钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗接触爆炸性能研究

鉴于泡沫铝材料优异的吸能特性和三明治型组合构件在强度、刚度上的优势,针对分层结构为钢板-泡沫铝芯层-钢板的100 mm厚抗爆组合板进行了装药量为1.0 kg TNT的接触爆炸试验,考察了组合板在接触爆炸条件下的变形及破坏情况,并对组合板的变形破坏过程进行了理论分析和数值模拟。研究表明,组合板承受接触爆炸荷载时,主要通过局部压缩变形和整体弯曲变形吸收耗散能量,上下面板与芯层间易发生剥离现象。钢板相同时适当增大泡沫铝芯层厚度,泡沫铝芯层相同时增加钢板厚度,均可减小组合板承受接触爆炸冲击荷载时产生的变形破坏,提高其抗爆性能。     

钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗爆性能数值模拟

鉴于泡沫铝材料良好的吸能特性和三明治型组合构件在强度、刚度上的优势,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢板-泡沫铝-钢板三明治型组合板进行了装药量为10.0kgTNT的非接触爆炸数值模拟,考察组合板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应。研究表明:钢板夹泡沫铝组合板承受爆炸冲击波荷载时,响应方式主要为组合板整体弯曲变形和泡沫铝芯层局部压缩变形,芯层压缩变形是组合板吸收耗散能量的主要途径;适当地增加泡沫铝芯层厚度和面板厚度能够提高组合板的抗爆性能,同时使组合板充分发挥耗能作用。     

钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗爆性能数值模拟

鉴于泡沫铝材料良好的吸能特性和三明治型组合构件在强度、刚度上的优势,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢板-泡沫铝-钢板三明治型组合板进行了装药量为10.0kgTNT的非接触爆炸数值模拟,考察组合板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应。研究表明:钢板夹泡沫铝组合板承受爆炸冲击波荷载时,响应方式主要为组合板整体弯曲变形和泡沫铝芯层局部压缩变形,芯层压缩变形是组合板吸收耗散能量的主要途径;适当地增加泡沫铝芯层厚度和面板厚度能够提高组合板的抗爆性能,同时使组合板充分发挥耗能作用。     

钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗爆性能研究

鉴于泡沫铝材料优异的吸能特性和夹层结构在强度、刚度上的优势,提出了分层结构为钢板-泡沫铝芯层-钢板的抗爆组合板。对厚度为10 cm、7 cm和5 cm的组合板进行了5组不同装药量的爆炸试验,考察了各板在不同装药量爆炸条件下的变形及破坏情况,并对变形破坏过程进行了理论分析。研究表明:组合板承受爆炸冲击荷载时,通过局部压缩变形和整体弯曲变形吸收能量。钢板相同时,适当增大泡沫铝芯层厚度,增强面板与芯层间连接,可提高该组合板的抗爆性能,防止组合板发生剥离,减小其承受爆炸冲击荷载时产生的变形。     

多层异质复合结构的动力学响应及抗侵彻性能

为研究多层异质复合结构动力学响应及抗侵彻性能,利用霍普金森试验装置,对不同材料排布顺序及含泡沫铝夹芯的多层复合结构进行冲击加载,通过贴在入射杆和透射杆上的应变片测得入射波、反射波、透射波波形,验证数值仿真模型正确性;结合数值模拟,研究不同结构对试件内部应力波传播特性和应力场分布影响规律;依据复合结构动力学响应特征,设计复合靶板并进行抗侵彻试验,分析靶板塑性变形特征及抗侵彻耗能机制;通过数值模拟分析泡沫铝夹芯厚度对防护性能影响。结果表明,装甲钢后置复合结构及含泡沫夹芯结构有助于减缓应力集中,减小陶瓷损伤面积;泡沫铝夹芯过厚难以为靶板变形提供支撑,降低抗侵彻阻力;五种夹芯厚度h=2 mm、h=5 mm、h=10 mm、h=20 mm、h=30 mm中,h=10 mm对应多层异质复合靶防护性能最优。      

