长周期结构Mg_(94)Cu_4Y_2储氢合金的吸放氢动力学和组织转变

设计并制备含有长周期堆垛有序结构(LPSO)的Mg_(94)Cu_4Y_2储氢合金,研究了合金在吸放氢过程中组织的转变机制以及吸放氢动力学性能。结果表明,Mg_(94)Cu_4Y_2合金主要由Mg、Mg2Cu和高度固溶Cu、Y元素的含18R及14H型的LPSO组成。LPSO在首次吸氢过程中分解,并原位生成均匀的(MgH_2+MgCu_2+YH_3)纳米复合组织。在随后的脱氢和吸放氢循环中,合金主要通过Mg/MgH_2反应实现吸放氢。细小均匀分布的Mg2Cu和YH_2对Mg/MgH_2的催化作用,使该合金表现出较优良的吸放氢动力学特性。     

长周期有序堆垛相(LPSO)的研究现状及在镁合金中的作用

镁合金由于具有较高的比强度、比刚度以及良好的成形性和切屑加工性等优点,在航空航天、交通以及电子产品等领域获得了广泛的应用。但是由于镁合金的绝对强度较低,使其在结构件的应用上受到了一定的限制。近年来,采用稀土元素来提高镁合金的强度已成为镁合金研究领域的热点,尤其是Mg-Zn-Y镁合金。由于m(Y)/m(Zn)比的变化,Mg-Zn-Y中的强化相也逐渐产生变化,当m(Y)/m(Zn)1时,在Mg-Zn-Y合金中出现与镁合金基体完全共格、但富含Y、Zn元素的结构及化学成分均有序的长周期堆垛有序相(LPSO)。相比于其他第二相,LPSO相具有高硬度、良好的热稳定性、良好的阻尼性能、高抗蠕变性能、高弹性模量等特点,因此,这种新型结构强化相在镁合金中对其力学性能的影响引起了研究人员的广泛关注,成为目前镁合金强韧化的研究热点。近几年的研究多是通过快速凝固粉末冶金、铜模铸造、溶体甩带等不同的铸造方法制备出含LPSO相的镁合金,并通过改变溶质原子种类、含量及比例的方法来探究LPSO相对镁合金性能的影响,之后通过热处理、挤压和轧制等加工工艺对LPSO相的数量、尺寸和分布进行调控,进而提高镁合金的性能。而有关LPSO相的微观结构,如LPSO相结构中各原子的排列方式和具体位置等,通过第一性原理计算模拟、选区电子衍射(SADP)、高分辨率透射(HRTEM)及高角环形暗场像扫描电子显微镜(HAADF-STEM)等方法进行研究,已经建立了一个比较完善的LPSO相结构模型。同时,近几年对镁合金凝固和变形过程LPSO相结构中原子的运动研究也有了突破性的进展。在21世纪初,有研究人员通过快速凝固和热挤压的方法制备出的Mg97Zn1Y2(原子分数)合金的屈服强度和延伸率分别达到了610 MPa和5%,这些优异的力学性能归因于纳米级的LPSO相。本文综述了镁合金中LPSO相的形成机制、类型及其含LPSO相的合金体系,并对LPSO相的结构堆垛有序和化学成分有序进行了详尽的叙述,同时分析了LPSO相提高镁合金强度、塑性、抗蠕变性及高阻尼性能的机理;阐述了含LPSO相镁合金的制备工艺对其性能产生的影响;最后对含LPSO相镁合金的发展方向进行了展望。     

镁合金中的LPSO结构

详细描述了铁合金中的LPSO相的最新研究进展,系统总结了镁合金中的LPSO相的结构、微合金组元的化学成分,分析了微观形成过程与机制以及优异的力学性能,展望了镁合金中LPSO结构的研究趋势.     

LPSO相增强Mg-6Gd-4Y-xZn合金的组织与力学性能

制备了3种LPSO相增强Mg-6Gd-4Y-xZn(x=1,2,3)(%,质量分数,下同)四元镁合金,研究了不同Zn含量对合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响,并探讨了合金中LPSO相的形成与演变过程及其对合金的强化机制。研究结果表明,Mg-6Gd-4Y-3Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg和18R长周期结构相Mg12Y1Zn1相组成。若降低合金中的Zn含量,显微组织中会出现Mg24(GdYZn)5。3种合金的退火组织均由α-Mg、18R-LPSO和14H-LPSO相组成,且随着Zn含量的增加,合金中18R-LPSO相的体积分数增加且基体中14H-LPSO相的层片变粗。挤压态合金在T6和T5处理的过程中均发生了β'沉淀。随着Zn含量增加,合金Mg-6Gd-4Y-xZn(包括挤压态和时效态)在常温下的抗拉强度降低。显微组织中18R-LPSO相、细小弥散分布的14H-LPSO相和β'沉淀相共存方能实现理想的强化效果。     

