室温Zn粉直接制备ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜及其机理研究

首次在室温条件下超声方法直接将金属Zn制备ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜。利用滚压振动磨机械研磨的Zn粉作为原料,采用独特的油相水相混合溶液作为分散液,超声分散打破软团聚使金属Zn纳米颗粒水解得到了分散性较好的纳米粒子,并且可以利用该纳米粒子简单地制备出均匀致密的ZnO纳米粒子薄膜。利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行了表征。结果表明,采用该方法可制得具有密排六方结构的ZnO纳米颗粒,并且该产物分散较好。原子力显微镜(AFM)、静电力显微镜(EFM)表明利用该纳米粒子制备的薄膜致密均匀,EFM显示纳米粒子表面电学性质有较大差异。探针台I-V测试显示不同原料Zn粉制备出的ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜可以获得不同导通电压从而获得不同的整流效果。该方法在室温条件下由Zn粉制备出ZnO纳米颗粒和薄膜,为制备不同维度ZnO纳米结构提供了新思路,同时也为制备、改善整流器件提供了创新和经济的途径。     

热蒸发法ZnO纳米棒阵列的研究

采用热蒸发的方法在ZnO薄膜缓冲层上成功制备了高密度的ZnO纳米棒阵列，其中ZnO薄膜缓冲层是通过PLD（Pulsed Laser Deposition）的方法制得。与已有的报道不同，该方法未使用任何金属催化剂。X射线衍射仪（XRD）以及场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）的结果表明，实验得到的ZnO纳米棒阵列整齐垂直排列在衬底上．此外，在常温下测量得到的光致发光（PL）谱和透射电子显微镜显示该ZnO纳米棒阵列结晶较好，无明显的缺陷,研究结果表明纳米棒阵列的形成主要归因于ZnO纳米棒和薄膜之间完美的晶格匹配。     

表面活性剂对ZnO纳米晶形貌的影响

采用低温水热法，通过未添加表面活性剂、添加CTAB和添加SDS三种方式成功制备了各种ZnO纳米晶。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱及扫描电镜（SEM）等测试手段对ZnO纳米晶的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明，所有ZnO纳米晶均为高质量的六方纤锌矿结构，并呈现不同的形态，如花形、卷心菜形等。详细讨论了在不同表面活性剂水热生长的条件下，ZnO纳米晶的生长机制。此外，对ZnO纳米晶的光致发光性能进行了测量，发现所有产物均具有相似的光发射峰位。     

负载纳米ZnO麻纤维预氧丝的制备和光催化性能

采用金属醇盐方法，以二水合醋酸锌、氢氧化钠、乙醇为原料，制备出颗粒均匀、分散稳定的纳米ZnO溶胶，并且将其成功负载在苎麻纤维上，经过140℃煅烧2h后制得负载纳米zn0的麻纤维预氧丝。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱元素定性定量分析（EDAX）、纳米粒度分析及相关分析软件，分析和表征了预氧丝的表观形貌、元素含量及纳米ZnO...     

纳米Fe3O4颗粒及磁性液体的制备

用低温相转化法制备了小粒径的Fe3O4纳米颗粒,用油酸对纳米颗粒进行了表面处理,溶液pH为6．90,80℃下恒温反应50～60min时磁性粉体颗粒的改性效果较好。然后将包覆颗粒分散到载液中制得磁性液体。实验中用XRD、TEM、VSM、IR光谱等对所制的样品进行了相应表征,并将UV光谱分析方法用于油酸包覆的定量评估,从而建立了磁性颗粒表面修饰的表征方法。     

ZnO—TiO2染料敏化太阳能电池的制备和性能

采用低温水溶液法制备ZnO纳米花,将其与TiO2纳米颗粒以不同的质量比混合制备成复合浆料,采用刮涂法涂敷在掺氟的SnOz透明导电玻璃（FTO）上制备ZnO纳米花-TiO2纳米颗粒复合薄膜光阳极,与Pt对电极和电解质组装成染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）。通过光伏性能和电化学阻抗谱测试分析,研究ZnO纳米花与TiO2纳米颗...     

