肽聚糖制剂提高凡纳对虾抗白斑综合征病毒感染力的研究

将肽聚糖制剂添加到普通对虾饲料中 ,制成分别含肽聚糖制剂 1%和 0 .1%的免疫饲料 ,按常规方法投喂凡纳对虾。 4周后测定每个实验组对虾的酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性 ,同时进行白斑综合征病毒 (WSSV)的人工投喂感染实验。实验结果显示 ,感染实验前投喂普通饲料组对虾和投喂免疫饲料组对虾的酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著差别 (p >0 .0 5 ) ,各实验组对虾碱性磷酸酶活性的差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;感染实验后各实验组存活对虾的各项免疫酶活性无显著差异 (p >0 .0 5 )。凡纳对虾摄食添加了肽聚糖制剂的免疫饲料后 ,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力 ,其中尤其以添加了1%肽聚糖制剂的实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强 ,到实验结束时累计死亡率只有 10 % ,而对照组为 75 % ;1%添加量组与 0 .1%添加量组及对照组之间的累积死亡率差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 )。实验结果提示 :在对虾饲料中添加肽聚糖可提高对虾抗病毒感染能力 ,从而达到防病治病、增加生产收益的目的     

β-葡聚糖在中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)育苗中的应用

分别用 5种不同浓度 (0 ,0 .1,0 .3,0 .5 ,1mg/ml)的 β 葡聚糖溶液对中国对虾蚤状、糠虾幼体进行 3h浸浴 ,4 8h后用浓度为 5 .9× 10 6 cfu/ml的副溶血弧菌 (Vibriopara haemolyticus)进行攻毒。攻毒后再养殖 4 8h。结果显示 ,0 .1、0 .3和 0 .5mg/ml处理组均显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 )蚤状和糠虾幼体攻毒后的存活率 ,其中 ,0 .3和 0 .5mg/ml的处理组还显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 )蚤状幼体的变态率和生长 ,但对糠虾幼体生长的影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。本研究结果表明 ,β 葡聚糖可以作为免疫增强剂在中国对虾育苗阶段使用 ,建议浸浴使用的浓度为 0 .3～ 0 .5mg/ml。     

中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)和凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus.vannamei )血清酚氧化物酶活性的研究

研究了中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾血清酚氧化酶（PO）的生理功能和活性影响。结果表明,中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾血清中都存在PO,主要以酚氧化酶原（proPO)的形式存在,并且都可以被可以被胰蛋白酶、SDS和酵母聚糖激活。抗凝剂SSS（Shrimp Salt Solution)会影响中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾血清中的PO活性引起的PO活性的降低。正常状态下中国对虾血清中PO活性较凡纳滨对虾血清PO活性低。中国明对虾血清PO最适温度为50℃,最适pH为8．5,而凡纳滨对虾PO最适温度为45℃,最适pH为7．5。     

β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖制剂对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响

研究了从啤酒酵母泥悬液中提取的 β 1 ,3/ 1 ,6 葡聚糖制剂 (含 2 5 % β 1 ,3/ 1 ,6 葡聚糖 )对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响。基础饲料中分别添加 3个水平 (0 1 % ,0 2 %和0 4 % )的 β 葡聚糖制剂配制成 3种实验饲料 ,以基础饲料作为对照组。实验饲料采取间隔投喂的策略 ,即每投喂 1 5天实验饲料后再投喂 1 5天对照饲料 ,整个饲养试验持续 6 0天。饲养试验结束后 ,无论是投喂 3种实验饲料还是对照饲料 ,对虾的成活率都很高(94 7%～ 1 0 0 0 % ) ,各处理间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。然而 ,投喂 0 2 %或 0 4 % β 葡聚糖制剂的实验组的增重率显著高于 (P <0 0 1 )对照组 ;投喂 β 葡聚糖制剂的 3个实验组的饲料系数显著低于 (P <0 0 1 )对照组。此外 ,投喂 β 葡聚糖制剂的实验组 ,对虾血细胞酚氧化酶活性和吞噬活性都显著高于 (P <0 0 1 )对照组。无论是增重率还是免疫指标 ,投喂 β 葡聚糖制剂的 3个实验组彼此之间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 6 0天的饲养试验结束后 ,通过注射白斑杆状病毒 (WSSV)进行对虾攻毒试验。在攻毒后的 1 4天内 ,对照组的累计死亡率显著高于 (P <0 .0 1 ) β 葡聚糖实验组。攻毒后第 1 4天 ,3个 β 葡聚糖实验组的免疫保护力为 75 %～ 80 %。根据本研究结果可以     