Effect of Multi-Pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Heterogeneous Mg_(88)Y_8Zn_4 Alloy

The microstructure evolutions and mechanical properties of a heterogeneous Mg88Y8Zn4(in at.%) alloy during multi-pass equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) were systematically investigated in this work.The results show that four phases,i.e.α-Mg,18 R long period stacking ordered(LPSO) phase,Mg24Y5 and Y-rich phase,are present in cast alloy.During ECAP,dynamic recrystallization(DRX) occurs and the diameter of DRXedα-Mg grains decreases to 0.8 μm.Moreover,precipitation of lamellar 14 H LPSO structure is developed withinα-Mg phase.Both the refinement of α-Mg grains and precipitation of 14 H LPSO contribute to the increase in micro-hardness from 98 HV to 135 HV for α-Mg.In addition,a simplified model describing the evolution of 18 R LPSO phase is established,which illustrates that 18 R undergoes a four-step morphological evolution with increasing strains during ECAP,i.e.original lath → bent lath → cracked lath → smaller particles.Compression test results indicate that the alloy has been markedly strengthened after multi-pass ECAP,and the main reason for the significantly enhanced mechanical properties could be ascribed to the DRXed α-Mg grains,newly precipitated 14 H lamellas,18 R kinking and refined 18 R particles.     

Effects of Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Precipitation Behaviour of Mg94Y4Zn2 Extruded Alloy

Microstructures and precipitation behaviours of Mg_(94)Y_4Zn_2(at.%) extruded alloy during solution treatment and ageing processes were investigated.Three major phases were observed in the as-cast Mg_(94)Zn_2Y_4 alloy:a-Mg,block shaped 18R long period stacking ordered(LPSO) phase and M_(94)Y_5 cuboid particles.After homogenization and extrusion,the block shaped LPSO phase changed into plate-like shape aligned along the direction of extrusion.During solution treatment,a small fraction of LPSO phase was transformed from 18R structure to14H type.The nano-scale β' phase with its close-packed planes being perpendicular to the direction of both a-Mg and LPSO structure was precipitated at ageing stage.The coexistence of β' and LPSO phase contributes to the strengthening of the alloy,with microhardness for the matrix and LPSO structures reaching 145.8 and155.0 HV,respectively.     

Interfacial dislocations dominated lateral growth of long-period stacking ordered phase in Mg alloys

Understanding the interface between strengthening precipitates and matrix in alloys, especially at the atomic level, is a critical issue for tailoring the precipitate strengthening to achieve desired mechanical properties. Using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we here clarify the semicoherent interfaces between the matrix and long-period stacking ordered(LPSO) phases, including 18 R and 14 H, in Mg–Zn–Y alloys. The LPSO/Mg interface features the unique configuration of the Shockley partial dislocations, which produces a near zero macroscopic strain because the net Burgers vectors equal zero. The 18 R/Mg interface characterizes a dissociated structure that can be described as a narrow slab of 54 R. There are two dislocation arrays accompanied to the 18 R/54 R and 54 R/Mg interface, resulting a slight deviation(about 2.3°). The 14 R/Mg interface exhibits the dislocation pairs associated with solute atoms. We further evaluate the stability and morphology of the corresponding interfaces based on elastic interaction, via calculating the mutual strong interactions between dislocation arrays, as well as that between the dislocations and solute atoms. The synchronized migration of interfacial dislocations and solute atoms, like move-drag behavior, dominates the lateral growth of LPSO phases in Mg alloys.     

长周期有序堆垛相对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金腐蚀行为的影响

研究不同长周期有序堆垛(LPSO)相含量对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金腐蚀行为的影响,对于新型高强耐蚀镁合金的设计具有重要的指导意义.为此,通过金相观察、SEM形貌及能谱分析、电化学测试及浸泡试验等手段考察了Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金在5％NaCl溶液中的电化学及腐蚀行为,以确定不同LPSO相含量对镁合金抗蚀性能的影响.结果 表明:Zn元素对Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金中LPSO相的形成和分布起决定性的作用,当合金中不合Zn元素时,不会形成LPSO相;随着Zn元素的增多,LPSO相的体积分数不断增加,形态从薄片层状向块状转变.腐蚀过程中首先在合金基体表面形成一层均匀连续的腐蚀产物层,随Zn含量增加合金表面腐蚀产物层的厚度降低,合金腐蚀形态从全面腐蚀向局部腐蚀转变;LPSO相在局部腐蚀过程中充当腐蚀微电池的阴极,加速合金基体的腐蚀溶解.     

