环氧沥青固化特征的研究进展

回顾了环氧沥青材料固化特征的研究进展,论述了基于非等温差式扫描量热法(DSC)的固化反应热分析动力学研究现状,讨论了环氧沥青固化特征研究中存在的问题并展望了其研究方向。研究表明,傅里叶红外变换吸收光谱法(FT-IR)和非等温DSC法可以有效地研究环氧沥青的固化特征,为环氧沥青热分析动力学的研究提供了重要途径,但这两种方法具有不同的作用机理与研究内容。热分析动力学的方法为全面分析环氧沥青固化机理与宏观力学性能的关系提供了新的思路。     

芳香族聚醚型超支化环氧对双酚A型环氧的增韧研究

通过质子转移聚合,采用双酚A和三羟甲基丙烷三缩水合成了一种芳香族聚醚型超支化环氧(EHBP),将其添加到双酚A缩水甘油醚型环氧(DGEBA)中制备成杂化树脂进行增韧改性。采用酸酐固化后,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)对固化树脂的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性进行了表征,并对其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度进行了测试。结果表明向DGEBA中添加EHPE可以在不影响材料热性能和拉伸强度的情况下改善其韧性。在EHBP添加量为15%时,材料的冲击强度由纯DGEBA的19kJ/m2提高到28kJ/m2。扫描电子显微镜对材料冲击断面的形貌的表征表明,EHBP对环氧树脂的增韧机理为原位均相增韧。     

环氧沥青的固化反应和微观结构

采用傅里叶红外变换光谱(FT-IR)、介电分析(DEA)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了环氧沥青等温固化反应过程中固化反应速率和转化率的变化。并利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)研究了环氧沥青固化反应过程中微观形貌的变化。实时FT-IR、DEA和DSC研究表明,120℃时环氧沥青固化2.5h后,反应完全结束,介电分析结果证明环氧沥青固化反应属于自催化反应。LSCM结果表明,沥青在环氧树脂交联网络中形成相分离,沥青聚集形成分散相,均匀地分散在环氧树脂形成的交联网络中。     

海因环氧改性氰酸酯树脂体系的固化行为研究

目的 采用非等温差示扫描量热法（DSC）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT–IR）研究海因环氧/双酚A型氰酸酯（BAE）和海因环氧/四甲基双酚F型氰酸酯（TBF）的固化反应行为。方法 通过Kissinger、Ozawa和Crane法对2种树脂体系的固化动力学参数进行了计算，并采用热重分析（TGA）和热机械分析（DMA）评价树脂改性前后的热稳定性和热力学性能。结果 海因环氧改性氰酸酯树脂体系均呈现双重固化放热峰，TBF体系具有相对更高的表观活化能，而BAE体系具有更好的耐热性能，其玻璃化转变温度（tg）和在氮气下质量损失率为5%时的温度分别为271.6℃和403.4℃。结论 海因环氧树脂可以促进氰酸酯的聚合反应，制备的改性树脂体系可用于耐高温树脂基体和电子封装等材料。     

含萘和脂环烃结构单元环氧树脂的固化反应及性质

用动态差示扫描量热(DSC)方法研究了一种分子骨架中含有萘基和脂环基结构的环氧树脂的固化反应行为,其固化反应活性较双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)。以动态力学热分析(DMTA)、热重分析(TGA)热机械分析(TMA)对所得交联聚合物的物理性质进行了评价。与DGEBA相比。文中所介绍的环氧树脂固化物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。较好的热稳定性,较低的热膨胀系数、介电常数和吸湿性。这些良好的性能有可能使其在印刷线路板和电子封装料方面获得应用。     

含酚酞结构的聚苯并噁嗪的合成

采用酚酞、苯胺和甲醛为原料制备了一种新型的苯并噁嗪中间体(BPZ),并通过热固化得到含酚酞结构的高性能的聚苯并噁嗪树脂(PBPZ).采用FTIR和1H NMR表征了中间体的结构,采用DSC和FTIR研究了中间体的热固化过程,最后采用DSC,DMA和TGA表征了固化树脂的热性能.结果表明:固化后所得树脂(PBPZ)具有优异的热性能,玻璃化转变温度为291℃(DSC),247℃(DMA),5％和10％的热失重温度分别为371℃和435℃,在800℃氮气氛的残炭率高达65％.     