碳纤维复合材料-泡沫铝夹芯板的冲击响应

采用泡沫金属子弹撞击加载的方式研究了T700碳纤维复合材料面层-泡沫铝芯体的夹芯结构动力响应。利用激光测速装置、高速摄像仪和位移传感器记录了泡沫子弹的撞击速度、子弹撞击夹芯板全过程和夹芯板后面板中心点的位移时程曲线。研究了加载冲量和芯层相对密度对夹芯板冲击响应的影响,得到了碳纤维复合材料-泡沫铝夹芯板的变形与失效模式。同时,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行数值模拟,研究了复合材料面板铺层方式、面层厚度、芯层厚度和相对密度以及泡沫铝子弹的长度、速度和相对密度等参数对夹芯板冲击响应的影响。     

泡沫铝层合梁的三点弯曲变形

研究了泡沫铝层合梁三点弯曲的载荷(P)-位移(δ)曲线、变形过程及面板破坏、夹芯剪切破坏、凹陷破坏等破坏模式。用极限载荷公式得到的计算值与实验值符合良好。实验所得的加载和卸载刚度(P/δ)与计算结果吻合较好。泡沫铝层合梁具有较低的密度((0.42～0.92)×10~3kg/m~3)和很高的弯曲比刚度(E~(1/2)/ρ)。利用极限载荷公式建立了破坏模式图。     

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的刚度预测与试验验证

基于材料细观结构,建立了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的刚度预测模型,并进行了刚度性能的相关试验验证。其中,对缝纫复合材料层合面板部分,考虑了缝纫角对单胞尺寸和富脂区大小的影响,以及缝纫前后层合面板厚度的变化对复合材料面板纤维体积含量的影响,采用改进的纤维弯曲模型计算了缝纫复合材料层合面板的刚度;对缝纫增强的泡沫夹芯部分,把缝线树脂柱看作是泡沫基体中的增强相,将其简化为特殊的单向增强复合材料,提出了用串并联组合模型来预测其刚度。试验测试了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板试件的刚度。应用本文模型对缝纫层合面板和缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板的刚度进行预测,结果均与试验结果吻合较好。采用理论模型系统研究了缝纫参数和结构参数对缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料刚度的影响。     

泡沫铝夹芯板抗冲击性能分析

试验设计了3块钢板夹泡沫铝夹芯板,厚度分别为50 mm、70 mm和100 mm。对每种厚度夹芯板进行七组不同落锤高度的冲击试验,测得了上、下面板变形值,记录了夹芯板的破坏情况。应用数值模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进一步还原夹芯板冲击过程,导出了面板与芯材的吸能占比。基于假设的夹芯板理论模型,给出了平均冲击荷载、局部变形和整体变形最大值的估算公式。结果表明:当夹芯板尺寸和材料强度一定时,局部变形值与落锤高度的平方根成正比,整体变形最大值、平均冲击力均与落锤高度的平方根成线性关系。夹芯板的抗冲击性能主要依靠增大泡沫铝芯层的变形进行耗能,芯层越厚,泡沫铝吸能占比越大,局部变形越小,夹芯板受到的冲击力越大。     

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板的稳定性分析

整体屈曲是缝纫复合材料夹芯板的一种重要失效模式。考虑到缝纫夹芯复合材料板一般较厚且面板与芯层厚度相差较大, 缝纫工艺对夹芯板刚度影响较大的特点, 基于高阶剪切理论, 编制了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板稳定性分析的有限元程序。利用该程序对多个算例进行了计算, 所得临界屈曲应力与文献及试验结果吻合很好。同时, 讨论了不同边界条件下缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板稳定性随缝纫参数(包括针距、 行距和缝纫针半径)以及结构参数(包括面板铺层角、 芯层厚度和缝纫夹芯板边长)的变化规律。      

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料金字塔点阵夹芯假脚结构在竖向载荷下的力学性能

对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料金字塔点阵夹芯假脚结构在竖向载荷下的力学性能进行研究。制备了三种不同相对密度的假脚,并进行了竖向载荷压缩试验。结果表明,相对密度对结构力学性能的影响显著,载荷-位移曲线呈非线性,峰值载荷和刚度值随相对密度的增加而增大,三种相对密度的破坏模式均为节点的失效和面板的皱曲,结构具有一定的能量吸收能力。建立了金字塔点阵夹芯假脚结构的理论强度预报模型,给出了结构在竖向载荷作用下的挠度响应,获得了四种失效模式和临界破坏载荷。对比了理论计算与试验的峰值载荷、破坏模式和挠度,得到较好的一致性。给出假脚结构参数(面板厚度、杆件角度和杆件直径)对破坏模式和破坏临界载荷的影响,并绘制了结构失效机制图。      

