基于库所指标的Petri网分解方法

一、引言 Petri网是系统模拟和分析的有效工具。对于一个规模较大的网系统,由于变迁和库所数目的增多,其分析显得比较麻烦。针对这个问题,国内外的许多学者作了大量的工作,他们提出了网化简、网运算,定义了化简子网、逐次化简以及针对特殊子网、特殊结构的化简方法。文[6]和文[7]分别给出了网系统的“和分解”和“并分解”方法,并讨论了通过这两种分解方法得到的子网同原网在结构性质方面的对应关系。本文通过指定库所集的指标函数,给出一种基于库所指标集的Petri网分解方法,通过分解得到结构简单的子网系统:|t|≤1且|t|≤1,原系统的状态和语言与子系统之间存在着一种投影关系,通过子网间的同步合成可得到原系统的状态和行为,对用Petri网分析大规模系统提供了一种有效的方法。由于篇幅所限,本文没有介绍Petri网的基本概念和术     

基于库所指标分解的Petri网活性与公平性分析

Petri网的分解技术是用于复杂网系统分析的一种有效手段．基于库所指标的Petri网分解方法，将一个复杂的网系统分解成结构简单的子网，分解后的子网保持原网系统的语言行为不变当且仅当具有公共变迁的子网的可达图关于公共变迁是同构的．若分解过程中保持系统的语言行为不变，则在Petri网的活性和公平性方面有着对应关系．本文基于分解给出了Petri网活性判定的充要条件和公平性判定的定理，对基于分解的复杂系统的Petri网分析方法提供了更为有效的理论和可行的技术．     

基于变迁指标分解的Petri网性质分析

Petri网的分解技术是复杂网系统分析的一种重要手段,基于变迁指标的分解方法将系统分解为一组T-网。通过获得分解子网的结构性质以及子网与原网间的性质保持关系,得到了判定原网结构性质的一些方法和结论;同时给出了判定原网系统活性的一个条件。所得结果为结构复杂Petri网的性质分析提供了有效的方法。     

Petri网化简技术的动态特性研究

对于大而复杂的Petri网,“节点过多,状态爆炸”一直是阻碍其技术发展的主要问题,因此,如何有效地简化Petri网一直是Petri网研究领域的一个研究热点。将Petri网简化为若干子网是一个很有效的方法。提出了库所指标概念,根据该指标,给出了Petri网的分解定义,并给出了相关算法。在此基础上,依据所给出的算法研究化简技术的动态特性,将子网与原网的特性对应起来进行研究,为复杂系统的Petri网的分析提供了一种有效的途径。     

基于精炼操作的Petri网建模及其分析方法

针对复杂系统的Petri网建模及其分析问题,定义了Petri网的精炼操作及其相关的Petri网模型.基于序列投影,建立精炼Petri网与原网、子网间的动态行为关联关系,并分析了该精炼操作的相关动态性质,得到一组性质保持判据.最后,基于该方法实现了一个顺序资源共享系统的应用案例的建模及其分析.所提出的方法不仅为复杂系统的Petri建模提供了新的思路,而且有助于复杂Petri网模型的分析和验证.     

基于库所指标分解的Petri网结构性质分析

Petri网的分解技术是复杂网系统分析的一种重要手段,基于库所指标的分解方法将系统分解为一组S-网。基于库所指标的分解方法来分析原网的结构性质,得到了原网对子网结构性质的保持关系,并给出了几种通过子网直接判定原网结构性质的方法,为结构复杂Petri网的性质分析提供了有效的方法。     

基于T-图的复杂Petri网约简算法研究

为了解决Petri网并行控制和模拟运行的问题,提出基于T-图的复杂Petri网并行约简方法。根据Petri网的并发性,给出基于T-图的Petri网模型的子网划分原理,提出子网划分的条件,并给出理论证明和实例验证;在此基础上,提出基于T-图的Petri网的子网划分算法,并对其子网划分过程相关概念进行形式化;最后,给出一个银行存取款系统的应用示例,对其Petri网模型的子网划分进行理论分析和算法的编程验证,实验结果与理论分析相一致。实验结果表明,该算法是对复杂结构Petri网进行划分、化简、分析的一种有效方法。     

基于变迁指标的Petri网分解方法

通过定义Petri网变迁的指标函数，给出一种基于变迁指标的Petri网分解方法，通过分解得到子网系统均为结构简单的T-网。分析了原网系统与子系统在结构性质和动态性质方面的对应关系。并且证明了通过子网之间的共享合成可以得到原先的网系统，这为Petri网用于复杂的物理系统分析提供了可靠的理论依据和技术手段。     

基于Petri网分解技术的自动化物流系统建模分析*

针对西安科技大学自动化物流系统的任务规划,提出了一种基于变迁指标和库所指标融合的Petri网分解方法。采用Petri网理论对该物流系统建立模型,给出定义,在此基础上采用提出的Petri网分解方法得到融合了T网和S网特性的最小子网。通过分析该最小子网,得出Petri网模型的活性和有界性,据此推断出物流系统的任务规划合理有效。该方法大大减少了直接分析子网或原Petri网模型的计算量,可避免全局或局部死锁,为系统良好运行提供了依据。     

Petri网极小虹吸的计算方法与性能分析

虹吸是Petri网的一种重要结构,可以用来分析所模拟系统的许多重要特性,如可达性、可逆性和活性等.文中首先提出了虹吸子网的概念,并给出了将Petri网划分成虹吸子网的多项式算法,进而给出其性能分析.通过求解虹吸子网的极小虹吸得到原Petri网的所有极小虹吸.而对于每个虹吸子网,首先求解它的一个极小虹吸,并根据此极小虹吸对子网进行分解,将分解得到的子网做类似原网的处理过程,直到每个子网的位置集就是一个极小虹吸或不包含任何极小虹吸为止.性能分析及实验表明,所构造的求解Petri网所有极小虹吸的算法是一个有效的算法.     

