HPAM/AlCit胶态分散体系成胶性能评价及其对岩石润湿性的影响

以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铝为主要材料合成了可用于油藏深部调驱的新型胶态分散体系(HACDS),评价了HPAM浓度、放置时间、HPAM/AlCit质量比对HACDS成胶性能的影响,并利用自吸吸入法研究了HACDS对岩石润湿性的影响.研究表明:随HPAM浓度的增加,HACDS的成胶时间缩短;随放置时间的增加,HACDS的粘度增大;HPAM/AlCit质量比对HACDS成胶时间有一定的影响;HACDS的注入可使岩石的润湿性向亲水方向转化;HACDS的注入量对相对润湿指数有一定的影响.分析认为HACDS在岩心中形成吸附膜是导致岩心润湿性改变的主要原因.     

浓稠胶体变温陈化合成小粒径4A沸石

以工业硅酸钠和氢氧化铝、氢氧化钠为原料,在少水的浓稠凝胶体系中,利用凝胶变温陈化方法,水热法合成了粒度较小,分布较窄的4A沸石晶体。变温成胶法可以促进大量晶核的形成,有效缩短诱导期。     

基于微流变法的铬冻胶体系动态成胶过程测定

针对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)与氯化铬(CrCl_3)的交联体系,采用光学微流变仪,以宏观黏度因子(MVI)和弹性因子(EI)为评价指标,研究了在不同交联剂浓度、pH值、盐浓度、温度条件下体系动态成胶的微流变特征。结果表明,随着交联剂质量分数增大、温度升高、初冻时间缩短、MVI值和EI值增大,冻胶强度增加;pH=7时的冻胶最稳定,弱碱性环境下,体系的MVI值和EI值减小,成冻时间延长且冻胶强度降低;弱酸性条件下,初冻时间缩短,但体系易破胶;随着NaCl浓度的升高,MVI值和EI值减小,初冻时间缩短冻胶强度降低。此结果与常规评价方法对比表明两者具有一致性。此外,通过对体系微观结构的表征,初步建立了一种原位测定铬冻胶体系动态成胶的微流变方法。     

水热法制备固态电解质Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3粉末

具有钙钛矿结构的固态电解质钛酸镧锂(Li3x La2/3-x TiO3,LLTO)因在室温下具有较高的电导率,是目前固态电解质领域重要的研究热点.探究可以制备出含杂相少、微观应变小、粒度分布均匀适宜、尺寸均一、形貌优良的LLTO固态电解质粉末的条件十分必要.通过水热法在900℃及1050℃两种不同煅烧保温温度下制备固态电解质LLTO,研究了在这两种不同保温条件下制备的LLTO的合成情况、形貌、粒度、微观应变等.结果表明在900℃和1050℃的保温温度下都能成功合成LLTO,但两种保温温度下合成的粉末均为不规则形状颗粒,且均存在一定程度的团聚;从最终合成的物质的相组成来看,900℃保温条件下合成的LLTO含杂相更少.结合激光粒度仪测量的颗粒尺寸与X射线衍射测量的晶粒尺寸,从宏观的激光粒度测量看,在900℃保温2 h,合成的粉末粒径分布在1.7～3μm和33～57μm范围,在1050℃保温2 h,合成的粉末粒径分布在2.5～7μm和24～48μm;而利用X射线衍射从微观角度分析,平均晶粒尺寸分别为217.3 nm(900℃)、314.3 nm(1050℃),与激光粒度仪分析的平均颗粒尺寸存在差异;从制备的颗粒的微观应变来看,在两种保温温度下均存在微观应变导致的晶格参数变化,在更高的保温温度(1050℃)下,微观应变更大.综合实验结果可知,煅烧保温温度900℃是制备LLTO粉末更适宜的保温条件.     

