产品族多平台配置问题研究

当前制造业的焦点已经从大规模生产转移到大规模定制,基于平台构架开发和生产产品是实现大规模定制的方法之一.本文提出用多平台方法以最小的综合生产成本为目标生产给定产品族,该方法考虑每一变型产品的需求,以最优的平台数量、每平台最优配置和每平台上生产的变型最优产品组合三者作为决策变量,以混合整形规划方法对问题建模,并描述了模型的最优算法和基于基因算法的演化策略,最后通过一个产品族实例对本文提出的方法进行说明.     

面向产品族的客户需求最佳聚类确定方法

以大规模定制为前提,为实现客户需求指导产品族规划的目的,建立了客户需求广义聚类模型．根据客户需求信息是否存在层次等级关系将其划分为递阶型和等价型,针对目前对递阶型客户需求聚类研究不能充分利用需求信息的问题,提出了基于模糊集的混合型客户需求聚类算法,增强了处理需求信息的能力．为实现产品族的合理规划,综合客户满意度和企业成本理想度建立可行性指标,提出了基于可行性确定客户需求最佳聚类的方法,并以最佳聚类方案指导产品族规划,在满足客户需求的同时保证了企业宽松的资金链．最后结合实例说明了该方法的实用性．     

基于产品平台的大规模定制设计

在分析了市场预测、产品平台、产品族、客户需求和产品之间的关系，以及产品族设计与大规模定制之间的关系的基础上，提出了以产品平台和客户化设计为主线的大规模定制设计新思路，并对两个关键环节进行了详细分析。     

MC模式下基于本体的客户需求映射方法

针对目前大规模定制模式下客户需求映射方法中存在的问题,用一组类客户需求(GCN)来表达面向产品族的客户群体需求,以期在满足众多客户需求的前提下降低客户需求的多样化程度.基于本体映射方法,建立了类客户需求与类功能要求之间的映射关系,实现了类客户需求到类功能要求的映射转换,以完善客户需求到产品族的映射过程.通过一个实例说明了此方法的应用性.     

通用电机产品族协同设计的模糊优化

产品族设计是大规模定制中的核心内容,许多文献在假定产品特征确定情况下,采用平台参数和非平台参数,提出了大规模定制下的产品族设计优化方法。基于产品族设计理念,针对含有不确定特征的产品族设计中的一种基本类型——产品参数与产品功能之间的映射含有模糊系数的情形,建立一种对平台参数和非平台参数进行协同优化的模糊双层线性规划模型,利用有关模糊算法对模糊条件下的通用电机产品族协同设计进行优化。     

基于RIR-MOO的定制产品优化设计方法研究

大规模定制是未来产品制造的发展方向,以低成本快速响应客户的个性化需求是定制产品设计的关键。以往对定制产品设计的研究缺少从个性化需求到产品参数的流程化设计指导方法,无法从定制产品个性化的客户需求出发,快速地关联设计目标并指导产品参数的设计。为此,提出了基于RIR-MOO （relative importance ratings and multi-objective optimization,相对重要性等级-多目标优化）的定制产品优化设计方法,从客户需求出发,将关键需求映射到相关的设计目标,再通过多目标优化（multi-objective optimization,MOO）方法快速求解产品参数,实现定制产品的快速响应和优化设计。首先,针对模糊、动态变化的客户需求,利用加权区间粗糙集分析方法对客户需求进行客观分析,排除争议性大的模糊需求,同时计算不同客户需求的相对权重,得到其相对重要性等级（relative importance ratings,RIR）;然后,提出一种基于转换矩阵的客户需求与设计目标关联的方法,根据关键需求与设计目标的关联度以及关键需求的RIR,对关键需求与设计目标进行匹配,实现关键需求到设计目标的转换;最后,基于MOO方法对设计目标对应的产品参数进行优化设计,实现约束条件下定制产品的多目标优化。以汽车发动机活塞机构优化设计为例,对基于RIR-MOO的优化设计方法的可行性进行验证。结果表明,所提出的方法可以快速响应定制产品的客户需求并指导其优化设计,可为定制化产品制造企业提供指导。     

