电气石/壳聚糖复合纤维制备与表征

以壳聚糖为基体,电气石为分散相,采用溶液纺丝法制备电气石/壳聚糖复合纤维。通过光学显微镜、SEM、XRD、IR、远红外发射率、接触角和吸液保液性等测试方法对复合纤维进行了分析和表征。结果显示,电气石颗粒在复合纤维中分散均匀且被壳聚糖包裹,纤维表面无裸露电气石;电气石降低了壳聚糖分子链排列的有序性和复合纤维中壳聚糖的结晶度;复合纤维中1552cm-1处红外峰增强;电气石和壳聚糖质量比为0.1、0.2和0.5的复合纤维远红外发射率分别达到0.919、0.900和0.921。     

纳米氯化银/壳聚糖抗菌敷料的制备及功能评价

以壳聚糖纤维为基底材料,经表面处理,采用硝酸银多步浸渍和快速氯化反应的方法,制备均匀嵌合纳米氯化银颗粒的壳聚糖纤维复合抗菌敷料。银负载量小于60mg/10*10cm2时,壳聚糖纤维表面可观察到均匀的氯化银纳米粒子,粒径分布20~80nm。氯化银纳米粒子结构和抑菌性具良好的稳定性,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌的抑菌率均可达到99.99%。氯化银纳米粒子在经预处理的壳聚糖纤维表面具有良好的固着性。纳米氯化银/壳聚糖纤维供试样品对深二度烧伤伤口愈合没有不良作用,相对于生理盐水/纱布和磺胺吡啶银/纱布对照组,供试样品组的愈合率更高。本研究成果为新型氯化银抗菌敷料研发提供了重要依据。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米导电纤维的制备及性能表征

以壳聚糖(CS)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和纳米石墨粉(G)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术分别制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混纳米纤维及壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/纳米石墨粉复合纳米纤维,采用原位聚合法在纤维表面聚合导电聚合物聚苯胺,得到具有优良导电性能的聚合CS/PVA和聚合CS/PVA/G复合纳米纤维。通过扫描镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等测试手段对纤维的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,聚苯胺均匀包覆在经原位聚合的复合纳米纤维表面,提高了纤维的导电性能,纳米石墨粉与聚苯胺形成插入化合物进一步提高了纤维的导电性能。     

电纺制备明胶/壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯抗菌复合纳米纤维的研究

本研究模拟细胞外基质成分与结构, 采用静电纺丝法成功制备出明胶/壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯四元复合纤维。重点考察该体系中物质浓度对复合纤维形貌及抗菌性能的影响。结果表明: 明胶浓度增大会增大纤维的直径, 但浓度过大会出现粘连现象, 其最佳浓度为15~20%; 加入壳聚糖(CS)会出现细纤维分支, 其浓度为1%左右较佳; 增加羟基磷灰石(HA)浓度, 可提高电纺液的导电性, 降低纤维中的珠状物和粘联现象发生, 粒径为12 μm的HA浓度为5%时纤维形态较好; 加入氧化石墨烯后可使纤维形态均匀、光滑。最后对四元复合纤维进行了抗菌性能考察, 发现氧化石墨烯的加入增强了复合纤维的抗菌性。明胶/壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石/氧化石墨烯四元复合纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有较好的抗菌效果。     

纳米ZnO/电气石复合粉体的制备及其对亚甲基蓝光催化性能的研究

以NaOH、ZnSO4·7H2O和电气石为原料,采用室温固相法制备纳米ZnO/电气石复合粉体。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体的物相及形貌进行了表征,并考察了复合粉体对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明,纳米ZnO可紧密地包覆在电气石表面形成ZnO/电气石复合粉体。光催化降解实验、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱分析等测试表明,添加电气石粉体可有效地提高ZnO/电气石复合粉体的光吸收能力、荧光发射能力以及对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能。     

