Au/Ag芯-壳复合结构纳米颗粒的制备和表征

利用二步液相还原法制备了 Au/Ag 芯 壳复合结构的纳米颗粒。用 TEM对反应液中金离子和银离子的摩尔比分别为1∶2和1∶1时所制备的 Au/Ag芯 壳复合结构的纳米颗粒的尺寸和形貌进行了表征。其紫外 可见吸收光谱具有 2 个可区分的吸收带,与纯金和纯银纳米颗粒的光学吸收特性对比后认为:随着反应液中银离子摩尔份数的增加,等离子体共振吸收峰始终位于 410nm附近的吸收带为银纳米颗粒的等离子体吸收带;另一个将随之产生蓝移的吸收带为Au/Ag芯 壳复合结构纳米颗粒的等离子体吸收带,蓝移是由于银壳厚度的增加而引起的。     

Ag颗粒形貌对 Ag-SiO2复合薄膜表面共振吸收特性的影响

利用磁控溅射制备了Ag和SiO2分层结构,通过快速热处理,使Ag颗粒扩散到复合薄膜的表面附近.在实验中,通过改变每层Ag和SiO2的厚度.制备出不同形貌的Ag纳米颗粒.分析了Ag颗粒的形貌对其费米能级的影响.发现Ag颗粒的曲率越大,颗粒层间的台阶越宽,颗粒费米能级上的电子数目越多,共振吸收相应地增强.     

Ag-MgF_2纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的光吸收特性

测量了真空热蒸发沉积法制备的Ag MgF2 纳米金属陶瓷薄膜在近紫外到可见光区的吸收光谱、光学常数和介电函数 ,观察到在 42 7nm处有明显的表面等离子激元共振吸收峰。消光系数与介电函数的虚部谱形类似。讨论了共振吸收峰位置与金属微粒尺寸的关系     

Ag离子注入石英玻璃光学透射率研究

用Mevva离子源,将Ag离子注入到石英玻璃中形成纳米晶粒。离子注入的能量为90keV,剂量分别为5×1015、1×1016、3×1016、5×1016、1×1017ions/cm2。X光电子能谱(XPS)分析纳米Ag颗粒没有发生化学反应,说明Ag仍以金属态形式存在。光学透射率测试表明,吸收峰的位置在400nm,当剂量大于5×1016ions/cm2时,发现在440nm左右有一伴峰。分析表明400nm的峰来源于表面等离子体共振吸收,而440nm的伴峰是注入离子形成了少数非常大的纳米颗粒以及纳米颗粒之间相互作用引起的。样品退火后,表面等离子体共振吸收峰红移,而伴峰消失。随着退火的温度升高,峰位红移越大,说明纳米颗粒尺寸增大。     

ZnS/PVA纳米复合薄膜的制备与表征

采用提拉真空干燥的方法制备出以石英玻璃为基板的ZnS/PVA纳米复合薄膜.ZnS/PVA纳米复合溶胶是通过直接混合法将ZnS纳米粒子与聚乙烯醇(PVA)高分子材料水溶液直接混合制备得到.ZnS纳米粒子由微乳液法制备得到.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析表征了ZnS纳米粒子的微观形貌和晶型,TEM结果表明C12H25SH与Zn2 的比例越大,ZnS粒子的粒径越小且在PVA中的分散越好,当C12H25SH/Zn2 的比例为8∶1时,ZnS纳米粒子的粒径为50 nm,呈球状;XRD分析表明,PVA中ZnS纳米粒子具有类似于立方β-ZnS晶相.用紫外-可见(UV-VIS)吸收光谱和荧光光谱(PL)对其光学性能进行了表征,结果表明随着C12H25SH/Zn2 的摩尔比从4:1增长到8:1,ZnS/PVA纳米复合薄膜的吸收峰的强度逐渐增强,峰位也逐渐向短波长方向偏移.在280 nm下激发,PL中出现了峰位位于365 nm处的荧光发射峰;并且发现随着C12H25SH/Zn2 摩尔比从2:1增大到8:1,在C12H25SH/Zn2 摩尔比为4:1时,荧光发射峰的强度相对较大, 其余的荧光发射峰蓝移并且强度增大,表现出较为明显的量子尺寸效应;当C12H25SH/Zn2 摩尔比较大时,出现了低能发光(450 nm～467 nm)的现象.     

