微注塑拉伸试样设计及流动特性分析

微拉伸试样的设计,是成功测试微尺度下力学性能的关键。文中设计了不同厚度微拉伸试样及相应的微注塑模具,分析了模具设计及尺度效应对微拉伸试样充填行为的影响,并研究了工艺参数对不同厚度微试样(0.1mm、0.2mm、0.5mm、1mm)充填行为的影响。短射实验表明,随着微试样厚度减小,在微试样有效拉伸长度内,熔体流动前沿呈现为一维平板流动;4个厚度下,0.5mm厚的熔体流动性明显优于其它3个尺寸。工艺影响实验表明,随注射速度、模具温度、熔体温度工艺参数的增加,熔体流动性增强。     

短切碳纤维增强尼龙66复合材料注塑成型工艺模拟

采用毛细管流变仪和自制小型模具,对不同质量分数的短切碳纤维增强尼龙66(CF/PA66)复合材料颗粒进行了熔体流动性能分析和注塑成型工艺模拟,实现少量原料快速模拟CF/PA66的注塑成型工艺参数。研究表明:短切CF/PA66复合材料的熔体属于幂律流体,熔体黏度随温度、压力和CF质量分数变化显著,当温度和压力升高到临界值后熔体流变特性从假塑性区进入牛顿区;随着CF质量分数的增加,CF/PA66复合材料适宜成型温度提高。实验中PA66、CF质量分数为10wt%和20wt%的CF/PA66三种颗粒的适宜成型温度分别为278~285℃、280~287℃、290~298℃,通过对熔体进行Bagley压力校正,三种颗粒适宜成型的最小注塑压力分别为24.3MPa、29.4MPa、35.1MPa;将流变仪模拟所得参数应用于注塑成型工艺,所得样品的拉伸强度与流变仪制备的试样非常接近,进一步说明了毛细管流变仪模拟CF/PA66注塑成型过程的可行性和有效性,为其注塑成型工艺条件提供了理论依据。     

等规聚丙烯微注塑制品的形态结构和力学性能

选用等规聚丙烯材料,基于正交表L_(25)(5~6)进行微注塑成型实验,制备厚度为0.5 mm的微注塑拉伸试样。采用偏光显微镜和广角X射线衍射仪对其形态结构进行表征,并分析工艺参数对微制品形态结构的影响规律和影响度。对微制品试样进行拉伸实验,分析工艺参数对其屈服应力、弹性模量和断裂伸长率的影响规律和重要度。结果表明,注射速度对微试样的形态结构和力学性能的影响最大;皮层厚度和皮层取向度随着注射速度的增大而减小;屈服应力随注射速度、熔体温度的增大而减小;熔体温度对弹性模量和断裂伸长率的影响较大,且弹性模量随着熔体温度的升高而减小,断裂伸长率随着熔体温度的升高而增大。     

纵向超声波辅助微注塑方法

微注塑过程中,聚合物熔体在微小腔体中流动时充模阻力比常规注塑大,这影响了熔体填充效果,同时热量损失的不均衡性和不确定性容易导致注塑精度不高．提出了纵向超声波辅助微注塑方法,并对超声波振动对聚合物熔体的作用机理进行了探讨,分析了超声换能器结构对应力、振幅和响应频率的影响．基于对微注塑过程的模拟结果,开发了纵向超声波辅助微注塑装置．通过在微注塑过程中纵向超声波对熔体的能量作用降低熔体黏度,改善了熔体流动和充填性能．为了验证超声波辅助微注塑的效果,进行了菲涅尔透镜实际注塑实验．实验结果表明,相同的注塑工艺条件下,超声辅助微注塑过程中聚合物熔体的充填性能提高了6．91％．     

温度对熔体挤出自增强HDPE棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用自制模具,在不同的温度下成功的制备了直径为7.2mm的自增强高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)棒材.通过SEM观察、DSC分析、WAXD分析与力学性能测试,研究挤出温度对熔体挤出自增强HDPE棒材微观结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,挤出温度是影响熔体挤出自增强HDPE棒材结构和力学性能的重要参数.随着挤出温度的降低,自增强棒材的微晶尺寸和结晶度大幅提高,晶面间距几乎未变化,熔点向高温区发生漂移,试样内部有大量的微纤结构存在.在130℃下挤出棒材的拉伸强度和抗弯强度分别为220.6MPa和152.9MPa,都将近是未增强试样的10倍.     

HDPE熔体连续挤出自增强的研究(Ⅱ)自增强试样横截面上性能的不均匀性

DSC分析表明,熔体连续挤出自增强HDPE片材表层的自增强程度要比芯部的高.借助楔形收敛流道内熔体流场(延伸应变速率)与温度场的分布规律,可知,熔体温度是导致自增强试样横截面上自增强程度不均匀的主要原因.     