A3α-肽聚糖对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫机能和抗病毒感染的影响

通过实验考察了A3α-肽聚糖（PG）制剂对养成期凡纳滨对虾的生长、免疫机能及抗白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）感染能力的影响。设立了连续投喂、间隔投喂和浸浴等6个实验组,分别在30d、60d和90d时,测定对虾的体长、体重、免疫机能和对虾的抗WSSV感染力。结果表明：30d时,连续投喂组对虾的体长和浸浴组及0．05％、0．1％PG连续投喂组对虾的体重较对照组有显著增长（P〈0．05）;0．05％、0．1％PG连续投喂组对虾体内的PO活性较对照组有显著提高（P〈0．05）;60d时,浸浴组及0．05％、0．1％PG连续投喂组对虾的体长、体重较对照组均有极显著增长（P〈0．01）,浸浴组、0．1％PG连续投喂组对虾血细胞吞噬活性显著增强（P〈0．05）,浸浴组及0．05％、0．1％PG连续投喂组对虾血浆上清液PO活性均有显著提高（P〈0．05）;90d时,浸浴组对虾的体长、体重较对照组均有极显著增长（P〈0．01）,间隔投喂组对虾血细胞吞噬活性显著增强（P〈0．05）,间隔投喂组血浆中的PO活性显著增高（P〈0．05）。各期感染实验均证明PG能增强对虾对WSSV的抗感染能力．     

β-t，3／1，6-葡聚糖制剂对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响

研究了从啤酒酵母泥悬液中提取的β-1，3／1，6-葡聚糖制剂(含25％β-1，3／1，6-葡聚糖)对凡纳对虾生长及免疫力的影响。基础饲料中分别添加3个水平(0．1％，0．2％和0．4％)的β-葡聚糖制剂配制成3种实验饲料，以基础饲料作为对照组。实验饲料采取间隔投喂的策略，即每投喂15天实验饲料后再投喂15天对照饲料，整个饲养试验持续60天。饲养试验结束后，无论是投喂3种实验饲料还是对照饲料，对虾的成活率都很高(94．7％～100．0％)，各处理间无显著差异(P＞0．05)。然而，投喂0．2％或0．4％β-葡聚糖制剂的实验组的增重率显著高于(P＜0．01)对照组；投喂β-葡聚糖制剂的3个实验组的饲料系数显著低于(P＜0．01)对照组。此外，投喂β-葡聚糖制剂的实验组，对虾血细胞酚氧化酶活性和吞噬活性都显著高于(P＜0．01)对照组。无论是增重率还是免疫指标，投喂β-葡聚糖制剂的3个实验组彼此之间无显著差异(P＞0．05)。60天的饲养试验结束后，通过注射白斑杆状病毒(WSSV)进行对虾攻毒试验。在攻毒后的14天内，对照组的累计死亡率显著高于(P＜0．01)β-葡聚糖实验组。攻毒后第14天，3个β-葡聚糖实验组的免疫保护力为75％～80％。根据本研究结果可以得出如下结论：1)饲料中添加β-葡聚糖可以促进凡纳对虾生长并提高免疫力和抗病力；2)在本投饲策略下，全周期养殖期间投喂β-葡聚糖是安全的，不会产生免疫疲劳或其他副作用；3)从提高免疫力的角度，凡纳对虾饲料中β-葡聚糖制剂的添加量推荐为0．1％；若考虑促进生长，则添加量建议上升到0．2％。     

纳米六味地黄液的制备与性能

用MICROS超细粉碎机制备纳米六味地黄液,对其显微结构、稳定性和体外溶出度进行了表征,研究了服用六味地黄液的小鼠血清中的SOD对邻苯三酚自氧化速率的抑制率.结果表明,六味地黄药材纳米粉碎后,细胞壁、细胞膜大部分被破碎,有效成分可直接溶出.纳米化使六味地黄液的稳定性得到改善.六味地黄细粉的指标成分-丹皮酚的溶出与时间呈线性关系,而纳米六味地黄中丹皮酚的溶出与时间之间没有线性关系.服用纳米六味地黄液45 min后,六味地黄的累积溶出度比细粉的溶出度高.服用纳米六味地黄组的老龄小鼠血清的SOD活性显著高于细粉组(提高67%),即六味地黄纳米化使抗衰老的药效得到提高.     

