PdCu合金复合膜的制备与评测

采用化学镀方法在非对称氧化铝管状载体上制备出3μm厚的Pd59Cu41(质量分数,%)合金复合膜.考察了合金膜在473～953 K间的氢气渗透性能.在高于873 K和低于723 K温度区间内,氢气渗透都遵循单一的Arrhenius方程,活化能分别为30.0和9.8 kJ/mol.在723～873 K温度区间内,氢气渗透量随温度降低而增加的现象说明此时晶体结构为fcc和bcc的混合相,并且晶体结构正逐渐从fcc相向bcc相转变.0.5的压力指数说明在473～873 K温度区间内氢气扩散都遵循Sievert's方程.合金膜的厚度,组成和晶体结构分别用SEM,EDS和XRD进行表征.     

纳米TiO2薄膜厚度与不锈钢基体对染料敏化太阳能电池的影响

由于用金属做光阳极基体的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)可以制作成柔性电池,成本低并且有广泛的用途,受到越来越多的关注.用导电玻璃和304不锈钢作为基体制作了DSCs,研究了纳米TiO2薄膜厚度和不锈钢基体对DSCs光电转换性能以及稳定性的影响.结果表明,TiO2薄膜厚度在20μm左右,玻璃DSCs具有较高的光电转化效率和稳定性.而不锈钢DSCs的稳定性较差,特别是不锈钢做光阳极基体的DSCs.     

Pd/多孔TiAl合金基复合透氢膜的制备与性能

用反应合成法制备了Al质量分数为35%的多孔TiAl合金,用约束烧结优化孔结构后多孔体的最大孔径约2-3μm,用化学镀方法制备了Pd/多孔TiAl合金基复合透氢膜,研究了复合透氢膜的性能.结果表明,制备出的复合透氢膜为纯净钯膜,表面膜层致密,厚度约为7 μm.在600℃以下,Pd/多孔TiAl合金复合膜具有良好的界面热稳定性.在500℃退火后复合膜具有优异的抗热震性能.退火后复合膜的氢分离性能为:在温度为500℃、压差为0.02-0.18 Mpa条件下,复合膜的氢气平均渗透系数F为5.1×10-6mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1,H2/N2选择性为323-400.     

Cu/Co双层膜微观结构和磁学性能

用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了不同厚度Cu/Co双层膜的表面形貌和微观结构,并用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了磁滞回线。实验结果表明,薄膜表面由均匀岛状结构组成,随着Co薄膜厚度增加,"小岛"高度升高,之后部分"小岛"发生合并长大。当Co薄膜厚度为5和15nm时,Co为fcc结构;当Co薄膜厚度为30nm时,fcc结构和hcp结构同时存在。此外,随着Co薄膜厚度增加,对应磁滞回线矩形度逐渐变大,并且矫顽力和饱和磁化强度逐渐增大。     

薄膜热电偶瞬态温度传感器Al_2O_3绝缘膜制备工艺及性能表征

制备绝缘性能良好的Al2O3薄膜是研制薄膜热电偶瞬态温度传感器的关键技术之一。针对直流脉冲磁控溅射制备的Al2O3绝缘薄膜总是存在针孔等缺陷,提出了利用直流脉冲磁控溅射加射频偏压技术成功制备了薄膜热电偶瞬态温度测试传感器的Al2O3绝缘薄膜。通过台阶仪、高阻计、扫描电子显微镜和划痕试验仪对Al2O3绝缘膜的成膜厚度、绝缘性、表面形貌及膜基结合力进行了观测,结果表明,制备的Al2O3绝缘膜厚度可达2.4μm;其绝缘性可达2.6×109Ω;薄膜表面光滑,成膜均匀;Al∶O原子比近似为2∶3;与金属基体的结合力可达12N。提供了一种制备高致密、高绝缘性能Al2O3薄膜的简单有效的方法,为制备瞬态温度传感器提供了技术保障。     

Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14大块金属玻璃表面HA/TiO2涂层的制备

Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14金属玻璃具有较好的玻璃化形成能力和可靠的生物力学性能,但生物活性较差。采用溶胶凝胶法在Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14金属玻璃表面构建TiO2涂层,并进行水热处理使其具有锐钛矿结构;随后又在模拟体液(SBF)中进行仿生生长实验。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和激光显微拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等观察和分析涂层表面形貌及物相组成。结果表明,TiO2涂层可改善Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14金属玻璃试样表面生物活性;在模拟体液中浸泡7天后,覆盖TiO2涂层的金属玻璃可快速诱导磷灰石沉积,在金属玻璃基体表面形成HA/TiO2复合涂层。     