生物医用材料自增强工艺的研究现状及前景展望

介绍了生物医用材料自增强的概念,重点介绍了纺丝、熔体注塑和挤出、纤维集束模压成型、定向自由拉伸、固态挤出、成纤模压等自增强工艺,对这些自增强工艺的原理作了简要的介绍,并对生物医用材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

熔体包覆法长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能

采用自行设计的熔体包覆模头制得长纤维增强聚丙烯粒料(LFG),研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MPP)的含量、玻璃纤维的含量及长度等对长纤维增强聚丙烯(LGF/PP)力学性能的影响。通过注塑和压缩模塑两种成型工艺,比较纤维的损伤情况。结果表明,LGF/PP的力学性能随着MPP和GF含量的增加而增强;单螺杆挤出机挤出过程对纤维的损伤注塑过程更为严重。同时,由两者试样的断面扫描电镜图(SEM)可以得出,试样中纤维的浸渍和分散达到良好的效果。当MPP含量为8%左右,GF含量为30%~40%,LFG长度为12 mm,采用注塑成型可获得综合力学性能较好的LGF/PP制品。     

HDPE熔体连续挤出自增强的研究：（Ⅱ）自增强试样横截面？…

ＤＳＣ分析表明,熔体连续挤出自增强ＨＤＰＥ片材表层的自增强程度要比芯部的高。借助楔形收敛流道内熔体流场,与温度的分布规律,可知,熔体温是导致自增强试样横截面民自增强程度不均匀的主要原因。     

注射参数对注塑拉伸试样成型的影响

以共聚甲醛为例,采用Moldflow软件对塑料熔体在注塑机模具中的流动行为进行了模拟,研究了熔体温度、模具温度、注射压力、保压压力、注射时间和保压时间等六个注塑机注射参数对注塑拉伸试样成型的影响;并通过试验验证了注射压力的影响与模拟分析结果的一致性。结果表明:对于注塑机的任意一个注射参数,过高或过低都可能会影响注塑试样的质量和力学性能;要确定一个注塑机的注射参数,需从设备、原料的性能参数、生产效率和经济条件等各方面综合考虑,避免仅从单一角度考虑,从而影响成型试样的总体性能。     

注射压缩成型与常规注射成型的模腔压力对比分析

在自主开发的注射压缩模具上安装模腔压力传感器,从工艺角度出发,对常规注射成型和注射压缩成型的模腔压力进行了工艺相关性的对比与分析。结果表明,注射压缩可有效降低注射压力和模腔压力,使模腔压力场更加均匀。常规注射成型中模腔压力受模具温度的影响最大,其次为熔体温度、保压时间和保压压力,而注射压缩成型中压缩速率对模腔压力的影响最大,其次为熔体温度和模具温度,压缩行程最弱。低残余应力与低翘曲变形进一步验证了注射压缩的技术优势和压力场特征,表明了模腔压力具有重要的工艺性能指导作用。     

The effects of injection molding on the mechanical behavior of long-fiber reinforced PBT/PET blends

Long-fiber reinforced thermoplastics have received much attention because of their processability by conventional technologies for thermoplastics. However, fiber degradation represents a major problem. This work has been undertaken with the objective of investigating the effects of injection molding parameters on fiber degradation and fracture performance in PBT-PET blend/glass fiber composites. The influences of six parameters and their interactions are analyzed, i.e. peak cavity pressure, holding pressure, back pressure, screw speed, melt temperature and barrel profile. The results show that most of the molding variables, as well as their interactions, affect the properties of the composite. Fiber-length retention is not the sole parameter to be optimized; the matrix system is also affected by molding conditions and has significant effects on composite properties. The influence of the composite microstructure, which is controlled by the molding process, on the rigidity, strength and toughness of the composite is also discussed.     

FM全新卡车顶篷把手气辅成型技术

研究了气辅成型过程中气体穿透聚合物熔体的扩散特征和气.熔界面形态.以FM全新卡车顶篷把手为典型件进行气辅成型实验研究,研究了气体保压压力、熔体温度、气体保压时间、气体注射延迟时间四个重要工艺参数对气熔界面的影响规律.结果表明,在气体注射点近区,气体对聚合物熔体冲击程度较大.呈现出复杂流动形态及扩散特征;低的保压压力和熔体温度,较短的保压时间和较长的气体注射延迟时间可获得较好的气熔界面.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料在低频振动场的性能

以聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料为研究对象,利用自行研制的低频振动注射实验装置,实现振动注射成型和常规注射成型。研究了振动参数对注塑试样的拉伸强度,冲击强度的影响,并对试样进行SEM,W AXD测试。结果表明,在特定的振动工艺条件下,拉伸强度和冲击强度都得到了提高,拉伸强度的最大增幅为17%,冲击强度的最大增幅达到177%。     

