管状变截面汽车扭力梁内高压成形工艺

目的 研究管状变截面汽车扭力梁内高压成形过程及其成形质量的关键影响因素。方法 采用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法,重点研究了预成形件形状、内压力通入时机和初始压力值对扭力梁内高压成形的影响。结果 预成形件宽度过大或上模圆角处管坯壁厚过薄,将造成后续内高压合模过程中出现咬边或整形阶段发生破裂等缺陷;在内高压成形合模过程中通入适当内压,可有效避免扭力梁件出现圆弧过渡面塌陷、上下模圆角过度减薄等缺陷。结论 当预成形模具V面下模引导角а介于60°~70°之间、T面下模引导角β介于65°~75°之间时,可以取得较理想的预成形效果;合模过程中即通入32 MPa内压,此时所得扭力梁实体件外观无明显缺陷,成形精度较高。     

轴的选材与失效案例分析

从实例出发对轴类零件选材不当导致的失效进行了讨论和分析.着重从材料、金相组织,断口学等方面进行了比较详细的分析,重点阐述了选材与失效的关系.轴类选材错误常导致显微结构和力学性能不能满足使用要求,尤其是疲劳性能大大下降最终导致使用过程中轴的早期疲劳断裂.基于上述分析从失效分析的角度提出了避免轴类零件早期失效的一些措施.     

退火温度对LH800空冷强化钢组织与力学性能的影响

为获得具备良好冷成形性能的空冷强化钢，以冷轧LH800为研究对象，采用SEM、EBSD、TEM等技术手段，研究了该钢种在罩式退火过程中的组织演变和力学性能变化。研究结果表明：在600～700℃退火得到了铁素体+碳化物组织，拉伸曲线出现明显的屈服平台，并且屈服平台长度随退火温度的升高而减小。随着退火温度升高，铁素体晶内纳米级碳化物数量逐渐减少，晶界粗大碳化物数量逐渐增多，小角度晶界体积分数逐渐减小，且局部取向差(KAM)值逐渐减小。当退火温度超过700℃时，显微组织为铁素体+马氏体+碳化物，拉伸曲线无屈服平台出现。随着退火温度的进一步升高，马氏体体积分数逐渐增加，KAM值也逐渐增大。力学性能结果显示：在700℃退火保温4 h,空冷强化钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度最低，延伸率最高，具备最佳的冷成形性能。本工作基于冷轧LH800退火过程的显微组织和纳米级碳化物的演变，揭示了LH800出现屈服平台现象的本质，并获得了该钢种具备最佳冷成形性能的关键工艺参数。     

A356铝合金半固态流变挤压铸造工艺研究

本文介绍了一种新型的成形工艺-半固态流变挤压铸造,并对铝合金弹壳体（深筒薄壁件）进行了试验,研究了成形件不同部位的显微组织。结果表明：该成形工艺工艺流程简单,成形件表面品质优质。由于所受压力分布不均匀,成形件内部不同部位的显微组织存有差距。在零件的横断面,中部固相近球形颗粒数目增多,靠近零件内表面边缘的固相近球形颗粒数目减少,液相数量明显增多。而底部显微组织与半固态浆料成形前的显微组织基本一样。     

电机连接轴失效分析

采用扫描电镜、电子能谱仪、光学显微镜和显微硬度计等检测方法，对发电机上一键槽的失效进行了分析。结果表明，造成该零件失效的原因是由于轴、轴孔和键槽配合不当，以及因加工刀痕形成的应力集中而引起多源扭转疲劳损坏。提出了提高材料使用寿命的建议。     

前防撞梁零件的热成形试制研究

针对某车型前防撞梁零件开发热成形模具,并进行热冲压成形试验,对成形后的零件进行激光扫描以及金相组织、显微硬度和力学性能检测。结果表明:所试制的零件形状符合设计要求,热成形后零件为马氏体组织,显微硬度在HV400以上,样件屈服强度在1 000 MPa以上,抗拉强度在1 400 MPa以上,断后延伸率在10%以上。     

环形腹板零件成形工艺技术研究

内环腹板是薄板成形件,材料GH907,料厚1 mm,采用拉深成形和翻边等冲压工艺成形,材料抗拉强度高,屈强比大,延展率小,受材料性能影响,零件成形困难。该文通过对制件的材料和结构形式分析,总结了制件成形的主要影响因素,从而归纳出该材料和结构零件成形加工的主要工艺原则,为此类零件的加工提供了解决思路,其应用前景十分广阔。     

扭力梁式后悬架模态与疲劳实验研究

扭力梁式后悬架是汽车行驶系统中重要的承重构件,在不同的行驶工况下,会受到不同幅值和不同频率的激励。在激励频率和扭力梁式后悬架固有频率接近或相同时,会产生共振,进而发生疲劳断裂。通过对扭力梁式后悬架进行模态实验,获得该结构的固有频率和模态振型。对同一型号的扭力梁式后悬架进行弯曲、扭转疲劳实验,得到其疲劳破坏的具体形式。对产生破坏的扭力梁式后悬架进行模态实验,对未损坏和损坏的扭力梁式后悬架各自的固有频率和模态振型进行对比分析,发现产生疲劳破损的扭力梁式后悬架在某一阶频率下的模态振型有较大变化,结构的固有频率值和固有频率分布的变化并不很大。     

某车型后防撞梁热冲压工艺研究

目的研究复杂热成形零件——后防撞梁的热冲压成形工艺。方法通过计算机成形仿真分析防撞梁的成形性,并获得零件的减薄率分布;利用根据仿真过程设计的热成形模具进行防撞梁零件热冲压生产,对实际成形后的零件割样进行性能检测,包括拉伸性能测试、金相组织测试和硬度测试,验证零件的性能。结果利用该工艺生产的零件尺寸稳定且性能良好,最大减薄率为14.9%,最大增厚9.7%;断后伸长率≥5%,镀层厚度为30～50μm,芯部组织为完全马氏体,硬度大于HV400。结论仿真技术能够指导热冲压工艺设计和模具设计,为复杂零件的热冲压工艺及模具设计提供参考。     

780 MPa 超高强钢扭力梁内高压成形研究

目的为了适应载荷和安装空间及轻量化的要求,轿车扭力梁正趋于设计成空心封闭变截面高强钢结构,但高强钢成形存在着回弹大、成形精度低等缺点。方法针对这一问题,采用数值模拟和实验的方法,开展了780 MPa超高强钢扭力梁内高压成形研究,重点研究了预制坯形状对扭力梁内高压成形的影响,并采用响应面模型,优化了预制坯,获得了最优的预制坯形状。在此基础上,研究了加载路径对扭力梁内高压成形过程的影响。结果当扭力梁预成形压下量为62.2 mm,下模引导角为29.2°时,得到了最优的预制坯形状。后续内高压成形过程中,支撑压力过小或补料量过大,在试件端部引起起皱缺陷;支撑压力过大或者补料量过小,补料主要集中于端部,对大膨胀量区域影响较小;当采用补料量为8%的加载路径时,可以有效改善壁厚的分布,避免起皱缺陷。结论合理的预制坯形状能够有效避免超高强钢扭力梁内高压成形过程中的飞边缺陷,而加载路径控制是扭力梁内高压成形过程中避免起皱缺陷和过度减薄,提高成形极限和零件成形精度的重要途径。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.