双过渡金属杂原子介观催化材料的制备及在有机合成中的应用

以煅烧偏高岭土为硅源，Na2MoO4为钼源，ZrO2为锆源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAMB）为结构导向剂，利用水热法合成了规则六方结构的Zr-Mo-MCM-41介观催化材料。红外（FTIR）分析表明，799cm^-1处出现的伸缩振动峰可能为Zr-O键和Mo-O键的重叠峰。扫描电镜分析表明，合成的Zr-Mo-MCM-41催化材料的分散性能好，平均粒径在400nm左右且其颗粒为球形，这与X射线衍射（XRD）和激光粒度分析结果相一致．N2吸附脱附曲线研究表明，催化材料具有明显的介孔结构特征，孔径分布窄，在3．3nm左右。以H2O2为氧化剂，环戊烯环氧化反应作为探针反应，结果表明高有序介观催化材料Mo-Zr-MCM-41，与单一的杂原子Mo-MCM-41和Zr-MCM-41催化剂相比，在催化性能、水热稳定性、循环使用次数等方面得到明显改善，体现了双金属的催化协同效应。     

介孔TiO2的制备及其组织结构表征

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，柠檬酸为抑制剂，在室温下采用水解沉淀法制备出纳米介孔TiO2粉体。采用X射线衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM），N2吸附，脱附等技术对其组织结构进行表征并研究了不同热处理温度对TiO2相变的影响。结果表明：纳米介孔TiO2粉体晶粒尺寸在30nm左右，比表面积为85．452m^2／g，孔容0．05cm^3/g，孔径在4-10nm左右。500℃热处理样品具有完整的四方相锐钛矿型TiO2结构。经TEM分析结果表明，介孔TiO2样品经500℃热处理1h后呈类球型颗粒，尺寸均匀，而且孔隙已经连成网络状结构。     

热还原法制备氧化石墨烯/TiO_2复合材料及其光催化性能研究

采用Hummers法制得氧化石墨烯,以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用原位溶胶-凝胶技术制备了氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合材料,进一步经过加热还原的方法,制备热还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合光催化剂,通过FT-IR、XRD、Raman、SEM、TEM和UV-Vis光谱等对产物进行了表征,并测试了该复合光催化剂在可见光下对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明,制备的复合光催化剂主晶相为锐钛矿型TiO2,热还原氧化石墨烯表面富集的颗粒尺寸15nm左右,颗粒分布均匀。热还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合光催化剂在可见光下具有优异的光催化性能。     

纳米In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体的制备及其光致发光性能研究

本论文利用尿素水解均匀沉淀法制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO2介孔粉体，然后在硫酸铟溶液中浸泡一周，并在650℃下退火处理5h，制得纳米In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体。采用X射线衍射（XRD）和光致发光（PL）谱表征In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体的组成结构和发光性能，并对相同温度退火处理下的介孔TiO2粉体进行比较，结果表明：经过650℃退火后，在激发波长380nm，发射波长570nm附近，纳米In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体产生荧光增强效应。     

离子液中介孔TiO2的制备及其形成机理研究

首次以不同咪唑基离子液为结构导向剂，通过水热合成制备出介孔TiO2分子筛。考察了合成条件对产物结构的影响，结果表明，离子液用量、离子液类型、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素对TiO2介孔分子筛的形成和孔道结构均有影响，其中晶化温度及离子液类型的影响最为明显，在较低晶化温度时（100℃）产物孔径分布范围宽，但仍为介孔结构，当温度升高到180℃时，孔径变大并开始失去介孔特征，机理为晶化温度会影响离子液与无机物的相互作用速度，高温时TiO2结晶度也会迅速提高导致失去介孔结构，最佳晶化温度为120℃；咪唑基离子液其碳链长度不同，使用短链离子液时产物无介孔结构，当使用长链离子液时产物孔道结构良好，作为结构导向剂其碳链长度会决定产物孔道生长趋势和长度，最佳离子液类型为[C16MIM]Br．X射线衍射谱（XRD）表明产物为锐钛矿型介孔TiO2；透射电镜（TEM）观察表明产物具有规整的孔道结构（3～4nm），与低温氮吸附法分析结果一致；激光粒度分析表明产物粒度较小（20～40nm）并且分布范围窄。     