快速热解法制备炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒(英文)

以简单金属前躯体为原料通过快速热解法制备炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒,通过透射电镜、X-射线衍射、热重-示差扫描同步热分析及振动样品磁强计等对产物形貌、结构、成分与磁性能进行表征。结果表明:采用该方法制备的炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒形状为近球形颗粒,粒径均一,其中炭包覆镍纳米磁性颗粒的粒径集中在10nm～30nm范围,炭包覆铁纳米磁性颗粒粒径则在50nm～60nm范围;所制炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒在室温下具有顺磁性,其磁性能随金属颗粒含量的变化而改变。该方法有望发展成一种工艺简单,可进行连续工业化生产炭包覆纳米金属磁性颗粒的方法。     

负载纳米ZnO麻纤维预氧丝的制备和光催化性能

采用金属醇盐方法,以二水合醋酸锌、氢氧化钠、乙醇为原料,制备出颗粒均匀、分散稳定的纳米ZnO溶胶,并且将其成功负载在苎麻纤维上,经过140℃煅烧2h后制得负载纳米ZnO的麻纤维预氧丝。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱元素定性定量分析(EDAX)、纳米粒度分析及相关分析软件,分析和表征了预氧丝的表观形貌、元素含量及纳米ZnO颗粒粒径。通过对亚甲基蓝染料模拟工业废水进行光催化实验,证明制备的负载纳米ZnO的麻纤维预氧丝材料具备一定的光催化作用,光催化降解率为75.52%。     

ZnO一维纳米材料的制备与表征

首先以乙醇为溶剂,乙酸锌为前驱体,油酸钠为表面修饰剂,采用溶液化学法,制得ZnO纳米粒子。以自制ZnO纳米粒子为基体,通过煅烧方法制备针状ZnO纳米线束。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UVVis)、荧光光谱(FL)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对合成的样品进行表征。结果表明,所合成ZnO纳米粒子样品UV-Vis吸收光谱在355nm给出ZnO纳米粒子的特征吸收峰,FL光谱显示在400和550nm处产生荧光发射。ZnO纳米粒子尺寸约为5nm且粒径分布较窄。自制ZnO纳米粒子样品经500℃煅烧后可得到针状ZnO纳米线束。纳米线为六方晶系纤锌矿结构ZnO单晶纳米线,长度约为10μm,直径约为100nm,长径比约为100,且具有良好的紫外发光性能。     

Fe_3O_4/PMIDA/Tris@CdSe/CdS制备磁性荧光双功能材料及其表征

采用化学共沉淀法,制备出Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒,先后用四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)、双甘膦(PMIDA)对Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面进行修饰,产物记为C1。加入氨丁三醇(Tris)对C1进行修饰,产物记为C2。运用油相合成的方法制备CdSe/CdS量子点,再用巯基乙酸将其转成水相,得到具有良好水溶性和较好稳定性的产物。将修饰后的磁性颗粒与量子点进行连接,制得磁性荧光双功能材料,并对结构和性能进行表征,结果表明经Tris修饰后,双功能材料的荧光性能得到了显著地提高。首次用Tris对产物的性质进行改进,具有一定的科学研究价值。     

不同形貌纳米ZnO的合成及其光催化性能研究

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备了不同形貌和微观结构的纳米氧化锌。详细研究了反应终点pH值及沉淀前驱物的后处理方式等对粉体的晶体结构、形貌、粒径分布和团聚状况的影响。通过调节反应条件可分别获得网络状或颗粒状纳米氧化锌;光催化降解实验结果表明,网络状纳米氧化锌的光催化性能优于纳米颗粒状产物,而且该网络状和颗粒状纳米氧化锌的光催化活性均明显优于商品光催化剂P25。     

Sonochemical synthesis and photocatalytic property of zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium(II)

Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sonochemical method. The products were characterized by scan electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). SEM images revealed that ZnO doped with Mg(II) nanoparticles and ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by the same strategy all had spherical topography. XRD patterns showed that the doped nanoparticles had the same crystals structures as the pure ZnO nanoparticles. The Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles had larger lattice volume than the un-doped nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) not only demonstrated the moral ratio of Mg and Zn element on the surface of nanoparticles, but their valence in nanoparticles as well. The Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles presented good properties in photocatalyst compared with pure ZnO nanoparticles.     

Toxicological impact studies based on Escherichia coli bacteria in ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles colloidal medium

We report here preliminary studies of biocidal effects and cellular internalization of ZnO nanoparticles on Escherichia coli bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in di(ethylene glycol) (DEG) medium by forced hydrolysis of ionic Zn2+ salts. Particle size and shape were controlled by addition of small molecules and macromolecules such as tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, and bovine serum albumin. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to characterize particle structure, size, and morphology. Bactericidal tests were performed in Luria-Bertani medium on solid agar plates and in liquid systems with different concentrations of small and macromolecules and also with ZnO nanoparticles. TEM analyses of bacteria thin sections were used to study biocidal action of ZnO materials. The results confirmed that E. coli cells after contact with DEG and ZnO were damaged showing a Gram-negative triple membrane disorganization. This behavior causes the increase of membrane permeability leading to accumulation of ZnO nanoparticles in the bacterial membrane and also cellular internalization of these nanoparticles.     

