双线隧道中单侧隧道内爆炸引起地面建筑的动力响应及滑移隔震研究

该文针对双线地铁隧道中单侧隧道内爆炸引起的附近地面建筑物的动力响应及滑移隔震效应进行了数值模拟研究。采用八结点等参元和集中质量体系来分别模拟包含隧道的有限土区和地面多层建筑,并将其耦合形成整个相互作用体系模型。在基底摩擦力计算中提出修正连续摩擦力模型,以克服传统Coulomb摩擦力模型的内在缺陷。通过与单线隧道内爆炸引起建筑物响应及滑移隔震效应的算例对比分析,揭示出地表建筑物在遭受地下单侧隧道内爆炸产生的经相邻隧道反射及衍射后的冲击波作用所引起的动力响应特征及其基底滑移隔震效果,从而为相关的理论研究和工程实践提供重要的数据参考。     

爆炸荷载下六层框架结构建筑爆破拆除数值模拟

为了进一步提高数值模拟技术在建筑物爆破拆除应用上的准确性,采用分离式共节点钢筋混凝土模型,在切口部位保留混凝土单元改为施加爆炸荷载,对六层框架结构建筑在爆炸荷载下的爆破拆除过程进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:对混凝土和钢筋单元的受力过程进行分析,分离式共节点模型可以体现混凝土和钢筋材料的力学性能差异;切口部位保留混凝土单元改为施加爆炸荷载,结构在起爆瞬间会有一个向上的冲击力,同时结构触地振动更接近于工程实际,因此对切口部位爆炸荷载的施加在结构爆破拆除数值模拟中的影响有必要进行研究。研究表明在结构爆破拆除数值模拟中施加爆炸荷载,能更真实的模拟建筑物爆破拆除倒塌过程,更好的辅助指导框架结构爆破拆除设计。     

爆炸载荷下建筑物动态响应的数值分析

为了研究建筑物在爆炸载荷下的动态响应,采用有限元的方法对近距离爆炸对建筑物的破坏效应进行了数值模拟研究。建立了一个七层七跨的钢筋混凝土(带门窗)结构建筑模型,对800 kg TNT炸药在正面及侧面不同距离处爆炸时建筑物的响应特性进行研究,得出了每种工况下建筑物不同位置处压力、速度、加速度及位移随时间变化曲线。为建筑物在外爆炸作用下的破坏效应评估提供了重要的参考。     

挡波墙对空气冲击波的削波作用研究

分析了挡波墙对空气中爆炸冲击波的削波作用.结果表明,在爆源周围修一定高度和厚度的挡波墙可以把空气冲击波在挡波墙之后一定距离内的峰值压力削弱20%～30%,同时用数值模拟的方法计算了冲击波与挡波墙相互作用过程,得到了在爆源周围有障碍物的爆炸场初始发展及整个传播过程的模拟结果.数值模拟结果与实验测量和经验公式计算结果基本吻合,可用来减轻意外爆炸对建筑物和人体可能造成的伤害及对可能发生的爆炸事故做出风险评估.     

侵爆作用下混凝土靶破坏效应试验与数值模拟

基于混凝土靶体的中低速侵彻后浅埋爆炸试验,开展装药长径比为5的混凝土预留孔爆炸、侵彻后裸装药爆炸及侵彻后带壳装药爆炸数值模拟研究.对比数值模拟与试验结果,验证了数值模拟模型及参数设置的合理性.结合数值模拟结果及量纲分析方法,确定了影响侵彻后带壳装药爆炸毁伤效果的主要影响因素.对比预留孔爆炸及侵彻后爆炸毁伤效果,分析了侵...     

自然通风隧道内爆炸冲击波传播特性研究

自然通风隧道节能环保,是当前城市地下交通建设积极采用的一种隧道形式。针对自然通风隧道的特点,采用数值模拟方法计算了自然通风隧道内爆炸流场,分析了通风口面积大小和炸药离通风口距离对隧道内爆炸流场的影响。研究表明在隧道内发生爆炸时通风口有泄压效应,通风口面积和离炸药距离增大均会引成隧道内爆炸冲击波到达时间延长和超压峰值减小。采用量纲分析方法得到了自然通风隧道内超压峰值衰减的计算模型,并利用计算数据拟合得出了超压峰值衰减经验公式。     

汽车炸弹爆炸冲击波作用下建筑物的动力响应分析

利用动力分析有限元程序LS-DYNA3D,对三层框架结构建筑物在汽车炸弹爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应进行数值模拟.将建筑物在空气冲击波作用下和空气冲击波与地震波共同作用的动力响应作了比较,得出不同位置处质点压力和等效应力等参数,分析了爆炸冲击作用下建筑物的破坏效应,为建筑结构的防护设计提供依据.     

地下隧道内爆炸冲击下地表多层建筑的动力响应研究

该文对带有筏板基础和地下室的多层框架及框剪建筑物在遭受邻近地下隧道内爆炸冲击作用下的动力响应进行了分析研究。采用ABAQUS软件建立了考虑地基土和混凝土等材料非线性的隧道-土体-多层建筑耦合体系的三维数值模型,经与LS-DYNA模型结果的比较分析验证了该文所建体系模型的正确性和有效性。通过大量的算例分析,对隧道内爆炸冲...     

坑道内爆炸冲击波传播规律的研究

摘 要：炸药在坑道内爆炸将产生沿坑道传播的空气冲击波,冲击波与坑道壁相互作用,使得坑道内冲击波的传播规律明显不同于自由大气中冲击波的传播规律。使用有限元计算软件LS-DYNA对已有的坑道试验进行了数值模拟,通过数值模拟结果与试验结果数据比较,验证了有限元计算中所使用的计算模型和参数取值的合理性。利用数值模拟的计算结果,使用量纲分析理论,拟合了距离爆炸中心点一定距离处爆炸冲击波超压峰值的计算公式,并与试验结果进行对比,分析了该公式的适用性,为坑道中爆炸冲击波的传播规律研究提供了参考。
     

爆炸冲击波在坑道内传播规律研究

为了给坑道防护工程防爆炸空气冲击波的设计与研究提供一定的参考依据,收集整理了国内外常用的计算坑道口外爆炸产生的坑道内爆炸空气冲击波传播参数的计算方法,对其进行了比较和分析后给出了能够较好描述冲击波传播规律的计算方法。采用ANSYS AUTODYN有限元软件对某坑道比例模型试验进行了数值模拟,将模拟结果与坑道模型试验数据进行了比较,说明采用ANSYS AUTODYN有限元软件进行爆炸冲击波问题的数值模拟是可行的。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.