工业TiOSO4液合成有序介孔TiO2分子筛的研究

以工业TiOSO4液为原料,在复合模板剂十二胺和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的超分子自组装诱导作用下,合成出有序介孔TiO2.通过控制溶液pH值有效调控TiOSO4液的水解缩聚速率,使得水合二氧化钛均匀沉积于复合模板剂形成的胶束上,在脱除模板剂后得到介孔材料.产物采用XRD、粒度分布测试、SEM、TEM、电子衍射及等温N2吸附进行分析表征.研究表明:介孔TiO2具有精细纳米结构,孔道分布窄,平均孔径2.2nm,BET比表面积为135.9m2/g,孔隙率31%,孔容0.17cm3/g;介孔TiO2的孔壁部分晶化为锐钛型,晶粒尺寸为37nm,粒子介于30～80nm间,聚集的粉末颗粒为类球形.     

复合模板剂下制得介孔TiO2光催化活性的研究

以吐温-80（Tween-80）和司班-80（Span-80）为复合模板剂，采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）工艺制得介孔TiO2。通过对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解试验表明：模板剂的种类与用量、光照距离和甲基橙溶液的原始浓度等因素对所制得介孔TiO2试样的光催化活性产生明显的影响。实验结果证明，本研究所得介孔TiO2材料具有较高的光催化活性，500℃下煅烧5h制备的样品在2．5h内可使浓度为0．02g／L的甲基橙溶液降解率达到94．7％，明显高于市售纳米TiO2粉体的降解率78．1％；通过X-ray衍射分析获知所制TiO2为锐钛矿型。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合光催化剂及其表征

以钛酸四正丁酯为钛源,异丙醇铝为铝源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂,考察其对甲基橙的吸附性能和在紫外光照射下的光催化活性。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附等对催化剂的晶相结构、化学组成及BET比表面积和孔径分布等进行了表征。结果表明TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂由TiO2和Al2O3组成,其中TiO2为单一的锐钛矿晶相,Al2O3为非晶态,Al2O3的存在可抑制TiO2晶粒的生长。在n(Ti)/n(Al)=12,500℃煅烧3h制得的TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂比表面积达99.21m2/g,平均孔径为22.39nm,累计孔容积为0.4493cm3/g。在500℃煅烧制得的复合光催化剂具有最佳的光催化活性和吸附性能。与纯TiO2相比,相同条件下TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂的光催化活性和吸附性能都有较大提高。     

TiO2介孔光催化剂的制备研究进展

介孔TiO2是一种新型高效的光催化剂，综述了介孔TiO2的各种制备方法及其相关材料性能和在光催化降解方面的应用。分析了目前介孔TiO2材料合成和应用中存在的问题，展望了该领域的研究前景。     

磁性炭基TiO_2复合光催化剂的制备及降解罗丹明B的研究

采用浸渍法将介孔炭(MC)和铁酸镍复合制备出磁性介孔炭复合载体(MMC);采用溶胶-凝胶法在磁性复合载体上负载活性组分TiO2制成新型磁性复合光催化剂(TiO2/MMC)。样品采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、氮气吸附-脱附等和振动磁强计(VSM)表征。结果表明:TiO2/MMC复合光催化剂包含NiFe2O4磁性组分和锐钛矿TiO2活性组分,晶粒粒度约为0.15~0.2μm,BET比表面积约126m2/g,饱和磁化强度5.611emu/g。对罗丹明B染料废水光催化降解性能测试表明:TiO2/MMC复合光催化剂具有较高暗吸附特征和光催化活性,30min内暗吸附率可达33.168%,在8w低压汞灯照射下,3.5h降解率达到100%。因此,TiO2/MMC兼具良好的磁回收性能和光催化活性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.