Controllable synthesis of flower- and rod-like ZnO nanostructures by simply tuning the ratio of sodium hydroxide to zinc acetate

A controlled synthesis of flower-?and rod-like ZnO nanostructures in a hydrothermal phase has been realized in the absence of an additional template. The well-defined morphologies are obtained by simply tuning the ratio of sodium hydroxide to zinc acetate in a narrow range. The products are characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth mechanism is suggested to be that the supersaturation of the precursor Zn(OH)(4)(2-) results in various nucleation habits, which induce the ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies.     

Direct synthesis of monodispersed ZnO nanoparticles in an aqueous solution

Monodispersed ZnO nanoparticles with mesopores were successfully prepared via a simple route through the transformation of Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺ precursor in the presence of sodium oleate and hydrazine at 80 °C with the pH of 8.5. Hydrazine and sodium oleate were used to control the size at 30-60 nm and to improve dispersion properties of ZnO nanoparticles. The samples were characterized by TEM, XRD, IR and TG-DTA, and the results suggest that the grains are composed of ZnO and a small quantity of oleate. The oleate plays an important role in preventing the ZnO nanoparticles from aggregating.     

Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study

In this study, we investigate the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles with various particle sizes. ZnO was prepared by the base hydrolysis of zinc acetate in a 2-propanol medium and also by a precipitation method using Zn(NO₃)₂ and NaOH. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Bacteriological tests such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion were performed in Luria-Bertani and nutrient agar media on solid agar plates and in liquid broth systems using different concentrations of ZnO by a standard microbial method for the first time. Our bacteriological study showed the enhanced biocidal activity of ZnO nanoparticles compared with bulk ZnO in repeated experiments. This demonstrated that the bactericidal efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles increases with decreasing particle size. It is proposed that both the abrasiveness and the surface oxygen species of ZnO nanoparticles promote the biocidal properties of ZnO nanoparticles.     

Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles with various particle sizes. ZnO was prepared by the base hydrolysis of zinc acetate in a 2-propanol medium and also by a precipitation method using Zn(NO₃)₂ and NaOH. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Bacteriological tests such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion were performed in Luria-Bertani and nutrient agar media on solid agar plates and in liquid broth systems using different concentrations of ZnO by a standard microbial method for the first time. Our bacteriological study showed the enhanced biocidal activity of ZnO nanoparticles compared with bulk ZnO in repeated experiments. This demonstrated that the bactericidal efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles increases with decreasing particle size. It is proposed that both the abrasiveness and the surface oxygen species of ZnO nanoparticles promote the biocidal properties of ZnO nanoparticles.     

Microwave-assisted silica coating and photocatalytic activities of ZnO nanoparticles

A new and rapid method for silica coating of ZnO nanoparticles by the simple microwave irradiation technique is reported. Silica-coated ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), CHN elemental analysis and zeta potential measurements. The FT-IR spectra and XPS clearly confirmed the silica coating on ZnO nanoparticles. The results of XPS analysis showed that the elements in the coating at the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles were Zn, O and Si. HR-TEM micrographs revealed a continuous and uniform dense silica coating layer of about 3 nm in thickness on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, the silica coating on the ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by the agreement in the zeta potential of the silica-coated ZnO nanoparticles with that of SiO₂. The results of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution showed that silica coating effectively reduced the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Silica-coated ZnO nanoparticles showed excellent UV shielding ability and visible light transparency.     

Effects of alkali on the morphologies and photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanostructures

ZnO nanostructures were fabricated in the ethanol solution of different alkali by a surfactant-free solvothermal method. ZnO nanoparticles, nanowires and nanorods were obtained depending on the experimental conditions. The corresponding growth mechanism follows a typical self-assembly growth process. The effects of various alkalis on the structures and morphologies of ZnO nanostructures were investigated. Moreover, the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the ZnO nanostructures were studied and exhibited some new features. It is found that the surface defects should be responsible for the green emission observed in the as-prepared ZnO nanostructures. The higher the specific surface area of ZnO nanostructures, the stronger the green emission and the weaker the ultraviolet (UV) emission are.     

A solvothermal route to ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles using the cupferron complex as the precursor

ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized from the cupferron complex by a solvothermal route in toluene solution. The nanoparticles have been prepared in the presence of various capping agents, of which the best results were obtained with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, polyethylene glycol, and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate. The particles obtained with these capping agents have diameters in the 8-14 nm range. The nanoparticles have been characterized by electron microscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, besides x-ray diffraction. Optical spectra of the small nanoparticles show evidence for quantum confinement. ZnO nanoparticles doped with 5% and 10% Mn could be prepared by the solvothermal route starting with a Zn(1-x)Mnx cupferron complex, and the Mn-doped nanoparticles remain paramagnetic down to 5K.