激光-库尔特联用法测算高岭石径厚比

为了确定不同形貌特征的高岭石的径厚比,利用实验和测算方法对高岭石的粒径及径厚比进行了表征,并与单一库尔特法和SEM统计法测算径厚比的实验结果进行了对比,探讨了各种测试方法之间的相关性及测算结果的互补关系。结果表明:对于颗粒相对较大的高岭石,可以直接采用库尔特法测算径厚比;对于颗粒较小的高岭石,激光-库尔特联用法结果更可靠,可被应用于其他片层状矿物径厚比的测算。     

超细高岭石粒径测试方法对比研究

以甲氧基嫁接高岭石复合物为前驱体,利用插层-剥片法对高岭石片层进行剥离,制得超细高岭石样品;以张家口高岭石原矿为对比测试样品,分别采用激光法、图像法和电阻法测试高岭石原矿样品和超细高岭石样品的粒径。结果表明:3种测试方法均可用于高岭石的粒径测试,测试结果相差较小,粒径变化趋势一致;高岭石原矿粒度分布分散,超细高岭石粒度分布集中;在张家口高岭石原矿粒径的测试中,激光法测试结果偏大,电阻法测试结果偏小,图像法测试结果居中,优先选择图像法;在超细高岭石粒径的测试中,图像法测试结果偏大,电阻法结果偏小,激光法测试结果居中,优先选择激光法。     

Li4Ti5O12负极材料的制备及其A位掺杂改性

钛酸锂(Li4Ti5O12)是一种"零应变"材料,即在充放电过程中,不发生体积变化,因而被认为是一种安全可靠的锂离子电池负极材料。在实际应用中,为了克服它的绝缘性缺陷,通常从颗粒纳米化和提高导电性两方面对材料进行改性。通过对传统溶胶凝胶法进行改进,成功地制备了颗粒细小(颗粒尺径约为150~400nm)、分散性良好的A位La3+掺杂的Li4Ti5O12粉体。La3+掺杂能够有效地减小界面电荷转移电阻,并缓解材料的电极极化现象。未进入晶格的La3+有可能阻塞Li+的一维扩散通道,而杂质La0.625Li0.125TiO3有效提高了材料的离子导电性,受两种因素的共同作用,不同La3+掺杂量的Li4Ti5O12表现出了不同的电化学性能。     

平面K型主圆支方钢管节点力学性能数值分析

以平面K型主圆支方钢管节点的试验数据为基础,建立有限元参数分析模型,进行了非线性有限元参数分析。研究揭示了节点受力全过程,破坏模式以及分布规律。重点考察了支管边长与主管直径比值β、主管的径厚比γ和支管与主管的壁厚比τ对节点极限承载力的影响。有限元参数分析结果表明：主管的径厚比γ和支管与主管的壁厚比τ对节点极限承载力影响...     

二次化学共沉淀法制备片状钡铁氧体的形成历程及磁性能研究

采用二次化学共沉淀法制备出六角或近六角片状BaFe₁₂O₁₉,其颗粒径向尺寸和径厚比分别为0.4-2μm和4-20。通过XRD、FTIR、TG/DTA及SEM/EDS分析技术研究了片状BaFe₁₂O₁₉的形成历程。结果表明:前驱体为非晶态BaCO₃、低结晶态Fe（OH）₃和晶态α-Fe₂O₃包覆原料BaFe₁₂O₁₉复合物;前驱体在焙烧过程中经过Fe（OH）₃脱水、BaCO₃分解反应、中间相α-Fe₂O₃和BaO反应得到终产物BaFe₁₂O₁₉。基于形成历程,六角片状BaFe₁₂O₁₉较原料BaFe₁₂O₁₉表现出显著提高的颗粒径向尺寸和径厚比、较高的纯度和略低的结晶有序程度,进而表现出明显提高的矫顽力、略低的饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度。     

