基于启发式蚁群算法的VRP问题研究

针对蚁群算法求解VRP问题时收敛速度慢,求解质量不高的缺点,把城市和仓库间的距离矩阵和路径节约矩阵信息融入到初始信息素矩阵中作为启发式信息引入到蚁群算法中用于求解有容量限制的车辆路径规划问题（CVRP）,在三个基准数据集上的实验研究表明,基于启发式信息的蚁群算法与基本蚁群算法相比能够以较快的速度收敛到较好的解。     

Ant colony algorithm for satellite control resource scheduling problem

With the increasing number of satellite, the satellite control resource scheduling problem (SCRSP) has been main challenge for satellite networks. SCRSP is a constrained and large scale combinatorial problem. More and more researches focus on how to allocate various measurement and control resources effectively to ensure the normal running of the satellites. However, the sparse solution space of SCRSP leads its complexity especially for traditional optimization algorithms. As the validity of ant colony optimization (ACO) has been shown in many combinatorial optimization problems, a simple ant colony optimization algorithm (SACO) to solve SCRSP is presented in this paper. Firstly, we give a general mathematical model of SCRSP. Then, a optimization model, called conflict construction graph, based on visible arc and working period is introduced to reduce workload of dispatchers. To meet the requirements of TT & C network and make the algorithm more practical, we make the parameters of SACO as constant, which include the bounds, update and initialization of pheromone. The effect of parameters on the algorithm performance is studied by experimental method based on SCRSP. Finally, the performance of SACO is compared with other novel ACO algorithms to show the feasibility and effectiveness of improvements.     

Runtime Analysis of an Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for TSP Instances

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a relatively new random heuristic approach for solving optimization problems. The main application of the ACO algorithm lies in the field of combinatorial optimization, and the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is the first benchmark problem to which the ACO algorithm has been applied. However, relatively few results on the runtime analysis of the ACO on the TSP are available. This paper presents the first rigorous analysis of a simple ACO algorithm called (1 + 1) MMAA (Max-Min ant algorithm) on the TSP. The expected runtime bounds for (1 + 1) MMAA on two TSP instances of complete and non-complete graphs are obtained. The influence of the parameters controlling the relative importance of pheromone trail versus visibility is also analyzed, and their choice is shown to have an impact on the expected runtime.     

基于蚁群算法的网格资源调度策略研究

网格计算中的资源调度技术是连接网格底层和高层功能的纽带.蚁群算法作为一种成熟的分布式、启发式搜索鼢算法,其实质上是一种通过群体智能间接散布最优解信息,采用逐步收敛的方式求解最优解的算法.通过介绍蚁群算法的原理,对使用蚁群算法作为网格计算资源调度策略的可行性进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了基于蚁群算法的网格计算资源调度的设计思路、运作流程、需要考虑的信息素更新方式等关键问题,最后给出了基于蚁群算法的网格计算资源调度总控程序.     

基于粒子群优化的蚁群算法在TSP中的应用

结合粒子群算法的问题,提出用混合蚁群算法来求解著名的旅行商问题.问题的核心是应用粒子群算法对蚁群算法的控制参数:启发式因子、信息素挥发系数、随机性选择阈值进行优化,以及运用蚁群系统算法寻找最短路径.新算法对于蚂蚁算法中的参数调整大大减低,减少了大量盲目的实验,力求在开发最优解和探究搜索空间上找到平衡点.对旅行商问题的仿真实验表明,新算法的优化质量和效率都优于传统蚁群算法和遗传算法,接近理论最佳值.新算法也可推广用于其他NP问题的求解.     

High speed ant colony optimization CMOS chip

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is an optimization computation inspired by the study of the ant colonies’ behavior. This paper presents design and CMOS implementation of the ant colony optimization based algorithm for solving the TSP problem. In order to implement ant colony optimization algorithm in CMOS, we will present a new algorithm. This algorithm is based on the original ant colony optimization but it can be implemented in CMOS. Briefly, pheromone matrix is transformed on the chip area and ants move up-down through the pheromone matrix and they make their decisions. Finally ants select a global path. In previous researches only pheromone values is used, but select the next city in this paper is based on heuristics value and pheromone value. In definition of problem, we use heuristics value as a matrix. Previous researches could not be used for wide type of optimization problem but our chip gives heuristics value initially and we can change initial value of heuristics value according to the optimization problem so this capability increases the flexibility of ACO chip. Simple circuit is used in blocks of our chip to increase the speed of convergence of ACO chip. We use Linear Feedback Shift Register (LSFR) circuit for random number generator in ACO chip. ACO chip has capability of solving the big TSP problem. ACO chip is simulated by HSPICE software and simulation results show the good performance of final chip.     