退火对Ag-SiO2复合薄膜形貌和光学特性的影响

使用磁控溅射制备Ag和SiO2相间的多层膜，系统研究了退火对复合薄膜形貌和光学特性的影响。实验发现退火时间越长，Ag颗粒直径越大，吸收谱峰位相对较短的退火时间有红移现象，并且吸收谱峰比较宽，比较强。在退火时间足够长的情况下，随着每层SiO2厚度的减小，Ag颗粒直径也减小，吸收峰强度变小，峰宽变窄，峰位有蓝移现象。我们做了大量实验，总结出了退火时间的计算公式。薄膜经过合适的退火时间，放置20d后发现出现小平面结构，Ag颗粒分裂，吸收谱峰宽变窄，吸收峰位蓝移。不同退火温度下的吸收谱表明500℃是一个比较理想的退火温度。     

Ni2+掺杂ZnO薄膜及粉体的结构和发光性能研究

采用激光脉冲沉积法,用XeCl准分子激光器在Si (100)基片、真空和5Pa氧气气氛下制备了Ni2+(0.8％(原子分数))掺杂的呈六角纤锌矿结构的ZnO薄膜.氧气气氛下制备的薄膜沿(002)取向生长,表面比较平整,平均颗粒尺寸为80nm.真空条件下制备的薄膜出现Zn2SiO4杂相,平均颗粒尺寸为150nm.和真空条件下制备的薄膜相比,氧气气氛下制备的薄膜具有较强的ZnO本征发光,在425nm附近出现由于填隙Zn缺陷引起的较宽的蓝光发光带,并且在482nm处出现了由于氧空位和氧间隙间的转换引起的较强的蓝光发光峰,同时由于氧缺陷引起的449nm附近的蓝光发光峰强度明显降低.     

Ag—MgF2纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的光吸收特性

测量了真空热蒸发沉积法制备的Ag-MgF2纳米金属陶瓷薄膜在近紫外到可见光区的吸收光谱、光学常数和介电函数，观察到在427nm处有明显的表面等离子激元共振吸收峰。消光系数与介电函数的虚部谱形类似。讨论了共振吸收峰位置与金属微粒尺寸的关系。     

Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的微粒尺寸效应

本文用Maxwell-Gamett有效介质理论计算了不同体积成分比的Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜在2.50 nm-830 nm波段的光学常数,考虑了由于金属颗粒尺寸对其内部传导电子平均自由程的限制而产生的尺寸效应。同时讨论了Ag-MgF2复合薄膜中的Ag微粒表面等离子体共振吸收峰的峰强、峰位、半高宽以及由于金属微粒的尺寸效应而引起的峰位移动的情况,并将考虑尺寸效应后所得到光学常数的理论值和实验结果进行了比较。     

Ag-BaO复合薄膜光吸收谱中的双峰结构

经超额Ba激活的Ag-BaO复合薄膜光吸收谱显示,该薄膜样品在可见-近红外光波段存在2个吸收峰.理论分析表明,位于可见光区的主吸收峰源于埋藏在BaO半导体中的Ag纳米粒子的表面等离子激元共振吸收;而位于近红外光区的次吸收峰则是由BaO半导体基质中杂质能级的光吸收引起的.杂质能级的产生与超额Ba在BaO晶体中造成的氧缺位有关.     