相反转法制备水性环氧树脂及其固化动力学

以琥珀酸酐、聚乙二醇、E-51为原料合成了非离子型乳化剂,利用相反转法制备了水性环氧树脂乳液和水性环氧固化剂。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)研究了水性环氧树脂与甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA)的热稳定性和固化机理。结果表明,水性环氧树脂与MeTHPA已固化完全;固化反应符合两个参数的自催化esták-Berggre(S-B)模型,固化反应的平均表观活化能为73.95 kJ/mol。MeTHPA与环氧树脂物质的量比为0.6的热稳定性最好。     

国产高温拌合型环氧沥青的固化行为与性能

利用荧光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、万能试验机、布氏黏度仪研究国产高温拌合型环氧沥青的微观固化形态、非等温条件下的固化行为、力学性能及施工和易性。观察发现,环氧沥青60℃固化4 d期间是"点-线-交联网状"的微观变化过程。DSC研究显示升温速率越高,环氧沥青固化热越小,沥青并不参与环氧树脂的自催化反应,但对环氧树脂固化体系有稀释作用。拉伸试验结果表明,环氧沥青结合料150℃容留1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h后,环氧树脂与基质沥青的相容性均较好,拉伸强度最大6.46 MPa,断裂伸长率265%。布氏黏度试验得到高温拌合型环氧沥青结合料在160℃、 2 h时黏度为1750 mPa·s。     

ES/CEP共混树脂紫外光固化行为及性能研究

以有机硅环氧树脂为增韧剂改性脂环族环氧树脂,研究了树脂组分比、固化时间、引发剂种类和含量等工艺参数对固化行为的影响;采用热失重(TG)和差示扫描量热(DSC)对固化产物进行了分析.结果表明:当引发剂820和T含量为2％、环氧树脂(CEP)与有机硅树脂(ES)比例为85∶15时,1 000W高压汞灯紫外光固化15 min,树脂体系可以达到较好的固化效果.与纯环氧树脂相比,添加15％含量ES的共混树脂的抗拉强度略有下降而韧性得到较大提高,玻璃化转变温度下降7.5℃,快速失重区热降解速率明显下降.     

聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿网络半硬泡沫的热稳定性

制备了聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿网络半硬泡沫,通过热重分析(TGA)研究了其热分解,计算了各分解阶段的热分解反应动力学参数。结果表明,氮气中,互穿聚合物网络(IPN)泡沫根据环氧树脂含量不同其分解过程有2~3个失重阶段,随着环氧含量增加,第一阶段的失重率减小,第二阶段的失重率增大。IPN泡沫在第一、二两阶段总的热失重率低于纯聚氨酯泡沫及纯环氧树脂。环氧树脂含量为30%(质量分数,下同)时泡沫的热稳定性最好。预测IPN半硬泡沫在100℃氮气中失重5%时的热老化寿命可达2.4E7年,表明IPN泡沫具有很好的热稳定性。     

Verification of the new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculation in asphalt layers of pavements

The new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculations in asphalt layers has been developed and published recently by the author. This paper presents verification of this method. The verification is based on the comparison of the results of calculations with results of testing of thermal stresses in Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses according to the new method were based on rheological parameters of the Burgers model. The parameters were measured in laboratory at different low temperatures, at long time creep under constant loading. Five asphalt mixes were tested. Three of them were high modulus asphalt concretes and two conventional asphalt concretes. Specimens were prepared in exactly the same way both for rheological creep tests and for the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The results of measured thermal stresses were compared with thermal stresses calculated from the new viscoelastic method developed by the author and in most cases a good agreement was found. For comparison, the measured stresses were compared with results of calculations according to the existing methods. The viscoelastic Monismith method failed in prediction of thermal stresses. The prediction from the quasi-elastic Hills and Brien method was underestimated, but better than from the Monismith method and worse than from the new viscoelastic method. The reasons of discrepancies were discussed.     