柠檬酸钠对球形NaGd(MoO4)2∶Eu3+纳米晶的溶剂热合成与发光性能影响

采用以乙醇为溶剂的溶剂热法,以三氧化二钆(Gd_2O_3)和钼酸钠(Na_2MoO_4)为原料,柠檬酸钠(Na_3Cit)为表面活性剂,在pH=5,180℃条件下合成出铕离子(Eu~(3+))掺杂的球形双金属钼酸盐纳米粉体[NaGd(MoO_4)_2∶Eu~(3+)],并对制备的产物的物相、形貌以及荧光性质进行表征,探讨了表面活性剂量对产物形貌及发光性能的影响。结果表明,在393nm激发条件下,不同形貌的NaGd(MoO_4)_2∶Eu~(3+)纳米晶在612nm处均有很强发射峰,在Na_3Cit∶Gd_2O_3体积配合比为1∶3,Na_3Cit添加量为1mL,Eu~(3+)用量为5%(wt,质量分数)条件下,合成的球形NaGd(MoO_4)_2∶Eu~(3+)纳米晶颗粒均匀,荧光性较好。由此,表面活性剂Na_3Cit的添加量对产物的形貌及发光性能起到重要作用。     

不同粒度NiMnCo粉末触媒催化特性及其影响因素的研究

采用扫描电干显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差热分析(DAT)研究了不同粒度NiMnCo触媒合成空刚石的催化特性及熔化特性、微观形貌、表面化学状态对其影响，结果表明：320／500目触媒适宜粗颗粒金刚石的合成，150／200目粉末触媒合成的SMD系列金刚石比例较高；比表面积、表面状态和熔化特性直接影响其合成金刚石的效果，比表面积增大，有利于提高空刚石的合成单产；熔化温度降低．可以减少连聚晶的发生；控制粉末触媒表面的氧含量是提高其催化活性的关键。     

不同磨粒含量下过共晶成分铝锰基复合材料的冲蚀磨损性能

采用MSH型磨损试验机将过共晶成分Al—Mn合金及A1203颗粒增强过共晶成分铝锰基复合材料在3．5m／s速度下进行不同磨粒粒度和不同磨粒含量的冲蚀磨损试验，分析了两种材料的组织结构，并对材料的失重率、抗冲蚀磨损性能、微观失效表面形貌进行了研究和讨论。结果表明：两种材料的冲蚀磨损失重率随着磨粒含量的增加明显增大；在3％磨粒加入量下二者的失重率随着磨粒粒度的增大均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势，且随着磨粒含量的增加两种材料在较大粒径下出现增重的现象消失。此外，在锰含量相近的条件下A120s颗粒增强过共晶成分铝锰基复合材料的抗冲蚀磨损性能优于过共晶成分铝锰合金。     

纳米阳离子微球与HPAM的相互作用

采用微乳聚合法制备一系列不同阳离子度的微球与HPAM复合形成一种新型调剖剂,通过透射扫描电镜及激光粒度分析测定出合成微球的初始粒径在50—100nm,水中膨胀后的粒径为l-3μm;使用微电泳仪分析了微球的表面电势,在阳离子度30％时达到最大;由于静电作用,阳离子微球和HPAM浓度在0．02％即发生絮凝反应;通过不同剪切下的粘度测定,发现静电作用可以大幅度提高体系的粘度;增~HPAM的水解度可以将体系粘度再提高约20％。岩心驱替实验表明,复合体系具有较好的调剖性能。     

工艺条件对层状Li（Ni1／3Co1／3Mn1／3）O2的结构及电化学性能的影响

采用共沉淀法合成了均匀的N1/3Co1/3Mn1/3（OH）2前驱体，通过配锂煅烧制备出结晶良好的层状Li（Ni1／3Co1／3Mn1／3）O2正极材料。讨论了反应条件（如pH值、氨水浓度及烧结温度）对材料结构及性能的影响，确定了最佳的共沉淀反应合成工艺条件。应用XRD、SEM分析材料的组成及结构特点，采用电化学分析方法表征材料的性能。XRD结果表明，采用共沉淀法合成了结晶良好的层状Li（Ni1／3Co1／3Mn1／3）O2正极材料，且阳离子混排程度较小。SEM分析表明，合成的正极材料粒度均匀，形貌为球形。电化学测试结果表明，所合成的材料具有良好的电化学性能和循环性能，首次放电容量为162．32mAh／g（2.8-4.3V），循环100次后的可逆容量保持率达到90.23％。     

无机盐对4A沸石晶化过程的影响

研究了添加无机盐氯化钠(NaCl)对4A沸石晶化速度以及粒度的影响。结果表明,添加一定量的NaCl并且随着NaCl加入量的增加,能够缩短4A沸石的晶化诱导期,加快晶化速率,减小4A沸石的粒度,使其粒度分布变窄。从电镜照片可以看出,加入NaCl合成的4A沸石晶体为正方形,晶体粒度比不加NaCl合成的4A沸石粒度小,并且随着NaCl加入量的增加,4A沸石晶体粒度明显减小。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.