一类新型的聚氨酯类二阶非线性光学材料

报道了一类新型的含对硝基苯偶氮苯烷基胺发色团的热交联型二阶非线性光学聚合物的合成和极化工艺。将分散红－１９、甲苯二异氰酸酯和三乙醇胺预反应生成的溶胶－凝胶液旋转涂膜后在１６０℃电晕极化１ｈ可制得光学性质良好的极化膜。采用可见光谱测定了极化膜取向发色团的序参数及其取向的热稳定性。用一维刚性取向气体模型计算极化膜的二阶非线性光学极化系数ｘ＾（２）达１０＾－７ｅｓｕ量级。该极化膜有良好的取向稳定性，在１     

光学质量电光聚合物薄膜的制备及其电光调制性能

通过化学改性提高了具有较高一阶分子超极化率(β)和热稳定性的新型有机非线性光学(NLO)发色团的可加工性能.将它们和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或无定型聚碳酸酯(APC)掺杂,制备出优质光学质量的电光聚合物薄膜,并成功制备出衰减全反射型(ATR)电光调制器原型器件.     

功能化甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物合成及其交联膜的二阶非线性光学性能

合成了一种甲基丙烯酸甲酯与侧链含有偶氮苯生色团和可化学交联基团-羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,这种共聚物和甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)交联得到的交联网络结构使极化后生色团取向稳定化.SHG测量表明,固化后的聚合物膜的非线性光学稳定性较好,其二阶非线性光学系数d33值室温下1680 h能维持初值的～96%,100 ℃时1000 min仍能维持初值的～70%.极化交联膜的d33值也较高,达到6.10×10-7 esu.     

聚氨酯／环氧树脂互穿网络二阶非线性光学材料

制备了一类新型的各含对硝基苯偶氮苯胺发色团的聚氨酯和环氧树脂的互穿网络型二阶非线性光学聚合物。用程序升温及升压电晕极化法可制得有良好光学质量的极化膜。ＤＳＣ曲线显示该互穿网络聚合物有１个玻璃化转变温度。在一维刚性取向气体模型的基础上，通过可见吸收光谱研究了该极化膜的非线性光学性质。其二阶非线性光学极化系数可达１０＾－７ｅｓｕ量级，发色团有优异的取向稳定性，其序参数在１００℃仍可长期稳定。     

具有稳定的二阶非线性光学性能的互穿网络聚合物

报导了一类新型的含有４－硝基４’－胺基偶氮苯发色团的聚丙烯酸酯和环氧结脂的互穿网络型二阶非线性光极化聚合物的合成和极化工艺，电子显微镜显示该互穿网络聚合物有明显的微观相分离，ＤＳＣ曲线显示两个玻璃化转变温度。用可见光谱法测定了其极化膜发色团的取向度及取向的热稳定性，其二阶非线性光学极化系数ｘ达１０＾－７ｅｓｕ量级。该互穿网络聚合物极化膜有良好的光学性质，其序参数在１００℃可长期稳定。     

胺交联的磺化聚芳醚砜酮荷电膜的制备及微观结构

采用乙二胺(EDA),己二胺(HDA)和对苯二胺(PPD)为交联剂,与磺化杂萘联苯聚芳醚砜酮(SPPESK)反应生成磺酰胺交联键,制备胺交联的磺化杂萘联苯聚芳醚砜酮荷电膜.通过元素分析确定交联程度.采用示差扫描量热,扫描电镜以及应力-应变测试等方法研究交联膜的微观结构.实验结果表明,交联剂的种类、用量以及SPPESK的初始磺化度显著影响体系的相容性,交联剂用量过高会导致交联膜发生微观相分离,影响交联膜的性能.胺交联法制备荷电膜时交联度不宜过高.     

极化聚合物薄膜电光系数的实时测量

提出了一种极化聚合物薄膜电光系数的实时测量方法。实验结构由耦合棱镜和依次制备在棱镜底面的四层薄膜组成,这四层薄膜分别是金属层（作为上电极）、极化聚合物,缓冲层和下电极。包含导波共振角并具有一定角度的入射光线会聚于棱镜底面,然后用CCD探测拍摄反射光斑,当外加电场作用于上下电极时,就可从光斑暗线位置的变化测量极化聚合物薄膜的电光系数。在测量过程中,使用了计算机图像处理方法和光学空间滤波技术。     

电光型有机硅聚合物的合成与表征

合成了侧基带有非线性发色团的电光型有机硅聚合物，并利用红外光谱，示差量热扫描（DSC)，元素分析及核磁共振变对所合成的电光型聚合物进行了表征，结果表明，所制备的电光型聚合物具有较高的取代度。     

基于吡啶盐的热固性交联聚氨酯的合成与非线性光学性质的研究

合成了双芪唑盐的衍生物,双四苯硼（反式）－4,4′－二[p-（（N－乙基－N－羟乙基）氨基）苯乙烯基]-N,N′－（1,6－己基）－二吡啶盐。该生色团与2,4－二异氰酸酯甲苯及三乙醇胺反应生成了交联的聚氨酯体系。Marker条纹法测得聚合物的二阶非线性系数d33为12．5pm/V。利用紫外－可见光谱吸收法测定了聚合物薄膜电晕极化后的生色团取向度,考察了在室温及100℃的取向稳定性。结果表明在100℃放置1200h序参数为0．46,保持为初始的65％。用双脂数函数拟合了聚合物的退极化曲线。     

木质素基聚电解质交联薄膜的透光性和透气性

以工业碱木质素、聚乙烯醇为原料,改性制备木质素季铵盐和羧甲基化聚乙烯醇,以甲醛为交联剂制备木质素基聚电解质交联薄膜。通过单因素实验对薄膜的透光性和透气性进行研究。采用紫外-可见分光光度计、压差法分别测定薄膜的光学性能、透气性能。利用静态接触角测量仪、XRD分别对薄膜的接触角、结晶结构进行分析。研究结果表明,TLQA/CMPVA交联薄膜在紫外光区的吸光度达到最大值10,在可见光区薄膜对光的透过率不到10%,甲醛的加入有利于提高TLQA/CMPVA交联薄膜的透光率。当聚电解质溶液偏弱碱(pH值=9)性时有利于聚电解质交联薄膜对光的透过。三甲基木质素季铵盐加入后,聚电解质交联薄膜对氧气和二氧化碳的透气量均增大。交联剂甲醛降低了聚电解质交联薄膜对氧气和二氧化碳的透气性。当聚电解质溶液中性或偏碱性时,聚电解质交联薄膜的透气性减小。聚电解质交联薄膜表面亲水性大于聚电解质共混薄膜表面亲水性,聚电解质交联薄膜的耐水性大于聚电解质共混薄膜。与PVA相比,CMPVA结晶结构消失。交联作用使TLQA和CMPVA复合更紧密。为TLQA/CMPVA交联薄膜的制备及其在特殊地膜、缓释包装材料中的应用提供了理论依据。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.