原位聚合 ( PSS/ PANI) n复合膜的静电层2层自组装

基于静电相互作用 , 从苯胺单体出发原位聚合、现场掺杂、层2层自组装制备多层聚苯乙烯磺酸钠( PSS) /聚苯胺 ( PANI) 复合膜。为了明确控制 PSS/ PANI复合膜纳米结构的因素 , 以紫外2可见 (UV2Vis) 光谱跟踪 PSS/ PANI复合膜的成膜过程 , 系统地研究了基片性质、 氧化剂用量及沉积时间等溶液因素对单个双层复合膜纳米结构的影响 , 得到了制备单个双层复合膜的较优条件。在此基础上变换苯胺单体浓度 , 制备了不同纳米结构的多层复合膜 ( PSS/ PANI) n, 并用原子力显微镜 (AFM) 、 扫描电镜 (SEM) 及椭偏仪等对该多层复合薄膜的形貌结构进行了表征。结果表明 , 通过控制沉积条件 , 每双层复合膜的厚度可控制在 40～100 nm , 电导率可达- 12. 675 mS·cm , 并且可制备增长均匀的 8 个双层的 ( PSS/ PANI) 8复合膜。热失重分析 ( TGA) 表明 , ( PSS/ PANI) n多层复合膜的热稳定性优于普通 PSS/ PANI复合膜。     

不锈钢表面沉积DLC膜的结构和性能

应用线性离子束复合磁控溅射技术在不锈钢和硅片基体上制备DLC膜,研究了基体偏压和过渡层的厚度和结构对DLC薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在过渡层相同偏压为-200 V的条件下,薄膜中的sp3键含量更低,但是薄膜结构致密性的提高使其硬度和膜基结合力反而提高;在偏压为-200V的条件下,随着过渡层厚度及层数的增加DLC薄膜中sp3含量均降低,同时过渡层和多层薄膜的硬度减小;在偏压为-100V条件下,过渡层厚度和层数对DLC薄膜sp3的含量没有明显的影响。当过渡层厚度为1.7μm、结构为Cr/CrC时,在11Cr17不锈钢基体上可制备出厚度为4.92μm、硬度为29.4 GPa、摩擦系数小于0.1、结合力高于70 N综合性能最佳的DLC薄膜。     

纳米多孔Pd-Cu/Pd-Ag催化剂的制备及其电催化性能EI北大核心CSCD

针对直接甲醇燃料电池(direct methanol fuel cell,DMFE)对高效阳极催化剂的需求,设计研发Ca-Mg-Pd-M(M=Cu,Ag)非晶合金前躯体体系,并采用去合金化制备系带-孔道双连续结构的纳米多孔Pd-Cu/Pd-Ag合金。通过设计前驱体合金比例可调节多孔结构的元素比例和尺寸,Pd元素可与Cu,Ag元素形成连续固溶体,在去合金化过程中可以降低Cu,Ag元素的扩散,进而细化纳米多孔的系带尺寸(由100 nm减小到10 nm)。相较于纳米多孔Pd,纳米多孔Pd-Cu/Pd-Ag合金表现出更优异的甲醇催化活性(催化电流强度:45 mA/mg)和抗毒化能力(J f/J b值为1.56),还具有低成本的优点,在直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂方面有着良好的应用前景。     

Ti表面磁控溅射Nb膜的研究

Ti表面磁控溅射Nb膜作为Ti与其他金属连接的合金层或过渡层有着重要的研究意义和实用价值.本文研究了基体温度、薄膜厚度、真空退火对Nb膜附着性和组织结构的影响,应用扫描电镜观察了膜层表面和界面,用X射线衍射分析研究了膜层物相组成,用划痕法测试了薄膜的附着性.结果表明薄膜组织为纤维状晶粒;溅射时对基体适当加热有利于成膜的致密性;一定温度范围内的真空退火可以提高附着性,但不显著,温度达到500 ℃后,薄膜发生剥落;Nb膜厚度从500 nm增加到2000 nm,晶粒变大,附着性变差;溅射及退火过程中均无新相生成.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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