Mg-Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及其光学特性

采用溶胶-凝胶（sol—gel）旋涂法在载玻片上制备了不同A1掺杂量的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜．在室温下利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光致发光（PL）谱仪等手段分析了Mg—Al共掺杂Zn0薄膜的微结构、形貌和发光特性．XRD结果表明Mg．AI＆掺杂zn0薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构;随着Al掺杂量的增加,共掺杂薄膜呈C轴取向生长．由SEM照片可知薄膜表面形貌随Al掺杂量的增加由颗粒状结构向纳米棒状结构转变．透射光谱表明共掺杂薄膜在可见光区内的透射率大于50％,紫外吸收边发生蓝移．在室温下的PL谱表明Mg—Al共掺杂zn0薄膜的紫外发射峰向短波长方向移动：Al掺杂摩尔分数为1％和3％的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的可见发射峰分别为596nm的黄光和565nm的绿光．黄光主要与氧间隙有关,而绿光主要与氧空位有关．     

退火温度对磁控溅射SiC薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

首先采用射频磁控溅射法在单晶Si(100)衬底上沉积制备了SiC薄膜,然后将所制备的薄膜试样分别在600,800和1 000℃氩气氛中退火120 min;采用X射线衍射仪和红外吸收光谱仪分析了薄膜的结构随退火温度的变化,采用荧光分光分度计研究了薄膜的发光性能随退火温度的变化。结果表明:室温制备的SiC薄膜为非晶态,经600℃退火后薄膜结晶,且随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的结晶程度越来越好,并且部分SiC结构发生了由α-SiC到β-SiC的转变;所制备的SiC薄膜在384和408 nm处有两个发光峰,且两峰的强度均随退火温度的升高逐渐变强,其中384nm处的峰源自于SiC的发光,408 nm处的峰源自于碳簇的发光。     

Investigation of the size effect on optical properties of polycrystalline Ge deposition by pulse laser deposition

The size effect of optical properties of the polycrystalline Ge/Si films prepared by pulse laser deposition (PLD) is investigated by photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent (PC) spectra. The size of Ge nanocrystals is precisely controlled by the pulsed deposition time and then observed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average size of Ge nanocrystals is about 2, 5 and 25 nm for 1, 2 and 3 min deposited sample, respectively. The size effect on optical properties of Ge nanocrystals has been analyzed by photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent (PC) spectra. The PL peaks shift from 0.799 eV for 1 min to 0.762 eV for 3 mins; at the same time, the photocurrent peaks of the films sharply changes from 0.781 eV to 0.749 eV, the shifts of PL and PC are contributed to the quantum size effect of Ge nanocrystals.     

Size-controlled Ag nanoparticle modified WO3 composite films for adjustment of electrochromic properties

Size-controllable Ag nanoparticle ultrathin films, which were fabricated by vacuum deposition method from high purity Ag wire onto cleaned indium tin oxide conducting glass, have different color fabricated by variation of preparation conditions. The UV/Vis spectra showed that optical absorption peak of these Ag nanoparticle films can be tuned in a range from 457 nm to >650 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that with increasing film thickness Ag particle size was larger. Ag/WO₃ composite films were prepared by cathodic electrodeposition of WO₃ onto the surface of Ag nanoparticle films. Spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic properties of the resulting composite films were characterized. It was found that the electrochemical and electrochromatic properties of the composite films were adjustable with change the size of Ag nanoparticles in the composite films. Compared with a single component system of WO₃, a substantial enhancement in the electroactive and electrochromic performance for the Ag embedded WO₃ composite system was clearly observed.     

Influence of the interaction between metal particles on optical properties of Ag-Si3N4 composite films. I. Experiment

Ag-Si3N4 composite films with metal fractions of 20% and 33% were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The Ag particles inside the composite films were less than 5 nm in radius. The optical absorption and near-field enhancement properties of the composite films were measured. On the plots of optical absorption, the extra absorption was observed as well as the surface plasmon resonance absorption. The intensity of the extra absorption depended on the particle size and metal fraction. Moreover, the composite films with higher extra absorption had better near-field enhancement properties. These phenomena were possibly related with the interaction between Ag particles in composite films.     

Finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation study on the optical properties of silver nanocomposites

The effects of the nanoparticle geometry and the host matrix on the optical properties of silver (Ag) nanocomposites were investigated. The spatial intensity distribution and absorption spectra were obtained by solving Maxwell equations using the finite-difference time-domain method. Local enhancement of the optical field was produced near the surface of the Ag nanoparticle. As the nanoparticle size increased, the plasmon-induced absorption increased and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength of the Ag nanocomposite was redshifted. As the nanoparticle geometry was transformed from a sphere to an ellipsoid, two plasmon peaks appeared and their spectral spacing became larger with increasing the aspect ratio. The effects of the nanoparticle size and the anisotropic geometry on the optical properties of the Ag nanocomposites can be described by the Maxwell-Garnett theory and the Drude model. From the absorption spectra of the Ag nanocomposites with five different host matrices (SiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, ZrO2, and TiO2), it was found that the SPR wavelength of the Ag nanocomposite was redshifted with increasing the refractive index of the host matrix.     

Thickness dependent structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ge nanostructures

In the present paper, we have investigated structural, optical as well as electronic properties of electron beam evaporated Ge thin films having layer thicknesses ranging from ultra-thin (5 nm) to thick (200 nm). The Raman spectra show that all peaks are shifted towards lower wave number as compared to their bulk counterparts and are considered as a signature of nanostructure formation and quantum confinement effect. The Raman line exhibits transformation from nanocrystalline to microcrystalline phase with a reduction in blue shift of peak position with increase in Ge film thickness (>5 nm). Similarly, the optical absorption spectra corresponding to these films also show reduction in blue shift effect, although Ge 5 nm film shows the absorption behaviour quite different from higher thickness films. The corresponding band gap values obtained from absorption measurements are much larger than bulk Ge and are mainly attributed to the effect of quantum confinement as expected for small size particles calculated from GIXRD patterns. AFM data in each case are correlated and discussed with structural as well as optical results to support the effect of growth morphology on the above-mentioned observations. The results are further supported by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), photoluminescence (PL) and resistivity measurements and are interpreted in terms of crystallinity and quantum confinement effect.     

贵金属纳米颗粒的表面等离子共振研究

通过修正的Mie理论分别对单金属Ag、单金属Cu和Cu核Ag壳纳米颗粒/玻璃复合材料的吸收光谱进行了理论计算.计算结果表明,对单金属Ag纳米颗粒/玻璃复合材料,Ag的吸收峰位于425nm左右,不随颗粒尺寸变化而发生偏移;对单金属Cu纳米颗粒/玻璃复合材料,Cu的吸收峰也不随尺寸变化发生偏移但强度较弱;对Cu核Ag壳纳米...     

Microstructure and optical properties of Si–Ag nanocomposite films prepared by co-sputtering

Novel composite thin films consisting of nanosized Ag particles embedded in an amorphous Si matrix were made with Ag contents from 0 at% to 61 at% by radio frequency co-sputtering of Si and Ag. The microstructure and optical properties of the films were characterized by conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy and spectrometry in the wavelength range from 200 to 1500 nm. It was found that the films consist of nanosized Ag particles (2.8–6.0 nm) particle and their clusters embedded in an amorphous Si matrix. The optical absorption spectra of the films up to 40 at% Ag exhibit characteristics similar to the amorphous semiconductor Si. At higher Ag contents two absorption maxima at 350 nm and 700 nm appear. Effective medium theories were examined to predict the optical properties of the films and it was found that the predictions from the Sheng Ping theory with a modified dielectric function of bulk Ag (taking into account the mean free path limitation of Ag particle boundaries) qualitatively agree with the measured absorption spectra. The two absorption maxima are accounted for as interfacial plasma resonance absorption associated with the silver particle/silicon matrix interfaces.     

Effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the microstructure and optical properties of ZnO:Cu films

Cu-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Cu) films were deposited on Si substrates using radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the microstructures and optical properties of ZnO:Cu thin films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the grain orientation of the films was promoted by appropriate oxygen partial pressures. And with increasing oxygen partial pressure, the compressive stress of the films increased first and then decreased. The photoluminescence (PL) of the samples were measured at room temperature. A violet peak, two blue peaks and a green peak were observed from the PL spectra of the four samples. The origin of these emissions was discussed and the mechanism of violet emission of ZnO:Cu thin films were suggested.