Bending response of sandwich panels with discontinuous wire-woven metal cores

The effects of a gap between discontinuous WBK (Wire-woven Bulk Kagome) cores on the bending properties of mild steel sandwich panels were elaborated. Analytic solutions were derived, and the experimental and numerical results of the bending response of sandwich panels with continuous and discontinuous WBK cores were presented. The analytic solutions of sandwich panels with continuous or discontinuous WBK cores under bending load provided good estimations of the failure mode, peak load, and bending stiffness in comparison with the experimental results. The strength and stiffness of sandwich panels with discontinuous WBK cores under bending load often substantially deteriorated depending on the gap width between the cores and on the detailed geometry near the gap. The analytic solutions successfully explained how the deterioration of the bending strength or stiffness could be minimized, when two separate sandwich panels or cores are to be joined.     

Three-point bending of sandwich beams with aluminum foam-filled corrugated cores

Sandwich panels having metallic corrugated cores had distinctly different attributes from those having metal foam cores, the former with high specific stiffness/strength and the latter with superior specific energy absorption capacity. To explore the attribute diversity, all-metallic hybrid-cored sandwich constructions with aluminum foam blocks inserted into the interstices of steel corrugated plates were fabricated and tested under three-point bending. Analytical predictions of the bending stiffness, initial failure load, peak load, and failure modes were obtained and compared with those measured. Good agreement between analysis and experiment was achieved. Failure maps were also constructed to reveal the mechanisms of initial failure. Foam insertions altered not only the failure mode of the corrugated sandwich but also increased dramatically its bending resistance. All-metallic sandwich constructions with foam-filled corrugated cores hold great potential as novel lightweight structural materials for a wide range of structural and crushing/impulsive loading applications.     

泡沫填充的S型褶皱复合材料夹芯板低速冲击响应特性

为了研究泡沫填充褶皱夹芯结构低速冲击响应特性与损伤机制,采用热压法制备了玻璃纤维增强S型褶皱夹芯板,并使用聚氨酯泡沫进行了填充,通过落锤试验机对夹芯板节点与基座两个位置进行了冲击试验。研究表明,冲击位置对泡沫填充褶皱夹芯板的失效模式存在影响。当冲击位置为节点时,夹芯板芯子以凸侧面曲面壁压溃断裂失效为主,泡沫的填充起到了提供力矩的作用。当冲击位置为基座时,夹芯板芯子以凹侧面曲面壁撕裂和凸侧面曲面壁压溃失效为主,夹芯板损伤沿板厚度方向扩展充分,导致冲击载荷均匀化。在相同冲击能量下,节点与基座冲击相比,夹芯板的最大载荷力提高,并且比较稳定。此外,节点载荷峰值产生的冲击位移较低于基座冲击。      

Theoretical and experimental study of foam-filled lattice composite panels under quasi-static compression loading

In this paper, a simple and innovative foam-filled lattice composite panel is proposed to upgrade the peak load and energy absorption capacity. Unlike other foam core sandwich panels, this kind of panels is manufactured through vacuum assisted resin infusion process rather than adhesive bonding. An experimental study was conducted to validate the effectiveness of this panel for increasing the peak strength. The effects of lattice web thickness, lattice web spacing and foam density on initial stiffness, deformability and energy absorbing capacity were also investigated. Test results show that compared to the foam-core composite panels, a maximum of an approximately 1600% increase in the peak strength can be achieved due to the use of lattice webs. Meanwhile, the energy absorption can be enhanced by increasing lattice web thickness and foam density. Furthermore, by using lattice webs, the specimens had higher initial stiffness. A theoretical model was also developed to predict the ultimate peak strength of panels.     