维生素D对皱纹盘鲍生长和体组织抗氧化反应的影响

设计了维生素D添加水平分别为0IU/kg(缺乏组),5×103 IU/kg(正常组)和5×105 IU/kg(过量组)的3种半精制饲料,在循环水养殖系统中用其饲养初始体重为(0.81±0.00)g,初始壳长为(16.42±0.03)mm的皱纹盘鲍240d,以期探讨维生素D对皱纹盘鲍生长和体组织抗氧化反应的影响.结果表明:与维生素D正常添加组相比,维生素D缺乏对皱纹盘鲍的增重率(WGR)和贝壳日增长(DISL)均没有显著差异(P＞0.05);维生素D过量则显著降低皱纹盘鲍的增重率和贝壳日增长(P＜0.05).皱纹盘鲍的不同组织(内脏团和肌肉)对维生素D缺乏或过量的敏感性不一致.维生素D缺乏显著降低内脏团中的GPX(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)和GST(谷胱甘肽-S转移酶)活力(P＜0.05),显著提高GR(谷胱甘肽还原酶)/GPX比值(P＜0.05),对CAT(过氧化氢酶)、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、GR活力以及CAT/SOD比值没有显著影响(P＞0.05);而维生素D过量显著降低SOD和CAT活力的同时(P＜0.05),显著升高GPX和GR活力(P＜0.05).肌肉中,维生素D缺乏对CAT、SOD、GST和CAT/SOD比值没有显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著降低GPX和GR活力(P＜0.05),同时显著升高GR/GPX比值(P＜0.05);维生素D过量对CAT、GPX、GST、CAT/SOD和GR/GPX比值没有显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著升高SOD和GR活力(P＜0.05).     

乙醇熏蒸处理对采后蓝莓果实品质的影响

目的研究乙醇熏蒸处理对采后蓝莓果实品质的影响。方法采用体积分数0.1%的乙醇于10℃下熏蒸蓝莓果实24 h,随后贮藏于(5±1)℃下,以5 d为1个周期观察乙醇熏蒸处理对蓝莓贮藏品质变化的影响,并对果实的风味、腐烂率、质量损失率、硬度、颜色饱和度、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物(TSS)、总酚、花青素、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、羟自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力进行分析对比。结果与对照组相比,乙醇熏蒸处理可有效抑制蓝莓的软化和腐烂,减缓果实中TSS的下降及水分的丧失,提高蓝莓果实中的花青素含量、总酚含量、抗氧化相关酶活性、羟自由基清除率量及总抗氧化能力。结论体积分数0.1%的乙醇熏蒸处理采后蓝莓可有效抑制蓝莓的腐烂与软化,维持果实原有风味,保持蓝莓品质,延长蓝莓的货架期。     

水杨酸对喜树细胞次级代谢的诱导作用

将水杨酸(SA)应用于喜树细胞培养体系中。通过添加不同浓度的水杨酸,研究了它对喜树细胞过氧化物酶(POD)活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、可溶性蛋白含量、细胞活力以及细胞生长和代谢产物积累的影响。结果表明,SA可以提高POD和SOD的活力以及可溶性蛋白的含量,增强喜树细胞的次级代谢作用,有利于代谢产物喜树异碱A和喜树异碱B的合成。     

Rosmarinus officinalis directed palladium nanoparticle synthesis: Investigation of potential anti-bacterial,anti-fungal and Mizoroki-Heck catalytic activities

The present work was aimed to account a green and eco-friendly synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extracts for the first time, therefore, that can be an acceptable replacement for chemical media to improve potential biological properties. The synthesized palladium nanoparticles were fully characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, TEM and UV/Vis spectroscopy techniques. Catalytic activity was investigated by Mizoroki-Heck reaction, and optimized based on solvent, temperature and time of the reaction, and the best results were found in water as a green media without any additional reagents. Biological activity of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of antibacterial and anti-fungal assessments against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, and Micrococcus lutens bacteria’s and Candida parapsilolis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei fungus. Based on our knowledge, this is a comprehensive and first study on the catalytic and biological activity of palladium nanoparticles synthesizing from Rosmarinus officinalis, which presents great and significant results (in both catalytic and biological activities) based on a simple and green procedure.     

Zephyranthes candida flower extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for biological applications

The development of biologically active nanoparticles (NPs) has played a prominent role in medicinal, pharmaceuticals and bio-nanotechnology fields. Phytosynthesis is a simple, reproducible, and effective method to produce highly stable metal nanoparticles. In this present work, silver (Ag) nano particles (NPs) were produced using Zephyranthes candida (Z. candida) flower extract as a sustainable, cost-effective, and non-hazardous stabilizing agent. In the view of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the face centred cubic structure of Ag NPs was revealed. From the UV–Vis spectral analysis, the formations of Ag NPs were further confirmed through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the highest absorbance (λ_max) of 418 nm. FT-IR represents the spectra that reveal the presence of diverse functional groups along with their vibrational modes present in Ag NPs and Z.candida flower extract. SEM and TEM denote the formation of spherical morphology of Ag NPs. Furthermore, EDX and XPS spectra confirmed the purity of the prepared Ag NPs. Finally, the biological studies such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anticancer confirm the bioactivity of the synthesized Zephyranthes Candida mediated Ag NPs.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Aromatic Amide Derivatives Containing Sulfide and Sulfone Substructures