Guidance-solution based ant colony optimization for satellite control resource scheduling problem

An ant colony optimization (ACO) approach for the satellite control resource scheduling problem is presented. Based on the observation that the solution space of the problem is sparse, this ACO approach is combined with a guidance solution based pheromone updating method to avoid trapping in local optima. The basic idea of this method is to change the distribution of pheromone trails by updating them with a guidance solution once the algorithm stagnates. We compare the proposed algorithm with several other heuristics. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach possesses strong competitive advantage in exploring global best solutions.     

基于蚁群优化的网络路由算法及其NS仿真

随着网络日趋复杂,求解实际的网络路由问题成为了一个NP一难问题。蚁群优化算法作为一种启发式算法近年来被广泛的用于求解复杂的NP一难问题,在对蚁群优化算法进行研究的基础上,给出了基于蚁群优化的网络路由算法一AntNet算法的原理及其NS仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法很好地利用了蚁群算法的正反馈性,能依概率随机且有效选择下一个节点,从而使网络流量按路径费用好坏,分散在多条可能的路径中,达到平衡流量、减小拥塞现象出现的目的。     

Ant colony optimization

Swarm intelligence is a relatively new approach to problem solving that takes inspiration from the social behaviors of insects and of other animals. In particular, ants have inspired a number of methods and techniques among which the most studied and the most successful is the general purpose optimization technique known as ant colony optimization. Ant colony optimization (ACO) takes inspiration from the foraging behavior of some ant species. These ants deposit pheromone on the ground in order to mark some favorable path that should be followed by other members of the colony. Ant colony optimization exploits a similar mechanism for solving optimization problems. From the early nineties, when the first ant colony optimization algorithm was proposed, ACO attracted the attention of increasing numbers of researchers and many successful applications are now available. Moreover, a substantial corpus of theoretical results is becoming available that provides useful guidelines to researchers and practitioners in further applications of ACO. The goal of this article is to introduce ant colony optimization and to survey its most notable applications     

基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度策略

为提高异构CMP任务调度执行效率,充分发挥异构CMP的异构性和并行能力,提出一种基于异构CMP的改进蚁群优化任务调度算法--IACOTS。IACOTS算法首先建立任务调度模型、路径选择规则和信息素更新规则,使蚁群算法能够适用于异构CMP任务调度问题。同时通过采用动态信息素更新、相遇并行搜索策略和引入遗传算法中的变异因子对基本的蚁群算法进行优化,克服蚁群算法搜索时间过长和“早熟”现象。通过仿真实验获得的结果表明,IACOTS算法执行效率优于现有的遗传算法,完成相同的任务需要的迭代次数最少,能有效降低程序执行时间,适用于异构CMP等大规模并行环境的任务调度。     

An improved hybrid algorithm for the set covering problem

The state-of-the-art ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve large scale set covering problems (SCP) starts by solving the Lagrangian dual (LD) problem of the SCP to obtain quasi-optimal dual values. These values are then exploited by the ACO algorithm in the form of heuristic estimates. This article starts by discussing the complexity of this approach where a number of new parameters are introduced to escape local optimums and normalize the heuristic values. To avoid these complexities, we propose a new hybrid algorithm that starts by solving the linear programming (LP) relaxation of the SCP. This solution is used to eliminate unnecessary columns, and to estimate the heuristic information. To generate solutions, we use a Max–Min Ant System (MMAS) algorithm that employs a novel mechanism to update the pheromone trail limits to maintain a predetermined exploration rate. Computational experiments on different sets of benchmark instances prove that our proposed algorithm can be considered the new state-of-the-art meta-heuristic to solve the SCP.     

基于蚁群优化在Web数据挖掘分类模型的实现

蚁群优化是人工智能领域中群体智能的分支之一,已经成功地应用于旅行推销员、作业调度选择等优化问题上,但用它解决数据挖掘问题还是一个新的研究课题。本文提出一种蚂蚁分类算法Ant_Miner3,并在Web数据挖掘中采用相应的页面优化分类方法,对非结构化数据集的处理进行了相关的研究和优化。经实验验证,该算法能够导出更优更简洁的分类规则。     

基于信息素优化的蚁群算法求解QoS单播路由问题

蚁群算法是一种新型的启发式智能算法,它具有较好的适应性、较强的搜索能力和鲁棒性。依据这些特点,运用蚁群算法求解QoS单播路由这一多约束的NP难问题的方法。在此基础上提出根据时间变化来控制信息素阈值的优化措施,通过与传统蚁群算法的对比仿真实验,验证算法改进的有效性,并对实验结果进行分析。     

资源受限多项目调度问题的两阶段算法

在资源受限项目调度问题中,将可更新资源进一步拓展为具有胜任力差异的人力资源,建立考虑胜任力差异的人力资源受限多目标项目调度问题模型.该模型是对传统多模式资源约束项目调度问题更接近研发项目群实际的扩展.针对模型提出两阶段优化算法,第1阶段是项目时序约束优化阶段,采用蚁群算法(ACO)进行任务列表的优化求解,通过对信息素增量规则的改进、串联进度生成机制(SSGS)及资源冲突消解策略的使用,使蚁群算法的求解效率和质量得以提高;第2阶段是资源约束优化阶段,以第1阶段求得的优化任务列表为输入,逐项对人力资源约束进行核查与调整,最终生成项目调度的优化方案.数值实验表明,考虑胜任力差异的数学优化模型更符合研发项目群管理实践,同时两阶段算法在求解质量方面具有良好性能.     