Modified toughness used to evaluate the effect of polymer modified asphalt on SMA

Abstract

Toughness, as defined in ASTM D5801, is the work used to stretch a specimen until fracture, and is used to evaluate the ability of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) to resist deformation. Fracture elongations in PMA are usually longer than 10 cm. However, it is almost impossible for asphalt concrete, with or without PMA, to endure such large deformation before fracture. It is presumed that an effective elongation exists for more effective determination of toughness. Principle component analysis (PCA) and single regression analysis were used in this study to evaluate the correlation between physical tests of PMA, including toughness and performance tests of Stonic Mastic Asphalt (SMA). Meanwhile, performance tests, including resilient modulus tests, creep tests and indirect tensile tests, were conducted on SMA samples. According to the results form Principle Components Analysis (PCA), it was observed that only a common factor affects the performance tests. Regression analyses were used to find common factors from physical tests of PMA. Correlation coefficients between toughness and performance tests were found to be better than other physical tests. When toughness was calculated with effective elongation (6.5 cm), R ² was 0.90. In our opinion, the desirable PMA should provide SMA enough work to resist the deformation while the deformation is still small. This result was also confirmed by observation of SEM and Rheological analysis. Modified toughness (calculated with effective elongation) considered as the common factor, is a simple method to evaluate the microstructure of PMA. Overall, modified toughness seems promising for use in evaluation of the effect of PMA on SMA.     

再生沥青混合料新-旧沥青扩散混合效率研究综述

新沥青/再生剂与老化沥青之间的扩散、混合程度决定着再生沥青混合料的性能。为探讨新沥青/再生剂与RAP表面裹覆老化沥青膜的相互作用,基于国内外研究现状,对比分析了新-旧沥青的混合模型、扩散理论及扩散渗透效果评价方式,认为现阶段的沥青混合模型及扩散机理尚存在一定的局限性,并不能真实反映新沥青/再生剂与老化沥青之间的扩散、混合情况,新沥青/再生剂与老化沥青之间扩散效率及混合程度评价方法的准确性有待商榷。提出运用分层抽提技术、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、红外光谱测量技术、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)研究新沥青/再生剂在老化沥青层中的扩散过程,表征新沥青/再生剂与老化沥青之间的混溶程度及老化沥青的再生效果。     

沥青及沥青混凝土阻燃性能测试与评价

概述了沥青和沥青混合料阻燃性能的测试和评价方法.沥青阻燃性能的测试评价方法主要为:氧指教试验法、水平及垂直燃烧测定法、锥形(Cone)量热仪法、熔融流淌时间和耐烧穿时间测定法、烟密度试验法、标准火灾房法、烟气毒性法、AsrM E-108法等.其中.对沥青路面阻燃性能的评价多采用氧指数试验法.沥青混合料阻燃性能的测试评价方法主要为:燃烧对路用性能影响的评价方法、燃烧深度的评价方法等.分析了每种测试评价方法的适用范围.通过对比分析得出,沥青结合料是影响隧道沥青混凝土路面阻燃性能的主要因素,但沥青混合料的级配类型、配合比也是影响隧道沥青混凝土路面阻燃性能的重要因素.因此,隧道沥青混凝土路面的阻燃性能测试评价除了对沥青结合料的阻燃性能进行测试评价外,还应对沥青混合料的阻燃性能进行测试评价.     

改性再生剂在老化沥青中的扩散规律研究

采用模拟扩散试验,对比了3种不同组成的再生剂在老化沥青中的扩散规律,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对不同扩散位置的沥青微观结构及分子量分布进行测定,分析了不同种类再生剂的扩散机理。结果表明,随着扩散深度的增加,再生剂的作用效果逐渐减弱,老化沥青中相互吸附的沥青质团阻碍大分子量的改性组分在沥青中扩散,通过对沥青质分散可使改性再生剂与低粘度再生剂的扩散水平接近,研究成果对再生路面的性能提升提供技术参考。     

Investigating the effect of nanoparticles on the rutting behaviour of hot-mix asphalt

Rutting is considered as one of the major damages in asphalt mixtures. In this study, different types of nanoparticles such as TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and ZnO in different percentages were added to the base asphalt binder in order to decrease the rutting potential of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). In the first step, asphalt binder tests for characteristics such as penetration grade, ductility, softening point and viscosity were performed on the asphalt binder modified by the nanoparticles. Then, after preparing HMA samples, the static creep test was done at two stress levels at a specific temperature. Results of this study showed that using the nanoparticles improved the behavioural properties of the asphalt binder and decreased rutting in asphalt mix samples. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images taken from the asphalt binder samples modified by the nanoparticles demonstrated that these nanoparticles were properly distributed in the asphalt binder space and had a positive effect on the rutting performance of the asphalt mixes.     