Enhancing the resistance of composite sandwich panels to localized forces for civil infrastructure and transportation applications

This paper presents the details of an experimental and numerical study that was conducted to evaluate different methods of increasing the punching resistance of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite sandwich panels with balsa wood cores. A total of four large-scale panels were subjected to concentrated loads in a two-way bending configuration. Different techniques of locally stiffening the panels were investigated including bonding a steel coupling plate to the loaded surface of the panels and embedding steel tubes within the panel core. The experimental program was supplemented by a finite element study to evaluate the location, magnitude, and extent of stress concentrations in the panels. The experimental program demonstrated that the failure modes of the stiffened panels shifted from local punching to delamination of the loaded GFRP skin which initiated at the discontinuities of the panel stiffness. The finite element analysis indicated that the delamination failure was due to stress concentrations which formed at these critical locations. The local stiffening of the panel approximately tripled the concentrated load carrying capacity of the panels. The research findings suggest that, through careful design and detailing, composite sandwich panels can be used to resist large-magnitude concentrated loads such as those found in civil infrastructure and heavy freight transportation applications.     

等腰梯形蜂窝芯玻璃钢夹芯板的面内压缩性能

为研究等腰梯形蜂窝芯玻璃钢夹芯板面内压缩破坏机制, 利用材料试验机对夹芯板面内压缩性能进行了试验测试, 并开展了模拟研究。结果表明: 夹芯板的面内压缩破坏方式主要有面板折断、夹芯板屈曲失稳和夹芯板中面板与蜂窝芯脱粘3种类型。面板为夹芯板面内压缩的主要承载构件, 蜂窝芯对面板起到固支作用。面板结构参数与材料参数为影响夹芯板面内压缩抗压强度与抗压刚度主要因素, 多数蜂窝芯的结构参数与材料参数对夹芯板面内压缩抗压强度的影响微弱, 而个别蜂窝芯的结构参数对夹芯板面内压缩抗压刚度的影响比较显著。夹芯板体积一定时, 随着蜂窝芯胞体单元数量的增加, 夹芯板面内压缩的抗压强度与抗压刚度逐渐增大。      

Static and low-velocity impact behavior of sandwich beams with closed-cell aluminum-foam core in three-point bending

In this paper, the response and failure of sandwich beams with aluminum-foam core are investigated. Quasi-static and low-velocity impact bending tests are carried out for sandwich beams with aluminum-foam core. The deformation and failure behavior is explored. It is found that the failure mode and the load history predicted by a modified Gibson's model agree well with the quasi-static experimental data. The failure modes and crash processes of beams under impact loading are similar to those under quasi-static loading, but the force-displacement history is very different. Hence the quasi-static model can also predict the initial dynamic failure modes of sandwich beams when the impact velocity is lower than 5 m/s.     

Behaviour of structural fibre composite sandwich panels under point load and uniformly distributed load

An innovative fibre composite sandwich panel made of glass fibre reinforced polymer skins and a modified phenolic core material was developed for building and other structural applications. The behaviour of this new generation sandwich panel was studied with reference to the main fibre orientation in floor applications, so that the effect due to erroneous installation could be evaluated. The two- and four-edge supported sandwich panels with different fibre orientations and fixity systems between panel and joist were tested under point load and uniformly distributed load (UDL) to determine their strength and failure mechanisms. The results of this experimental investigation show that the panels behave similarly under both loading conditions. Moreover, the fixity does not have a major effect on its failure mode and deflection.     

秸秆板轻钢高强泡沫混凝土剪力墙轴心受压性能研究

通过对7片秸秆板轻钢高强泡沫混凝土剪力墙（SSRC剪力墙）足尺试件的轴心受压试验,考察了其在轴心荷载作用下的受力性能、破坏模态和承载力,分析覆盖秸秆板、是否填充泡沫混凝土、泡沫混凝土强度和墙体厚度等因素对剪力墙试件轴心受压性能的影响。试验结果表明:剪力墙的破坏模态主要表现为轻钢立柱的局部屈曲和泡沫混凝土的局部压碎;与未填充泡沫混凝土墙体相比,填充A05级泡沫混凝土的竖向承载力和竖向刚度分别提高1.6倍和2.2倍,填充A07级泡沫混凝土可以提高2.2倍和3.1倍;是否覆盖秸秆板对墙体竖向承载力的影响很小;轻钢立柱截面宽度由89 mm增加到140 mm,墙体厚度由205 mm增加到256 mm,墙体竖向承载力提高了60%~70%。针对覆盖新型材料秸秆板的剪力墙受力性能和破坏模式,总结中、美两国规范及已有研究文献中的轴心受压构件承载力计算公式,提出SSRC剪力墙轴心受压承载力简化计算公式,其计算值与试验值基本一致。