面向全生命周期的大规模定制生产模式的研究

针对目前关于大规模定制的研究主要囿于产品族开发的现状,提出了从全生命周期的角度研究大规模定制生产模式的思路。通过分析单件定制、大规模生产和大规模定制三种生产模式之间的差别,形成了面向大规模定制的响应模式,总结出了设计和定制分离、延迟策略以及模块化产品族的特点。提出了面向DFX的产品族设计方法、包含需求配置和工程配置等在内的定制配置过程、基于制造单元的生产线布局规划过程、基于产品族结构和JIT策略的物流网络融合处理、面向并行装配线规划的设计结构矩阵处理算法等内容。     

基于网络的产品定制与交互设计平台开发

目的研究基于网络的产品定制与交互设计平台。方法以ASP.NET,VRML和JDBC技术为开发工具,通过建立可视化浏览器,进行用户对产品造型元素的动态浏览,基于网络开发具有良好人机交互性的产品定制系统,以客户需求为驱动开发产品个性化设计的平台。结论基于网络的产品定制与交互设计平台能够使企业迅速地响应客户的需求,设计出满足客户需要的产品;能够推动企业的信息化建设,提高企业对市场的快速响应能力和新产品开发的效率,提升企业的核心竞争力。     

基于联合分析和模糊聚类的产品族客户需求模型研究

客户需求信息的准确获取与表达是产品族规划的首要环节,针对客户需求模型构建过程中需求信息具有抽象性、模糊性等特点,基于公理设计构建描述客户需求的模型,运用联合分析法对客户需求进行量化,将模糊的客户需求转换为具体的产品设计指标和参数.通过对指标和参数的相关性分析,建立产品设计关联矩阵.采用模糊最大树聚类算法对设计关联矩阵进行聚类分析,以聚类有效性指标为依据,得到最佳聚类阈值,从而获得最优聚类结果.在此基础上,利用最优聚类结果对设计关联矩阵进行解耦,最终得到解耦设计关联矩阵,为参数化产品族规划提供理论依据.最后,以圆柱齿轮减速器产品族规划为实例,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

面向大规模定制产品设计的客户需求处理研究

针对大规模定制生产方式下的产品设计特点,建立了面向产品族设计的客户总体需求与面向单一产品设计的客户定制需求的综合处理流程.采用模糊聚类、模糊层次分析法、扩展的质量屋以及模式识别等技术对客户需求处理流程中需求分类、需求权重计算、需求转换及需求定位等问题进行了研究.该研究对大规模定制生产方式中客户需求信息处理提供了有效的处理框架和手段,并在多品种小批量专用车产品数据管理系统中进行了应用验证.     

大规模定制模式下定制程度的优选分析

大规模定制运用于生产时,定制程度可作为功能的个性化程度.从制造设计的角度来看,定制化产品的类设计参数与类功能需求间存在映射关系,而类功能需求可由定制程度予以表达后进行加权评分;从顾客认可和销售利润来看,顾客对定制化产品的认可可借以顾客满意度来反应,如果针对具体的产品,顾客满意度和产品销售利润均可找到以定制程度为变量的拟合函数.因此,在追求类功能需求评分、顾客满意度和利润函数值尽可能高的目的下,可以求出定制程度的最优解.     

Optimal concurrent product design and process planning based on the requirements of individual customers in one-of-a-kind production

One-of-a-kind production is a new manufacturing paradigm for producing customised products based on the requirements of individual customers while maintaining the quality and efficiency of mass production. This research addresses the issues in optimal concurrent product design and process planning based on the requirements of individual customers. In this work, a hybrid AND-OR graph is developed to model the variations of design configurations/parameters and manufacturing processes/parameters in a generic product family. Since different design configurations and parameters can be created from the same customer requirements, and each design can be further achieved through alternative manufacturing processes and parameters, co-evolutionary genetic programming and numerical optimisation are employed to identify the optimal product design configuration/parameters and manufacturing process/parameters. A case study is introduced to identify the optimal design configuration/parameters and manufacturing process/parameters of custom window products of an industrial company to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.     

