taiwan” Award for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision, the 2005 Acer Dragon Thesis Award for Outstanding Ph.D. Dissertation Supervision, the 2005 Taiwan Fuzzy Systems Association Award for Outstanding Ph.D. Dissertation Supervision, and the 2006 “Operations Research Society of Taiwan” Award for Outstanding M.S. Thesis Supervision. Dr. Chen is currently the President of the Taiwanese Association for Artificial Intelligence (TAAI). He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, a member of the ACM, the International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA), and the Phi Tau Phi Scholastic Honor Society. He was an administrative committee member of the Chinese Fuzzy Systems Association (CFSA) from 1998 to 2004. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part C, an Associate Editor of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, an Associate Editor of the Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, an Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Applied Intelligence, an Editor of the New Mathematics and Natural Computation Journal, an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, an Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, an Editorial Board Member of the WSEAS Transactions on Systems, an Editor of the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, an Associate Editor of the WSEAS Transactions on Computers, an Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, an Editorial Board Member of the Advances in Fuzzy Sets and Systems Journal, an Editor of the International Journal of Soft Computing, an Editor of the Asian Journal of Information Technology, an Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Intelligence Systems Technologies and Applications, an Editor of the Asian Journal of Information Management, an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, and an Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology. He was an Editor of the Journal of the Chinese Grey System Association from 1998 to 2003. He is listed in International Who's Who of Professionals, Marquis Who's Who in the World, and Marquis Who's Who in Science and Engineering.     

数字孪生流域建设监督检查实践及问题分析

当前,水利部正在大力推进智慧水利建设,数字孪生流域是智慧水利建设的核心与关键。水利部在推进数字孪生流域建设工作会议和全国水利工作会议上明确提出要加快数字孪生流域建设。为保障数字孪生流域建设高效、顺利开展,水利部组织对数字流域建设先行先试单位建设情况进行了监督检查,检查内容包括组织推进、工作进展、项目成果、应用成效、共建共享、其他等五方面。本文详细列举了数字孪生流域建设监督检查中发现的典型问题,从项目管理、需求调研、数据共享、专业模型、标准规范、监督检查等方面深入分析了问题发生的原因,有针对性地提出了改进工作的建议,对数字孪生流域、数字孪生工程、数字孪生水网建设全过程管理具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

基于RFID的供港蔬菜安全监管溯源系统

为保障供港蔬菜的安全,提高供港蔬菜的安全监管能力,本文从检验检疫部门监管工作实际出发,提出了基于射频识别技术的供港蔬菜安全监管溯源系统．首先介绍了RFID技术及其主要功能,通过检验检疫角度提出供港蔬菜的业务框架结构、技术框架结构和安全保障体系结构,在此基础上设计溯源系统种植基地、加工厂、口岸和超市四个点的功能需求,并规定了溯源系统与RFID的接口标准．实践证明,该系统能够实现供港蔬菜流转中的每一管理节点的上下游追溯,实现管理者对蔬菜从原料、生产、运输到销售全过程的了解和把握,使企业的生产、仓储、通关、配送过程更加便捷,全面保证了蔬菜集装箱在运输过程的完好性,满足了供港蔬菜的安全溯源监管体系需求．该系统对食品的安全监管、产品的伪劣甄别有着重要的启示作用和意义．     

面向物联网的区块链共识机制综述

随着数字货币的不断发展,区块链技术引起越来越多人的关注,而对其关键技术共识机制的研究尤为重要。将区块链技术应用在物联网（IoT）中是目前研究的热点问题之一。共识机制是区块链的核心技术之一,其在去中心化程度、交易处理速度、交易确认延迟、安全性以及可扩展性等方面对IoT产生了重要影响。首先对IoT的体系结构特征以及资源受限问题造成的轻量化问题作了阐述,对在IoT中实现区块链所面临的问题作了简要概述,并结合比特币的运行流程对IoT中的区块链需求进行了分析;其次,把共识机制分为证明类、拜占庭类和有向无环图（DAG）类,研究了这些不同类别的共识机制的工作原理,在通信复杂度上分析它们与IoT的适应度,总结它们的优缺点,并对现有的共识机制和IoT结合的架构进行了调研分析;最后,针对IoT面临的中心机构运行成本高、可扩展性差、安全性存在隐患等问题进行了深入研究,分析结果表明,基于DAG技术的埃欧塔（IOTA）和Byteball共识机制在交易数量很多的情况下具有交易处理速度快、可扩展性好、安全性强的优点,是未来IoT领域区块链共识机制的发展方向。     

物联网技术在中原油田的应用前景

物联网是信息技术和工业化发展融合的产物,是互联网的延伸和扩展。在计算机技术发展和工业信息化不断推进的背景下,中原油田已经充分认识到信息化改造对提升竞争力的重要性,物联网是建设数字油田、智能油田的关键。物联网能够将物品与互联网相连接,进行信息交换和通信,以实现对物品的智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理。本文首先简要介绍物联网发展现状,其次介绍了物联网关键技术,最后介绍了物联网在中原油田的应用前景。     