Effects of Injection Molding Parameters on the Production of Microstructures by Micropowder Injection Molding

Micropowder injection molding (μPIM) is a potential low-cost process for the mass production of metal or ceramic microstructures. In order to obtain good molded microstructures and to avoid molding defects, it is important to select suitable injection molding parameters. In this paper, the selection of injection molding conditions for the production of 316L stainless steel microstructures by μPIM is presented. Silicon mold inserts with 24 × 24 microcavities were injection molded on a conventional injection molding machine. The dimensions of each microcavity were Φ 100 μ m × depth 200 μm, giving an aspect ratio of 2. The distance between each microcavity was 200 μm. Five sets of experiments were conducted by varying one injection molding parameter at a time. The parameters included injection pressure, holding pressure, holding time, mold temperature, and melt temperature. Higher injection pressure and holding pressure were required during the injection molding process due to the small dimensions of the microcavities and the large number of microcavities (576 microcavities). High mold temperature was required for complete filling of the microcavities. Molded microstructures without visual defects were obtained using appropriate injection molding parameters. Catalytic debinding and sintering of the 316L stainless steel microstructures were successfully conducted.     

粘胶纤维与Lyocell纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的性能比较

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,分别采用粘胶纤维与Lyocell纤维这2种典型的再生纤维素纤维为增强纤维,通过熔融共混和注塑成型制备了再生纤维素纤维/PLA复合材料,并对这2种复合材料的性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,采用粘胶纤维或Lyocell纤维增强均可有效提高PLA复合材料的结晶度、力学性能和维卡软化温度。粘胶纤维的锯齿形截面有利于其与PLA基体的结合,因此粘胶纤维/PLA复合材料具有略高的冲击强度及拉伸强度。Lyocell纤维增强更有利于复合材料结晶度的提高,使得Lyocell/PLA复合材料具有更高的弹性模量和维卡软化温度。     

Investigation of the effect of nanoclay and processing parameters on the tensile strength and hardness of injection molded Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene–organoclay nanocomposites

Polymer–clay nanocomposites have attracted considerable interest over recent years due to their dramatic improved mechanical properties. In the present study, compatibility of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) and composition capability of them are investigated. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in varying amount (0, 2, and 4 wt%) is used as the compatibilizer. In order to produce nanocomposite parts, the material is first compounded using a twin-screw extruder and then injected into a mold. The effect of the nanoclay percentage and processing parameters on the tensile strength and hardness of nanocomposite parts is also explored using Taguchi Design of Experiments method. Nanoclay content (in three levels: 0, 2 and 4 wt%), melt temperature (in three levels: 190, 200 and 210 °C), holding pressure (in three levels: 80, 105 and 130 MPa) and holding pressure time (in three levels: 1, 2.5 and 4 s) are considered as the variable parameters. Moreover, distribution of nanoclay layers is analyzed using Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (XRD) test. XRD results displayed that with the presence of PMMA, nanoclay in ABS matrix is compounded in more exfoliated and less intercalated dispersion mode. Adding PMMA also leads to a remarkable increase in the fluidity of the melt during injection molding process. Results also illustrated that nanocomposites with medium loading level (i.e. 2%) of nanoclay have the highest tensile strength, while the highest hardness number belongs to nanocomposites with 4 wt% nanoclay. Obtained results also indicated that injection temperature has the most important effect on tensile strength and hardness of ABS–clay nanocomposites.     

Optimization of injection molding process parameters using sequential simplex algorithm

In this study warpage and shrinkage as defects in injection molding of plastic parts have been undertaken. MoldFlow software package has been used to simulate the molding experiments numerically. Plastic part used is an automotive ventiduct grid. The process optimization to minimize the above defects is carried out by sequential simplex method. Process design parameters are mold temperature, melt temperature, pressure switch-over, pack/holding pressure, packing time, and coolant inlet temperature. The output parameters aside from warpage and shrinkage consist of part weight, residual stresses, cycle time, and maximum bulk temperature. Results are correlated and interpreted with recommendations to be considered in such processes.     

工艺参数对短玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料注射压力和翘曲变形的影响

采用Moldflow对聚丙烯及其短玻璃纤维增强复合材料的注塑成型过程进行3D模拟分析,基于Taguchi试验设计方法(DOE),采用L16(45)正交矩阵进行试验设计,研究工艺参数对注射压力和翘曲变形的影响。结果表明,纤维含量对注射压力和翘曲变形影响作用较为显著,且存在最佳值;模具温度、熔体温度、保压时间和保压压力对注射压力的影响为单调的线性关系,但其对翘曲变形的影响较复杂。