鱼雷防御系统中不断出现的硬杀伤能力

鱼雷防御可以采用软杀伤和硬杀伤两种对抗手段。现在大多数鱼雷防御系统还是软杀伤型的系统--使用诱饵或干扰器干扰潜艇的目标指示，去误导或打断鱼雷的制导机制。但软杀伤并不能对抗某些类型的鱼雷，加上大部分先进的现代鱼雷都具有反对抗措施，导致软杀伤防御的有效性在降低，需要开始更多地关注能够消除威胁的硬杀伤系统。现代水面舰艇鱼雷防御系统中正在不断增强对来袭鱼雷的硬杀伤能力。反鱼雷鱼雷、火箭深弹、拦截网、爆炸式声诱饵等都是用于鱼雷防御的硬杀伤手段，对相关硬杀伤技术进行了分析和回顾。     

国外水面舰艇鱼雷防御系统纵览

装备有先进鱼雷的现代潜艇的增加已经使全世界的海军更加努力寻求保护水面舰艇免遭鱼雷攻击的方法。文章对国外在鱼雷防御方面的努力做了回顾。当前大部分反鱼雷防御系统多是软杀伤系统,但软杀伤只能对抗一些类型的鱼雷,因此,人们在对软杀伤器材持续改进的同时,正更多地关注能够消除所有威胁的硬杀伤系统。     

国外水面舰艇鱼雷防御系统的构建问题探析

鱼雷是水面舰艇面临的主要威胁之一,目前多国海军正在努力研制经济高效的鱼雷防御系统来对抗鱼雷攻击。成功防御现代鱼雷的攻击需要一个全自动、集成化、多层次的防御系统。在鱼雷种类繁多的情况下,一个有效的鱼雷防御系统必须能够在不同的环境下成功对抗各种类型的鱼雷攻击。文章对鱼雷防御系统的作战需求、基本组成,鱼雷报警、对抗手段选择、系统集成等与系统设计相关的问题进行了探析。     

噪声干扰器对抗条件下声自导鱼雷命中概率仿真研究

声自导鱼雷是攻击潜艇的主要武器之一。而使用噪声干扰器则是潜艇对抗来袭声自导鱼雷的主要手段。介绍了噪声干扰器对抗原理,建立了噪声干扰器使用模型以及声自导鱼雷对潜艇攻击的弹道模型,通过计算机仿真模拟了噪声干扰条件下智能与非智能鱼雷攻击潜艇的命中概率。证明了为对抗水声干扰器材,鱼雷需要向智能化高速化发展。     

国外鱼雷防御问题评述(二)水面舰艇鱼雷防御系统中鱼雷报警纵览

鱼雷防御是从对来袭鱼雷的识别报警开始的,所有鱼雷防御系统的基础是其对鱼雷的检测、分类和定位能力。为了有效地对抗鱼雷攻击,各国海军正在努力提升其声纳的鱼雷目标检测、定位和识别性能。文章对国外鱼雷报警系统的现状和发展趋势进行了分析和评述。鱼雷报警功能可以利用专门的鱼雷报警声纳来实现,也可以集成在一个被动拖线阵里。但通常由一个主被动联合拖曳阵声纳和舰壳声纳构成一个完整的系统,共同完成鱼雷辐射噪声的被动检测、分类和主动回波信号的分析,每个声纳都为鱼雷这个高速小目标的检测定位进行了优化。这样的系统由于可以采用基元数众多长线阵、更好地利用声场条件等,可以实现对鱼雷目标的远距离识别、定位和全方位覆盖。系统部分组成通常也是反潜战能力的组成部分,而将鱼雷检测和水声对抗结合正成为一种新的发展趋势,一些拖曳阵可以作为软杀伤对抗措施欺骗其检测到的鱼雷目标。     

水声对抗仿真系统研究中导演台的功能

1引言 由于海战中来自鱼雷的攻击对舰艇构成了最大威胁,因此,以防、反鱼雷为主要功能的水声对抗系统在舰艇的防御系统中占有重要的地位.水声对抗仿真系统是一个基于HLA的分布交互式仿真系统,它将水声对抗和计算机仿真技术有机结合在一起,可望对水声对抗系统的研究和改进提供一定意义上的参考.     

噪声干扰器对抗声呐使用效果分析与使用方法探讨

噪声干扰器是一种宽带大功率压制性干扰器材 ,可用来对抗主、被动声呐跟踪 ,还可对抗声自导鱼雷的攻击。文章在分析噪声干扰器工作机理基础上 ,以假想潜艇携带噪声干扰器对抗声呐为例 ,通过仿真计算 ,分析噪声干扰器对抗声呐的使用效果 ,并对噪声干扰器使用方法探讨。     

声诱饵仿真系统中的关键技术

水面舰／潜艇对抗鱼雷的整个过程中，使用声诱饵对鱼雷进行软杀伤是一个重要的环节。为了在实验室条件下对声诱饵的性能进行一定程度的评估，作者建立了一个声诱饵仿真系统。文章就其中的一些关键技术从系统的角度进行了讨论。     

国外反舰鱼雷的现状与发展趋势

鱼雷是水面舰艇面临的主要威胁之一,如何有效地防御鱼雷攻击已经成为各国海军必须认真面对的问题。认真研究国外鱼雷的现状和发展趋势,有助于研制出高性能的水面舰艇鱼雷防御系统。文章依据有关资料,主要对与鱼雷防御相关的自导技术和鱼雷推进系统等方面的现状进行了分析和评述。     

低频噪声干扰器对抗线导鱼雷攻击效果研究

本文在分析低频噪声干扰器工作机理的基础上,计算出干扰器的有效干扰区域,并以假想舰艇携带低频噪声干扰器对抗线导鱼雷为例,仿真计算了噪声干扰器对抗线导鱼雷攻击时的干扰效果.仿真结果表明,使用低频噪声干扰器在一定程度上能够提高水面舰艇在水声对抗作战中的生存概率,但对抗效果并不明显.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.