污水处理生化池曝气量的智能控制系统

针对国内大多数污水处理厂曝气量的分配、供应效果很不理想,溶解氧浓度控制滞后、精度低、波动大、能耗高以及直接影响处理效果。本文叙述了已成功开发并应用的污水处理生化池曝气量的智能控制系统。该系统能在水质水量不变时和变化时,采用串级、前馈、反馈控制和智能模型,保证曝气平衡,并根据阀门的开度大小,调节鼓风机的操作压力,达到节能的目的。本文对控制系统的设计思想、系统配置、控制算法、软件设计作了重点介绍,并给出了实际使用效果。     

基于计算机辅助的医学图像测量与控制方法研究

医学图像常规检查中,需要对目标图像进行测量以获取相关数据。测量主要集中在对距离,面积,角度以及周长等数据的获取。由于医学检测的严谨性,数据准确,方法简便是必不可少的要求。随着计算机技术的发展,其在医学中的应用也得到了广泛的推崇。计算机辅助的医学图像测量不但替代了传统的手工测量方式,也极大地提高了测量的精度与效率。分析医学图像测量算法,针对如何确定目标区域的问题设计了颜色填充的方法,可有效区分出目标区域图像。为了提高该算法的效率,进一步提出了其改进算法,降低了算法执行次数,提高了系统性能。     

计算机病毒的遗传自进化研究预测

针对普遍对计算机病毒自进化认识不全面的现状,以及现今反病毒技术较为传统,并滞后于病毒发展的问题,剖析了计算机病毒的人工生命特性,对现有计算机病毒的变异方式进行了总结,在此基础上对计算机病毒的进化方式进行预测,预测了基于遗传算法的病毒自进化方式,详细解释了其可能的工作机理,包括染色体形成、种群平均适应度定义、个体适应度函数的确定以及交叉、变异操作的改进。依据这种预测思想针对性地改进反病毒技术可以更有效地遏制病毒的蔓延和发展,保障网络信息安全。     

变精度下不完备混合数据的增量式属性约简方法

为了解决当不完备混合决策系统中数据动态增加时,静态属性约简方法的计算复杂度高的问题,提出变精度下不完备混合数据的增量式属性约简方法。首先,在变精度模型下给出了利用条件熵度量属性的重要性程度;然后,详细分析和设计了当数据动态增加时条件熵的增量式更新变化情况和属性约简的更新机制;在此基础上,利用启发式贪心策略构造了增量式的属性约简算法,实现了不完备的数值型和符号型混合数据下属性约简的动态更新。通过UCI数据集中五个真实的混合型数据集的实验比较和分析,在约简效果方面,利用增量式属性约简算法处理Echocardiogram、Hepatitis、Autos、Credit和Dermatology数据集的增量规模为90%+10%时,数据集的原属性个数分别由12、19、25、17和34个约简至6、7、10、11和13个,分别占原属性集的50.0%、36.8%、40.0%、64.7%和38.2%;在执行时间方面,增量式算法在五个数据集的平均耗时分别为2.99 s、3.13 s、9.70 s、274.19 s和50.87 s,静态算法的平均耗时分别为284.92 s、302.76 s、1062.23 s、3510.79 s和667.85 s,且增量式算法的耗时与数据集的实例规模、属性个数和属性值类型的分布相关。实验结果表明,增量式属性约简算法在计算耗时方面要显著优于静态算法,且能有效剔除数据中的冗余属性。     

互联网+火力发电厂智能规范化管理

摘要：现发电企业仍采用传统的管理模式，但新体制模式的应用，导致各岗位员工数量大幅度减少，致使员工劳动强度大幅度增加。因此急需随之优化管理方法。本文从火力发电厂智能规范管理系统出发，详细介绍了互联网在智能安防、管理人员上岗到位、施工管理、生产系统规范管理、班组档案等基础管理过程中的应用情况。从电力行业现管理状态入手，分析了传统的管理模式已不适应时代发展的需要，“大、云、物、移、智”技术已经成熟，走进了各行各业，信息化管理带给我们管理方法的革新。本系统充分利用互联网技术，规范了发电企业管理流程，实现了各项工作的自动跟踪、考核等功能。同时PC机及手持终端同步应用，共享数据库。管理人员只要在网络覆盖的区域，可以通过手持终端完成工作任务的下发、检查、审核、批准及考核，利用二维码，实时掌握生产在用仪表、工器具及安全设施定期检查、标准仪表定期检定、生产现场人员信息、班组基层档案管理情况。在PC机上不仅可以进行所有功能的使用，也可调阅手持终端上完成的各项工作情况。丰富了管理手段，提高了劳动效率，有效控制了各项工作的完成。     