Green Road Construction Technologies in Guangzhou

Total road pavement in Guangzhou reaches 77 ×10⁶ m². Its huge maintenance and potential rehabilitation calls for a green road system. This paper presents a discussion, first about green road construction technologies together with their applications and development like reclaimed asphalt pavement, rubberized asphalt pavement, and warm mix asphalt; and then, about the key obstacles for promotion and activities, primarily for green road promotion, in the perspectives of the current technical and application situations in China and separately in Guangzhou. Based on environmental and conditional analysis, as well as a development expectation from an industrial viewpoint, this paper creates a development trend of green road technologies.     

A new viscoelastic method of calculation of low-temperature thermal stresses in asphalt layers of pavements

The paper presents a new method of calculation of thermal stresses in asphalt layers of pavements induced by cooling or heating. The method, developed by the author, is based on the analytical solution for the linear viscoelastic Burgers model extended numerically for the case of asphalt layers whose rheological parameters are strongly dependent on temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion and Poisson’s ratio may optionally be taken either as constant or varying with temperature. Two equivalent numerical methods have been developed, named as ‘the incremental method’ and ‘the stress increase and relaxation method’. The computer program was developed for calculation of thermal stresses in several different cases of temperature impact, included constant rate cooling and heating, change of temperature and relaxation and a cycle of first cooling, relaxation and second cooling. What the most important practically, the solution for any change of temperature, modelling real winter changes in long period of time, was also developed. Several examples of calculations are presented. The results obtained with use of this method are promising and appear to be acceptable. The advantages of the new method in comparison with existing methods are that it takes fully into account the viscoelastic properties of a layer and the method is correct if the material does not meet the time–temperature superposition principle.     

老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响

为了研究老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响,通过沥青常规指标测试试验、动态剪切流变（DSR）试验和AFM测试试验,从宏细观角度分析了老化前后苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度和软化点及疲劳性能、微观结构的变化情况。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的稠度、硬度增加,高温性能得到改善,而温度敏感性变低,低温抗裂性能变差。综合分析针入度比、延度比和软化点比得出胶粉改性沥青的抗老化性能优于SBS改性沥青;随温度的降低、频率的增大和老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的抗疲劳性能变差;微观结构观测结果显示,SBS改性沥青具有"蜂型结构",老化后"蜂型结构"的体积增大、高度增加、数量减少;胶粉改性沥青没有"蜂型结构",胶粉颗粒与沥青在共混共融过程中发生溶胀、脱硫和降解等行为会影响沥青中"蜂型结构"的形成;老化前后胶粉改性沥青表面形貌粗糙度和高度变化不大;胶粉改性沥青的抗疲劳、抗老化和高温性能总体优于SBS改性沥青。     

Thermal conductivity of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and its constituents

Up to the present, most work on the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been empirical in nature. Very recent advances have demonstrated that finite-element techniques can be effectively used for modelling asphalt mixing drums in order to optimise the relative proportions of new and recycled materials and to determine the amount of time required to achieve full melting inside of the drum. A necessary prerequisite for the modelling is a definitive knowledge of the thermal conductivities of RAP and its components. This need motivated the present experimental work which encompassed RAP particles, RAP particles with the asphalt binder removed, and pure asphalt binder of different degrees of ageing. Also evaluated were taconite tailings, residual rock from the processing of iron-containing ore, and sand. The tailings have been mentioned as a candidate aggregate. The conductivity results for the solid media were related to three metrics: (a) the size ranges of the solids, (b) the density of the sample as a whole and (c) the porosity of the sample. All of the conductivity results for the investigated solid media fell in the range from 17 to 30 W/m °C. The measured conductivities of the binder ranged from 0.17 to 0.19 W/m °C.