Bi2O3薄膜的制备及其电阻开关特性的研究

电阻式存储器由于具有众多的优点有望成为最有前景的下一代高速非挥发性存储器的选择之一.实验利用射频磁控溅射法在重掺硅上沉积了Bi2O3薄膜,并对该薄膜的结晶状态和Au/Bi2O3/n+Si/Al结构的电阻开关特性进行了研究.XRD分析结果表明,射频磁控溅射法沉积所得的Bi2O3薄膜结晶性能好,(201)取向明显.I-V曲线测试结果表明,Au/Bi2O3/n+Si/Al结构具有单极性电阻开关特性.通过对不同厚度Bi2O3薄膜的Au/Bi2O3/n+Si/Al结构I-V特性比较发现,随着薄膜厚度的增加,电阻开关的Forming、Set和Reset阈值电压均随之增加.对于Bi2O3薄膜厚度为31.2 nm的Au/Bi2O3/n+Si/Al结构,其Forming、Set和Reset阈值电压均低于4 V,符合存储器低电压工作的要求.     

几种常见粒度分析方法的比对研究

正一、概述颗粒的粒度分析方法很多。随着科技的进步,有些方法被逐步淘汰,有些方法得到了改进和发展(如激光衍射法、动态光散射法等),并在生产和科研中得到了广泛应用(如激光衍射法、显微图像法、电阻法、光透沉降法、筛分法等)。本文选择了目前常见的激光衍射法、显微图像法、电阻法、光透沉降法4种不同测量原理的粒度分析方法,邀请国内实验室合作进行比对实验,对粒度分布范围在(1~100)μm的玻璃微珠颗粒进行粒度分析,对各类统计粒径进行数据比对,以验证这几种粒度分析方法的一致性与可比性。     

插层-超声复合法制备高岭石纳米晶体及棒状晶体的出现

本文采用一种新型的复合方法制备高岭石纳米晶体.采用插层法和超声法相结合对高岭石进行剥片,先用吸潮法制备出高岭石/醋酸钾的插层复合物,再对插层复合物进行超声处理.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和电子衍射研究了剥片前后高岭石形状、大小及其结构的变化.实验结果表明,在1小时的超声处理后就已达到明显的剥片效果,BET测试比表面积从8.24m^2/g达到52.29m^2/g;同时处理后的高岭石颗粒保持了完整的晶体结构.另外,超声处理后发现部分高岭石晶体出现了新型纳米棒状结构.     

YCl3对高岭石热分解动力学的影响

稀土钇以氯化物的形式加入到高岭石中,用综合热分析仪研究YCl_3对高岭石热分解过程的影响。采用Coats-Redfern积分法和Achar微分法以及选用32种机理对热分析实验数据进行拟合,获得了加入YCl_3的高岭石的热分解反应动力学机理、加入YCl_3的高岭石的热分解活化能及指前因子。结果表明:YCl_3的加入使高岭石热分解反应提前和热分解程度增大;加入YCl_3的高岭石的热分解机理符合第31号机理,其积分函数形式为(1-α)-1/2-1,微分函数形式为2(1-α)3/2,两种方法计算加入YCl_3的高岭石的热分解反应的平均活化能为277.729kJ/mol,指前因子的自然对数值为43.42;加入YCl3使高岭石的热分解活化能降低了9.81%,YCl3的加入有助于高岭石热分解反应的发生。     

基于超声谱分析的颗粒粒度测量研究

为验证不同超声谱测量和分析方式对颗粒粒度测试的影响,设计了一种非侵入式超声波透射和多次反射信号同步测量实验装置。采用脉冲回波法、反射比样法和透射法分别对体积分数为1%~4%的聚苯乙烯-水悬浮液进行实验,结合理论模型,分析超声波在颗粒两相体系中的衰减谱、相速度谱和阻抗谱。以ECAH模型为理论基础,结合ORT反演算法,对不同超声谱进行反演获得了聚苯乙烯样品颗粒粒径分布。将上述结果与图像法对比,颗粒中位径结果偏差均在15%之内,3种谱分析的粒径分布也较为吻合。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.