A methodology of integrating affective design with defining engineering specifications for product design

Affective design and the determination of engineering specifications are commonly conducted separately in early product design stage. Generally, designers and engineers are required to determine the settings of design attributes (for affective design) and engineering requirements (for engineering design), respectively, for new products. Some design attributes and some engineering requirements could be common. However, the settings of the design attributes and engineering requirements could be different because of the separation of the two processes. In previous studies, a methodology that considers the determination of the settings of the design attributes and engineering requirements simultaneously was not found. To bridge this gap, a methodology for considering affective design and the determination of engineering specifications of a new product simultaneously is proposed. The proposed methodology mainly involves generation of customer satisfaction models, formulation of a multi-objective optimisation model and its solving using a chaos-based NSGA-II. To illustrate and validate the proposed methodology, a case study of mobile phone design was conducted. A validation test was conducted and the test results showed that the customer satisfaction values obtained based on the proposed methodology were higher than those obtained based on the combined standalone quality function deployment and standalone affective design approach.     

Module-scale-based product platform planning

Planning product platform by taking full advantage of existing product resources is an effective tactic for mass customization, which can help not only keep market share, improve production batch, but also enhance customization. In this paper, we investigate a methodology for achieving the goal. As a basis, product platform is defined as a set of modules, platform parameters and individual parameters. Then, the steps of product platform planning are given. First, product modules are identified; second, a strategy of choosing platform parameters is investigated based on considering the influence of customizing individual parameters upon the activities, such as design, die, machining, assembly, service and management, in all product life cycle; third, an optimization model is employed to determine the value of platform parameters whose carriers are the modules. Finally, the proposed methodology is effectively demonstrated in an instance of motorcycle-hydraulic-disk brake platform planning.     

基于Kano模型的用户需求指标体系研究

用户需求是产品设计的源头,设计的目的是为了开发出满足用户需求的产品.本文基于产品的质量指标体系,用Kano模型对用户需求项目进行研究,分析消费者对产品在时间、质量、经济性、服务、社会性等方面的需求,制订了基于Kano模型的用户需求指标体系,为用户需求的知识获取、QFD方法应用及智能设计打下基础.     

Product platform design through clustering analysis and information theoretical approach

An effectively designed product platform is vital to the final product family derived from it. A product platform design consists of platform configuration to decide which variables to make common across the product family and to determining the optimal values for platform and scaling variables for all product variants. Many existing product family design methods assume a given platform configuration, i.e. the platform variables are specified a priori by designers. However, selecting the right combination of common and scaling variables is not trivial. Most approaches are single-platform methods, in which design variables are either shared across all product variants or not at all. While in multiple-platform design, platform variables can have special value with regard to a subset of product variants within the product family, offering opportunities for superior overall design. This paper proposes a quantitative method for scale-based multiple-platform design using clustering analysis and Shannon's Entropy theory. Optimization methods are used to design the product family by holding the values of platform variables constant and to find the best values of the scaling variables. An information theoretical approach is used to help select platform variables based on the clustering analysis of individually designed products. Validity analysis is performed to determine the optimal settings for platform variables. Local clustering is further performed on each platform variable, to establish subsets of variants such that variants within a subset are more similar to each other than they are to variants in other subsets and a common value is used to represent the various values of variants in each subset. A case study is used to illustrate the process of the proposed method, and the design solutions are compared with that found by other methods given in previous literature. The comparison results verified that the multiple-platform design can lead to superior solutions of product family.     

开放式结构产品的模块规划

 产品的多元化和市场竞争使客户对产品的个性化需求不断增加,传统的产品结构难以满足低成本和个性化的需求．开放式结构产品使得产品既拥有大批量定制的优点又能满足客户个性化的需求．开放式结构产品将产品的模块分为通用模块、定制模块和个性化模块．模块划分和模块类型规划是开放式结构产品设计的重要步骤．针对开放式结构产品的设计,提出了一种以公理设计为分析框架、以质量功能展开（QFD）为基本模型的模块划分和分类方法．该方法采用公理设计建立功能需求与概念结构之间的映射关系,通过分析概念结构之间的功能、空间和信息流关系建立了设计关联矩阵,运用系统聚类法对设计关联矩阵进行聚类模块划分,利用QFD规划产品中零部件的类型并建立模块类型规划准则,最后根据零部件类型确定了开放式结构产品的模块类型．应用所提出的方法对玩具喷漆机进行了模块规划,得出了开放式结构玩具喷漆机的结构方案,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性．