新闻推荐算法可信评价研究

随着AI、5G、AR/VR等新技术的快速发展,内容类应用如电子商务、社交网络、短视频等层出不穷,导致信息过载问题日益严重。人工智能技术的发展推动了智能算法的爆炸式运用,作为智能算法的一种,推荐算法在大数据、应用场景和计算力的推动下,通过信息过滤技术,为用户提供适应兴趣及行为的个性化及高质量的推荐服务,逐步提高了用户的使用体验、内容分发效率,在一定程度上缓解了信息过载的问题。但推荐算法的潜在偏见、黑盒化特性及内容分发方式也逐渐带来了决策结果不公平性、不可解释性,信息茧房、侵犯用户隐私等安全挑战。如何提高推荐算法的可解释性、公平性、可信程度等越来越受到国内外政府监管部门、产业及学术界的重点关注,推荐系统和推荐算法也由此从发展期进入管制期。为此,本文针对新闻推荐领域,分析推荐算法的稿件画像、用户画像、推荐推送、反馈干预和人工复审等关键要素,围绕推荐算法生态的参与者,如内容生产者、受众、算法模型、新闻平台,从公平性、可解释性和抗抵赖性三个方面提出了一种新闻推荐算法可信评价体系,并进行定量或定性分析。公平性、可解释性和抗抵赖性是正相关关系,当公平性和抗抵赖性越强、可解释程度越高,新闻推荐算法的可信度越高。希望弥补新闻推荐算法领域的可信研究的空白,建立可信推荐算法生态,加速安全推荐系统的建立和推广,同时为智能算法可信研究提供参考,为智能算法的监管和治理提供思路。     

Construction method of shop-floor digital twin based on MBSE

Digital twin (DT) technology is essential for achieving the fusion of virtual-real cyber-physical systems. Academics and companies have made great strides in the theoretical research and case studies of constructing the shop-floor digital twin (SDT), which is the premise of applying DT technology on the shop floor. A shop floor is a large complex system that involves many elements including people, machines, materials, methods, and the environment and processes, such as the technical flow, business process, logistics, and control flow. However, most of the developed cases lack a hierarchical, structured and modularized implementation framework for the development of an SDT system, which leads to problems such as a low reuse rate of the system blocks, lack of scalability, and high upgrade and maintenance costs. In response to these issues, we propose a construction method of the DT for the shop floor based on model-based systems engineering from the perspective of the system. In this method, a comprehensive DT model for the shop floor is gradually constructed by using system modeling language, the modeling method “MagicGrid,” and the “V model” of systems engineering. The model includes four dimensions of the shop-floor requirements, structure, behavior, and parameters, as well as three stages (the problem domain, solution domain, and implementation domain), and connects nine steps of the “V model,” including the system requirements, system architecture, subsystem implementation, subsystem integration, and system verification. Then, based on an example of a real NC machining shop floor, subsystems including a visualization system, synchronization system, and simulation system, are discussed. Finally, the functions of the integrated systems are verified based on the requirements, including the real-time synchronization of “man, machine, material, and method” and the transient simulation in real time. The numerical indicators of the integrated system are verified, including the model completeness and synchronization timeliness.     

Kinematics of a Hybrid Manipulator by Means of Screw Theory

In this work the kinematics of a hybrid manipulator, namely a fully parallel-serial manipulator, with a particular topology is approached by means of the theory of screws. Given the length of the six independent limbs, the forward position analysis of the mechanism under study, indeed the computation of the resulting pose, position and orientation, of the end-platform with respect to the fixed platform, is carried out in closed-form solution. Therefore conveniently this initial analysis avoids the use of a numerical technique such as the Newton-Raphson method. Writing in screw form the reduced acceleration state of the translational platform, with respect to the fixed platform, a simple expression for the computation of the acceleration of the translational platform is derived by taking advantage of the properties of reciprocal screws, via the Klein form, a bilinear symmetric form of the Lie algebra e(3). Following a similar procedure, a simple expression for the computation of the angular acceleration of the end-platform, with respect to the translational platform, is easily derived. Naturally, as an intermediate step, this contribution also provides the forward and inverse velocity analyses of the chosen parallel-serial manipulator. Finally, in order to prove the versatility of the expressions obtained via screw theory for solving the kinematics, up to the acceleration analysis, of the proposed spatial mechanism, a numerical example is solved with the help of commercial computer codes.     

中国书法的文化性关切

书法通过线、形、墨、空白、纸张的和谐性的展示,表现了书法的力、势、骨、气、韵、趣等美感性,目击道存般的人格心性以及情韵境界的高迈性。书法背后的相关文化元素至少包含技法的哲理性、内容的诗意性、印章的感染性、音乐的律动性、绘画的同源性与冲击力、审美的体验性以及境界的和谐性等。     

互联网冷思维

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