壳聚糖/单宁酸复合胶体粒子的制备及功能涂层研究

以壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)和单宁酸(Tannic acid,TA)为组装基元,在水溶液中通过pH诱导组装制备壳聚糖/单宁酸(CS/TA)复合胶体粒子,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合胶体粒子的尺寸及形貌进行了表征。再将复合胶体粒子水分散液为电泳沉积液,通过电泳沉积技术诱导复合胶体粒子在316L不锈钢表面二次组装制备纳米功能涂层;利用接触角测试对涂层表面的亲疏水性进行了研究;并通过体外细胞实验探究了涂层的细胞相容性,抗菌实验测试了涂层对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。研究结果表明,通过电诱导胶体粒子可以在316L不锈钢表面形成了致密的纳米涂层材料,涂层具有良好的细胞相容性和抗菌作用,在生物涂层领域有着潜在应用前景。     

壳聚糖/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯电纺复合纤维膜的制备及吸附性能

运用静电纺丝技术制备了壳聚糖/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合纤维膜,红外测试表明,壳聚糖与PMMA之间存在氢键等弱相互作用;扫描电镜照片显示,随着壳聚糖含量的增加,复合纤维的直径减小,但串珠结构增多。复合纤维膜在pH值为2~6的水溶液中均具有较高的稳定性,浸泡240h后质量损失率均低于5%。研究了复合纤维膜对水溶液中Cr(VI)的静态吸附,紫外测试显示,复合纤维膜对Cr(VI)的去除率比同条件下的壳聚糖粉末高出近3倍。复合纤维膜易于回收再生,循环使用5次对Cr(VI)的去除率并无明显下降,有望作为吸附滤膜去除水溶液中的重金属离子。     

明胶固定化壳聚糖膜的细胞相容性评价

用碳二亚胺将明胶固定于壳聚糖膜表面,以改善壳聚糖的细胞相容性.采用MTT法评价膜材料对L929细胞的毒性.将壳聚糖膜(CS)、明胶固定化壳聚糖膜(CS-GEL)与人角膜上皮细胞(HCEC)体外复合培养,观察细胞的形态及生长情况,考察材料的细胞粘附率、材料对细胞活性与增殖的影响,并通过流式细胞术对细胞周期和凋亡进行分析.结果表明,CS-GEL具有良好的细胞粘附性,HCEC在CS-GEL上的生长和增殖情况优于CS,与CS相比,CS-GEL上HCEC的G1期比例下降,S期和G2期增加.明胶的引入缩短了细胞在膜表面的适应时间,使其尽快进入正常的细胞周期;同时表面固定的明胶可抑制细胞凋亡.因此,明胶固定化壳聚糖膜具有良好的体外细胞相容性,有望成为一种较好的角膜修复材料.     

微球状骨修复材料研究

结合自体碎骨修复和组织工程的原理，在微球材料表面黏附足够的成骨细胞后，植入体内进行骨修复，是骨修复方法中的新思路。选择壳聚糖/β-TCP复合微球以及β-TCP微球作为材料体系。首先采用反相乳液悬浮法制备壳聚糖/β-TCP复合微球，再经过脱脂-烧结工艺获得仅含有B-TCP的无机微球。粒度分析发现，获得的微球球径主要分布在150-450μm范围内，平均球径约300μm。XRD结果显示烧结后的微球中仅有β-TCP相.SEM观察和压汞法测量发现，经烧结后微球表面无尖锐的棱角存在，表面与内部存在大量1．5～5μm的孔隙，孔隙率达到48％以上。复合微球中孔隙较少，其表面较粗糙。细胞培养实验发现细胞在两种微球表面均生长良好，表明它们均具有良好的生物活性和细胞相容性。     

静电纺制备的PLLA/PCL复合支架性能及细胞相容性

利用静电纺丝技术制备了一系列不同比例的左旋聚乳酸/聚己内酯(PLLA/PCL)复合纳米纤维支架。通过扫描电镜、差热分析、宽角X射线衍射和接触角测试手段对支架结构与形态、结晶性能及亲水性进行了表征;采用在缓冲溶液中加酶的方式,研究了复合材料的降解性能;将体外培养的真皮成纤细胞接种至材料表面,用扫描电镜观察了成纤细胞在材料表面的生长情况。研究结果表明,电纺丝得到的复合支架纤维直径均一,且呈相互连通的多孔网状结构;脂肪酶的存在加速了支架材料的降解速度;成纤细胞在复合支架上具有良好的生长状态。     