In recent years, the damage caused by soil nematodes has become increasingly serious; however, the varieties and structures of the nematicides available on the market are deficient. Fluopyram, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide developed by Bayer AG in Germany, has been widely used in the prevention and control of soil nematodes due to its high efficiency and novel mechanism of action. In this paper, two series of novel target compounds were designed and synthesized with nematicidal and fungicidal fluopyram as the molecular skeleton in order to introduce sulfide and sulfone substructures. The structures were identified and characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). The bioassays revealed that most of the compounds showed excellent nematicidal activities at 200 µg·mL⁻¹ in comparison with fluopyram, while the nematode mortality rate dropped sharply at 100 µg·mL⁻¹, except for compounds I-11 and II-6. In terms of fungicidal activity, compound I-9 was discovered to have an excellent inhibitory rate, and a molecular docking simulation was performed that can provide important guidance for the design and exploration of efficient fungicidal lead compounds.     

Ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and its applications towards the photocatalytic activity and electrochemical sensor

This work reports the synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles via ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal method at 130?°C for two days. The obtained product was characterised by various techniques. The X-ray diffraction data reveal the anatase phase TiO₂ nanoparticles with crystallite size 37 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum shows a band at 400 cm^?1 due to Ti–O–Ti stretching vibration, in addition to the presence of ionic liquid. The UV–Vis spectrum of TiO₂ nanoparticles shows an absorption band at 314 nm which indicates a blueshift compared with that of bulk TiO_2. The transmission electron microscopy images show almost spherical-shaped nanoparticles with an average diameter of 40–80 nm. TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of trypan blue, and also help in the reduction of Cr⁺⁶ to Cr⁺³. TiO₂ nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits better electrocatalytic oxidation towards dopamine compared with bare glassy carbon electrode.     

现代制造环境下基于作业字典的成本决策研究

作业成本法(ABC)作为一种新的成本核算方法，顺应了现代制造环境对成本核算的要求，目前国内研究还处于理论阶段，没有开发出完整成熟实用的ABC成本核算软件，并且很少有企业真正地实施作业成本法。本文主要介绍了一种新型实用的ABC成本核算软件的设计及作业字典的生成，并在作业字典的基础上进行成本决策的方法。     

基于活动方法的协同设计过程管理系统研究

通过分析活动的组成及与过程建模的关系，提出了一种协同环境下设计过程管理的体系结构。根据产品开发过程的现状和特点，讨论了过程建模、多活动单元设计环境、过程监控以及系统间的数据交换等一系列重要的问题。最后，给出了协同设计过程管理和过程监控显示情况。     

Green synthesis and characterization of hexagonal shaped MgO nanoparticles using insulin plant (Costus pictus D. Don) leave extract and its antimicrobial as well as anticancer activity

Green synthesis is an ecofriendly novel technology and attractive research area for the production of metal oxide nanoparticles in bio-medical and chemical applications. The green perspective includes solvents, reductants or stabilizing agents obtained from a natural resource as they are non-toxic and ecofriendly. In this study, a sustainable green synthetic strategy to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles by employing Costus pictus D. Don plant leaf extract as a reducing agent. The successful formation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by comprehensive characterization techniques. The presence of biomolecules and metal oxides were confirmed by Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectral data analysis. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of pure cubic MgO crystalline nanoparticles. The surface morphology of MgO particles observed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the hexagonal-shaped MgO crystallites. The average size of biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles was measured to be around 50?nm by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The mechanism for the formation of MgO nanoparticles was suggested in this study. The biosynthesized magnesium oxide particles showed good antimicrobial and exhibited maximum inhibition rate for MgO nanoparticles at 200?µg showing efficient anticancer activity.     

Individual space–time activity-based modelling of infectious disease transmission within a city

This paper provides an example of the application of an individual space-time activity-based model (ISTAM) to the simulation of the transmission of infectious disease in Eemnes, a city in The Netherlands. Four questions were addressed: (i) how to build the whole population at the city level, (ii) how to build the structure of the activity bundles for the city, (iii) how to assign daily activity patterns to each individual, and (iv) how to simulate within-AB transmission. The model was calibrated and examples of simulation results such as dynamics of the population during a whole day, infection distribution and network analysis are presented.     

氨氧化法制造硝酸用催化剂研究

氨氧化法制造硝酸在化学工业中占有重要的地位，对该生产工艺过程中采用的新型催化剂合金这性能进行了研究。     

^204T1核素溶液放射性活度国际比对测量

本文介绍１９９４—１９９７年由ＢＩＰＭ组织的２０４Ｔ１核素溶液放射性活度国际比对测量的情况。