聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯熔体等温结晶的焓松弛

利用微分扫描热分析（DSC）获得了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）熔体等温结晶过程焓松弛速率曲线,并对结晶焓松弛速率曲线进行微分从而获得等温结晶焓松弛加速度曲线。文中通过定义相对结晶速率R和相对结晶加速度A,确定了相对结晶速率R和相对结晶加速度A与结晶焓松弛速率和结晶焓松弛加速度之间对应相差的一个常数值,然而其所对应的变...     

7050铝合金时效成形中应力松弛行为与回弹方程

通过自主设计的单向拉伸应力松弛装置研究7050铝合金时效成形过程中的应力松弛行为和回弹方程。结果表明:时效温度范围内7050铝合金的应力松弛曲线表现为典型的对数衰减曲线。该松弛过程可以分为应力快速下降,应力缓慢衰减和应力保持相对恒定3个阶段。随着温度的升高应力松弛极限逐渐降低。由于7050铝合金时效析出与应力松弛中位错蠕变的共同作用引起了松弛过程槛应力现象。通过解析7050铝合金应力松弛行为的特征和松弛曲线的泰勒方程得到该合金在时效温度范围内的应力松弛经验公式,以此获得该合金时效成形过程中的应力松弛方程,并利用该经验公式较好地预测时效成形后试样的回弹率。     

生物可降解材料PLGA的应力松弛性能

针对基于生物可降解材料聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)的热压成型工艺仿真研究中,粘弹性材料模型参数缺乏的问题,通过单轴拉伸应力松弛试验,研究了生物可降解材料PLGA在5种温度状态下的应力松弛性能。基于时间-温度等效原理,平移得到60℃的松弛模量主曲线,并采用广义Maxwell模型对此主曲线进行拟合。结果表明:随着温度的升高,PLGA材料的松弛时间明显缩短,且拟合曲线与原数据误差较小,说明广义Maxwell模型能较理想地模拟PLGA材料的应力松弛行为。这些数据的获得为后续仿真研究提供了参考。     

一种新的聚合物基复合材料应力松弛经验模型

视黏弹性元件弹簧和粘壶的特性参数为时间的函数,建立双变参Maxwell模型,求解其本构方程及松弛函数,探讨了其松弛函数与经验KWW函数的关系,提出了一种新的应力松弛经验模型。运用最小二乘原理,建立该模型参数的确定方法。开展了玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)复合材料的长期应力松弛实验,并通过实验数据的分析验证了该模型的正确性。研究表明,新应力松弛经验模型拟合曲线与实测曲线吻合较好,相关系数达到96%以上,说明了该模型适合描述GFRP复合材料的黏弹性松弛特性。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)蠕变松弛实验研究

室温下,对3种密度的聚苯乙烯泡沫(Expanded polystyrene,简称EPS)进行了一系列单轴拉伸蠕变实验和单轴压缩松弛实验.实验表明:在本实验范围内,任何一条蠕变曲线都可分为3个阶段,即瞬时弹性段、过渡蠕变段和稳态蠕变段;同时表明同密度的EPS其蠕变量值随着应力水平的增大而增大,同应力水平下的EPS其蠕变量值随着密度的增大而减小.并认真分析了一系列松弛实验曲线,建立了包含密度影响的EPS松弛模型并对该模型进行了验证.     

聚丙烯/尼龙6共混物熔体的松弛时间

用扫描电镜对聚丙烯(PP)/尼龙6(PA6)共混物断面形貌进行了表征,用旋转流变仪小振幅剪切模式测试了PP/PA6共混物的动态模量,并采用广义Maxwell模型对于损耗模量-角频率曲线进行了拟合。扫描电镜结果表明,聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)有效提高了PP和PA6之间的相容性,使得分散相PA6粒径尺寸减小。广义Maxwell模型中,当松弛模数为N=5和6时,拟合曲线与实验数据在低频下存在明显的偏差,而松弛模数为N=7时,广义Maxwell模型能够较好地拟合实验曲线。固定PP/PP-g-MAH质量比为90/6时,随着PA6含量的增加,共混物PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6的松弛时间延长,松弛时间谱曲线以短时区为轴心逆时针旋转,向长时区偏移。     

基于LM算法的粘弹性材料剪切松弛模量的拟合

在对粘弹性材料进行有限元计算时,需要材料的剪切松弛模量,必须对经验公式或实验数据进行转换。根据KWW经验公式与广义Maxwell剪切松弛函数的对应关系,列出了求解松弛时间与剪切松弛模量的超定非线性方程组,用LM优化算法得到了方程组的最优解。初步讨论了初值的选取方法。根据此方法得到的松弛时间与剪切松弛模量的拟合曲线的拟合度达到了0.99以上。所提出的方法也适用于用实验数据(随时间变化的应力应变)求解材料的剪切松弛模量。     

尼龙11的力学松弛与结构变化

在 - 18 0℃～ + 180℃的范围内测试了尼龙 11的动态力学性能 ,讨论了拉伸和退火处理对尼龙11力学松弛过程的影响。α松弛峰表征尼龙 11非晶区中链段的松弛运动 ,样品结晶度的增加使模量 E′降低 ;β松弛峰与羰基的运动有关 ,经过干燥的样品 ,β峰几乎消失 ;γ松弛峰是分子链中亚甲基协同运动引起的。尼龙 11的弹性模量随温度升高而下降 ,但由于氢键的作用 ,尼龙 11在低于 180℃时仍具有较好的热态力学性能。     

尼龙11的力学松弛与结构变化EI

在 - 18 0℃～ + 180℃的范围内测试了尼龙 11的动态力学性能 ,讨论了拉伸和退火处理对尼龙11力学松弛过程的影响。α松弛峰表征尼龙 11非晶区中链段的松弛运动 ,样品结晶度的增加使模量 E′降低 ;β松弛峰与羰基的运动有关 ,经过干燥的样品 ,β峰几乎消失 ;γ松弛峰是分子链中亚甲基协同运动引起的。尼龙 11的弹性模量随温度升高而下降 ,但由于氢键的作用 ,尼龙 11在低于 180℃时仍具有较好的热态力学性能。     

温度对硅泡沫材料短时应力松弛性能的影响

使用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)对硅泡沫材料在高温下的短时压缩应力松弛性能进行了研究.使用扫描电镜对硅泡沫样品高温压缩试验后的微观形貌进行了观察.结果表明,温度升高到100℃以后,在一定的初始压缩率下,硅泡沫样品的短时压缩应力松弛曲线均出现了不同程度的下降.分析可能是由于高温下硅泡沫材料发生化学松弛,骨架的基体材料发生了部分分解断链.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.