Cell growth and function on calcium phosphate reinforced chitosan scaffolds

Macroporous chitosan scaffolds reinforced by calcium phosphate powders such as hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium phosphate invert glass were fabricated using a thermally induced phase separation technique. Human osteoblast-like MG63 cells were cultured on the composite scaffolds for up to 11 days, and the cell growth and function were analyzed. The cell growth is much faster on the chitosan/HA scaffolds incorporated with the glass (CHG) than on the chitosan/HA scaffold without the glass (CH). The total protein content of cells were quantified and increased over time on both composites (CH, CHG) but was significantly higher on CHG after 7 days of culture. The cells on CHG also expressed significantly higher amount of alkaline phosphatase at days 7 and 11 and osteocalcin at day 7 than those on CH. The results suggested that the addition of glass in chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds might enhance the proliferation and osteoblastic phenotype expression of MG63 cells. However, the chitosan-matrix scaffolds did not show higher phenotype expression of MG63 cells, in comparison with the TCPS plate, probably due to the degradation of chitosan and release of acidic byproducts. Larger amount of soluble calcium phosphate invert glasses should be added into the scaffolds to prevent chitosan from fast degradation that may affect the differentiation of osteoblast cells.     

Preparation and properties of a novel bone repair composite: nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose

Nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (n-HA/CS/CMC) composites with weight ratios of 70/10/20, 70/15/15 and 70/20/10 were prepared through a co-solution method. The properties of the composites were characterized by means of burn-out test, IR, XRD, TEM and universal material testing machine. The degradation and bioactivity were also investigated by in vitro test in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 8 weeks. The results showed that n-HA particles were dispersed uniformly in organic phase, and strong chemical interactions formed among the three phases. Moreover, the composites were similar to natural bone in morphology and size. In addition, the compressive strength was improved compared with n-HA/CS composite. The biodegradation rate was controllable by altering weight ratio of the CS/CMC. Meanwhile, the composites could induce apatite particles to deposit in SBF. All the above results indicate that the novel composites of n-HA/CS/CMC have a promising prospect used for bone repair materials in view of the good mechanical property, adjustable biodegradation rate and bioactivity in SBF. Additionally, the study would provide a good guide to exploit clinical application of natural cellulose.     

In vitro and in vivo biological characterizations of a new poly(amino acids)/calcium sulfate composite material for bone regeneration

A new poly(amino acids)/calcium sulfate (PAA/CS) composite was synthesized by melt polycondensation from a biodegradable PAA copolymer based on 6-aminocaproic acid and the bioactive CS. Its degradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, using phosphate buffer solution soaking test, MG63 adhesion test, and bone defect model repair test, respectively. The PAA/CS composite exhibited a much lower degradation rate than the CS, as 21.6 % of weight loss after immersing in phosphate buffer solution for 5 weeks. Moreover, the pH value of local environment restored to neutrality condition after a sharp drop in the first week. The MG63 cells adhered well on the surfaces of PAA and PAA/CS plates with their filopodium and lamellipodium, and displayed great osteogenic differentiation competence. The bone defect model repair test revealed that the composite could be intimately incorporated with the surrounding bone without causing any deleterious reaction. Radiological and histological evaluation indicated the PAA/CS granules were capable of guiding new bone formation and had a much slower degradation rate than the CS. In conclusion, the PAA/CS composite is expected to be a new bone graft material for its favorable bioactivity and biocompatibility and reasonable degradability.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合微球的原位仿生制备及表征

为解决纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖(nHA/CS)复合微球中nHA团聚及分散不均的问题, 本研究在油包水的乳液体系中, 原位仿生制备了nHA/CS复合微球, 并与共混法制备的nHA/CS复合微球进行了对比研究。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FTIR)和激光粒度仪等手段对不同微球的理化性能进行表征。结果表明: 相比共混法, 原位仿生制备的nHA/CS复合微球形态圆整均匀, 分散性好, 粒径分布较窄, 平均粒径为8.62 μm, nHA晶体均匀分布在微球内部及表面, 并与CS基质以化学键结合。该复合微球有望用于骨组织工程及药物控制释放。     

Wet chemical process to enhance osteoconductivity of electrospun chitosan nanofibers