Improved auto control ant colony optimization using lazy ant approach for grid scheduling problem

An auto controlled ant colony optimization algorithm controls the behavior of the ant colony algorithm automatically based on a priori heuristic. During the experimental study of auto controlled ACO algorithm on grid scheduling problem, it was observed that the induction of lazy ants not only reduces the time complexity of the algorithm but also produces better results on the given objectives. Lazy ants are basically a mutated version of active ants that remain alive till the fitter lazy ants are generated in the successive generations. This work presents an improved auto controlled ACO algorithm using the lazy ant concept. Performance study reveals the efficacy and the efficiency achieved by the proposed algorithm. A comparative study of the proposed method with some other recent meta-heuristics such as auto controlled ant colony optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm, quantum genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization for grid scheduling problem exhibits so.     

一种基于蚁群优化算法的旅行Agent问题求解

旅行Agent问题解决移动Agent在不同主机间移动时如何规划最优的迁移路线，是复杂的组合优化问题。蚁群算法作为一种新的生物进化算法，具有并行、正反馈和启发式搜索等特点。本文在蚁群算法的基础上，通过修改它的信息素轨迹更新规则，并引入自适应的信息素挥发系数，来求解旅行Agent问题。实验结果表明了本文算法的可行性。     

Integrated process planning and scheduling: an enhanced ant colony optimization heuristic with parameter tuning

This study develops an enhanced ant colony optimization (E-ACO) meta-heuristic to accomplish the integrated process planning and scheduling (IPPS) problem in the job-shop environment. The IPPS problem is represented by AND/OR graphs to implement the search-based algorithm, which aims at obtaining effective and near-optimal solutions in terms of makespan, job flow time and computation time taken. In accordance with the characteristics of the IPPS problem, the mechanism of ACO algorithm has been enhanced with several modifications, including quantification of convergence level, introduction of node-based pheromone, earliest finishing time-based strategy of determining the heuristic desirability, and oriented elitist pheromone deposit strategy. Using test cases with comprehensive consideration of manufacturing flexibilities, experiments are conducted to evaluate the approach, and to study the effects of algorithm parameters, with a general guideline for ACO parameter tuning for IPPS problems provided. The results show that with the specific modifications made on ACO algorithm, it is able to generate encouraging performance which outperforms many other meta-heuristics.     

基于记忆表的连续蚁群优化算法

蚁群算法的离散本质限制了其在连续问题求解中的应用,针对该问题提出求解连续函数优化问题的连续蚁群优化算法。对概率密度呈高斯分布的分布函数进行随机采样,为每只蚂蚁产生下一步迭代的 个候选位置,引入记忆表取代基本蚁群算法中的禁忌表,通过对记忆表中的优良解进行动态替换实现信息素更新。与其他连续优化算法的比较结果证明,该算法在复杂度、稳定性等方面具有优势。     

Population declining ant colony optimization algorithm and its applications

Population declining ant colony optimization (PDACO) algorithm is proposed and applied to the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and multiuser detection in this paper. Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms have already successfully been used in combinatorial optimization, however, as the pheromone accumulates, we may not get a global optimum because it stops searching early. PDACO can enlarge searching range through increasing the initial population of the ant colony, and the population declines in successive iterations. So, the performance of PDACO is superior with the same computational complexity. PDACO is applied to TSP and multiuser detection. Via computer simulations it is shown that PDACO has better performance in solving these two problems than ACO algorithms.     

云环境下基于多目标的多科学工作流调度算法

针对现有云环境下的多科学工作流调度算法中存在的未考虑安全调度问题,提出多科学工作流安全-时间约束费用优化算法MSW-SDCOA（Multi-Scientific Workflows Security-Deadline constraint Cost OptimizationAlgorithm）.首先MSW-SDCOA基于数据依赖关系压缩科学工作流,减少任务节点数从而节省了调度开销;并通过改进HEFT（Heterogeneous Earliest-Finish-Time）算法形成调度序列,以实现全局多目标优化调度;最后,通过优化ACO（Ant Colony Optimization）中信息素更新策略和启发式信息,进一步改善费用优化效果.仿真实验表明,MSW-SDCOA算法在费用优化效果上比MW-DBS算法提高了约14%.