基于随机Petri网的可修系统可用性模糊评价

结合模糊集理论和随机Petri网理论提出了一种可修系统可用性建模与分析的新方法——模糊随机Petri网方法。随机Petri网的状态可达图同构于连续时间马尔可夫链，由可达图可得到系统的稳定状态概率方程组。利用模糊代数理论解该模糊方程组即可得到系统转移概率和各种性能指标的模糊数，通过解模糊可得到系统的可用性指标值。文章进行了实例分析并与已有文献作比较，举例进行分析求解，结果表明该方法是可行的。     

Modeling and analysis of colored petri net based on the semi-tensor product of matrices

This paper applies the model petri net method based on the semi-tensor product of matrices to colored petri net. Firstly, we establish the marking evolution equation for colored petri net by using the semitensor product of matrices. Then we define the concept of controllability and the control-marking adjacency matrix for colored petri net. Based on the marking evolution equation and control-marking adjacency matrix, we give the necessary and sufficient condition of reachability and controllability for colored petri net. The algorithm to verify the reachability of colored petri net is given, and we analyze the computational complexity of the algorithm. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theory. The significance of the paper lies in the application of the model petri net method based on the semitensor product of matrices to colored petri net. This is a convenient way of verifying whether one marking is reachable from another one as well as finding all firing sequences between any two reachable markings. Additionally, the method lays the foundations for the analysis of other properties of colored petri net.     

Feedback-reversibility and reachability of linear impulsive systems

For a linear impulsive system, the set of states that are reachable from the origin when the initial time, impulse times, and final time are fixed is contained in an invariant subspace determined by the system data. It is known that reversibility of the system is sufficient to yield, for a specified initial time, the existence of some impulse time set and final time for which the reachable set equals the invariant subspace. In this paper, we relax the reversibility requirement and present a condition that is necessary as well as sufficient under which this property holds. This new condition involves the property of achieving reversibility via feedback and admits an explicit geometric characterization. Moreover, this feedback-reversibility property only needs to hold for the subsystem defined as the full system restricted to the invariant subspace. We further show that feedback-reversibility of the restricted system ensures that the reachable set equals the invariant subspace for almost any impulse time set and final time for which the number of impulse times contained in the underlying time interval exceeds a lower bound.     

Modeling,Reachability and Controllability of Bounded Petri Nets Based on Semi‐Tensor Product of Matrices

In this paper, we present a comprehensive modeling technique for bounded Petri net systems (BPNSs) in the framework of the semi‐tensor product (STP) of matrices. The two dynamic properties of BPNSs, namely, reachability and controllability, are investigated systematacially. First, the dynamics of a bounded Petri net system (BPNS), by resorting to the STP of matrices, are expressed in the form of a discrete‐time bilinear equation, which is called the marking evolution equation (MEE) of BPNSs. Second, controllability and transition‐marking adjacency matrix (TMAM) of BPNSs are defined, respectively. Further, several necessary and sufficient conditions for reachability and controllability of BPNSs are given in terms of the MEE and TMAM. Third, an efficient algorithm to verify reachability property of BPNSs, in this paper, is provided, as well as its computational complexity. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the theoretical results in this paper. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of a precise mathematical model for BPNSs. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that not only it can be applied to verify whether or not any given marking is reachable from the other in state space, but also it is very convenient to find all firing sequences between any two reachable markings.     

基于CPEBSDL通信协议的Petri网建模方法

结合CPEBSDL描述语言、Petri网可达图、Petri网进程等协议分析方法,提出一种基于通信协议建立Petri网模型的方法——PMA_CPEBSDL。该方法利用CPEBSDL语言描述了通信协议实体的行为,自动地对协议建立Petri模型。协议的进程分析方法和可达图分析方法使协议的测试更加准确、直观。结合一个实例,给出LAPD协议完整的建模过程及协议验证和测试的方法。     

改进的最小割集生成算法与联锁系统模型的安全性测试*

为保证铁路联锁模型的安全性,在故障分析法的基础上提出一种新的用Petri网来建立故障树的方法,动态地描述铁路联锁系统的安全性需求,并根据Petri网安全需求模型的可达标志图,提出一种能自动生成最小割集的算法。根据算法生成的最小割集,设计了一个联锁安全检测器,用于检测和控制联锁系统模型处于安全状态。最后用CPN工具对所建立的联锁系统模型进行仿真,仿真结果表明联锁安全检测器能够保证模型的安全性。     

A deadlock prevention approach for a class of timed Petri nets using elementary siphons

To solve the problem of deadlock prevention for timed Petri nets, an effective deadlock prevention policy based on elementary siphons is proposed in this paper. Without enumerating reachable markings, deadlock prevention is achieved by adding monitors for elementary siphons, increasing control depth variables when necessary, and removing implicit, liveness‐restricted and redundant control places. The final supervisor is live. First, a timed Petri net is stretched into a stretched Petri net (SPN). Unchanging the system performance, each transition in the SPN has a unit delay time. Then the siphon‐control‐based approach is applied. Monitors computed according to the marking constraints are added to the SPN model to ensure all strict minimal siphons in the net invariant‐controlled. A liveness‐enforcing supervisor with simple structure can be obtained by reverting the SPN into a TdPN. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society