In this study, chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) nanofibers were prepared using a wet chemical method. First, CS nanofibers with uniform diameters were fabricated using electrospinning. Then, a wet chemical process was used to mineralize nanofiber surfaces to form a homogeneous HA deposit. Reactions with three cycles were found to optimize biomimetic properties of the HA. The mineralization process required only approximately 3 h, which corresponded to a saving of 98 % in preparation time compared with that needed by the process using a simulated body fluid (SBF). According to the attachment and spreading of UMR (rat osteosarcoma) cells on the CS/HA composite fibers, the deposited mineralization layer significantly enhanced cell affinity of the CS nanofibers and the HA created by the wet chemical method was as effective as that created by the SBF. The composite nanofibrous scaffolds produced by the wet chemical process also promoted osteogenic differentiation by inducing ossification. Thus, expressions of collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, and osterix were all enhanced. These results demonstrated that composite electrospun fibers can be efficiently prepared using wet chemical method and the resulting nanofibrous scaffolds have considerable potential in future bone tissue engineering applications.     

Multichannel mould processing of 3D structures from microporous coralline hydroxyapatite granules and chitosan support materials for guided tissue regeneration/engineering

A three-dimensional composite material was produced from microporous coralline origin hydroxyapatite (HA) microgranules, chitosan fibers and chitosan membrane. Cylindrical HA microgranules were oriented along channel direction within multichannel mould space and aligned particles were supported with fibers and a chitosan membrane. The positive replica of mould channels was clasp fixed to produce thicker scaffolds. Light microphotographs of the developed complex structure showed good adhesion between the HA particles, the fibers and the supporting membrane. The composite material showed 88% (w/w) swelling in one hour and preserved the complex structure of the original material upon long-term incubation in physiological medium. MEM extract test of HA chitosan complex showed no cell growth inhibition and cell viability assay (MTS) indicated over 90% cell viability.     

Effects of mineral tourmaline particles on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films

Titania composite thin films (T/TiO2) containing tourmaline particles were prepared by a sol-gel method, using alkoxide solutions as precursor. The tourmaline particles and thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and so on. The effects of tourmaline on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were measured with methyl orange as an objective photodegradation substance. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange conformed to the first-order kinetic equation and the composite thin films had better photocatalytic activity due to the cooperation of polarity and the far infrared emission of tourmaline. The T/TiO2 thin films including 0.5 wt% tourmaline exhibited better photocatalytic activity when heat-treated at 250 degrees C for 3 h, than pure TiO2 thin films under the ultraviolet irradiation.     

Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite nanofibers involving Au nanoparticles and their in vitro release properties

Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) composite nanofibers were successfully prepared by a simple and effective method called electrospinning. Au NPs were firstly synthesized under a mild condition with CS as the reducing agent and stabilizer, followed by being mixed with PVA solution and then the resulting fibers were fabricated. The research indicated that Au NPs were indeed doped into the as-prepared fibers and the composite fibers well preserved Au NPs' unique optical characteristics. Additionally, with the adjustment of the weight ratios between PVA and CS, the diameter distribution and the morphology of the nanofibers were largely changed. In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated that the drug release rate can be conveniently controlled by changing the crosslink time.     

氧化海藻酸钠交联壳聚糖载药复合体系的制备及其药物缓释初步研究

为获得一种新型的药物释放复合体系,本实验首先通过乳化交联法制备壳聚糖(CS)包载四环素(TC)微球,然后利用氧化海藻酸钠交联聚磷酸钙/壳聚糖(CPP/CS)复合材料,用冷冻干燥法制备了载药微球复合体系.并用傅立叶红外光谱仪(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及药物的体外释放等方法对该载药微球复合体系进行分析和表征.结果显示,经...     

壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石复合骨折内固定棒材的制备与性能研究

采用原位沉析法制备了壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石(CS/HA)复合棒材.用预先沉积的壳聚糖膜将含有Ca、P源的壳聚糖溶液与凝固液隔离,同时控制壳聚糖沉积与羟基磷灰石前驱体转化为羟基磷灰石的过程,使二者得以均匀复合.燃烧试验结果表明无机成分均匀分散于壳聚糖中,FT-IR、XRD和TEM测试证实原位生成羟基磷灰石,弯曲强度测试结果表...