不同热处理工艺对Mg–Y–Zn–V合金组织力学性能的影响

目的 探索合适的热处理工艺,以调控合金的晶粒尺寸和LPSO相特征(形貌、类型、体积分数和分布),从而优化其力学性能。方法 通过改变热处理时间及冷却方式得到一系列Mg–Y–Zn–V合金,利用X射线衍射、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸测试等手段分析热处理后合金的微观组织及力学性能。结果 在500 ℃、24 h固溶处理后,通过水冷得到的合金性能最佳,极限抗拉强度为190 MPa,屈服强度为129 MPa,伸长率为18.4%。随着热处理时间的延长,18R相逐渐固溶到基体中,而W相在发生球化后很难进一步固溶到基体,且在不同的冷却方式下LPSO相呈现块状、杆状和针状3种形态。结论 固溶处理后球化的W相和块状18R相可以提高合金性能,而层片状LPSO则会降低合金的力学性能。     

以间苯二酚-甲醛溶胶和MCM-48原粉制备有序介孔炭分子筛

以含有机模板的介孔纯硅分子筛MCM- 48原粉为模板,以间苯二酚(R)-甲醛溶胶为炭源制备了有序介孔炭分子筛.考察了w(R)/w(MCM- 48)和w(R)/w(H2O)对合成介孔炭分子筛的影响.产物用N2吸附/脱附、XRD、SEM、TEM和TG等手段进行了表征.结果表明,w(R)/w(MCM- 48)和w(R)/w(H2O)对所得到的介孔炭分子筛的有序性和比表面积有较大的影响.优化的w(R)/w(MCM- 48)比为0.50～0.65、w(R)/w(H2O)比为0.15～0.35,此时,能形成比表面积大于1125m2/g、平均孔径在2.2～2.4nm、具有规则介孔结构的炭分子筛,且这种炭分子筛具有高的热稳定性.     

High-strength Mg95Y3Zn1Ni1 alloy with LPSO structure processed by hot rolling

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg₉₅Y₃Zn₁Ni₁ alloy containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase processed by hot rolling were systematically investigated in the present work. The results showed that the as-cast alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg and network 18?R LPSO phase. The thermal stability of 18?R LPSO phase in the as-cast alloys decreased with the decrease of Ni content. After solution treatment at 773?K for 40?h, network 18?R phase at grain boundary dissolved, while fine lamellar phase identified as 14H LPSO precipitated in the interior of grains. When the solid-solution alloy was hot rolled at 723?K with six passes and thickness reduction of 62%, some LPSO phases broke down and kinking of varying degrees occurred in LPSO phase. Meanwhile, the as-rolled α-Mg and LPSO phase redistributed aligned along the rolling orientation. The alloy exhibited excellent mechanical properties: yield strength of 282?MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 383?MPa, and elongation to failure of 16% at ambient temperature along the rolling orientation. The remarkable improvement of strength was ascribed to the refined microstructure induced by the deformation kinking and the crush of LPSO phase.     

Effect of the LPSO volume fraction on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Y2X –Zn X alloys

The influence of the volume fraction of long-period stacking ordered structure (LPSO) on the microstructure and mechanical properties in three extruded Mg_100-3x Y_2x Zn _x alloys (x = 0.5, 1 and 1.5 at.%) has been studied. Two structures of LPSO phase coexist in these extruded alloys, 18R and 14H. The 18R structure transforms to 14H structure gradually in the course of the extrusion process. For the three alloys, the grain size in the vicinity of LPSO phase particles is refined because of a particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) mechanism. The reinforcing effect of the LPSO phase is active up to 523 K. Above this temperature, grain size effect becomes important. Accordingly, MgY₁Zn_0,5 extruded alloy shows the Highest mechanical strength for temperatures greater than 523 K.     

Investigation of high-strength and superplastic Mg–Y–Gd–Zn alloy

The Mg–7Y–4Gd–1Zn (wt.%) alloy was prepared by hot extrusion technology, and the microstructure, tensile properties and superplastic behavior have been investigated. The extruded alloy possesses high tensile strength both at room temperature and 250 °C, and especially the yield strength can remain above 300 MPa at 250 °C. The outstanding microstructure, i.e. bent 18R long period stacking ordered (LPSO) strips and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) Mg grains containing fine lamellae with 14H LPSO or stacking fault structures, is responsible for the excellent mechanical properties, and it is considered that the integrated performance can be further improved by controlling the size of LPSO phase. The alloy shows the maximum elongation of 700% at 470 °C and 1.7 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. The predominant superplastic mechanism is considered to be grain boundary sliding assisted by lattice diffusion. The fracture of superplastic deformation is related to the microstructure evolution, i.e. the disappearance of LPSO phase and the formation of cubic phase. Both high temperature and stress contribute to the phase transformation.     

镁合金中的长周期有序堆垛结构

本文详细阐述了镁合金中长周期有序堆剁相的最新研究进展，对镁合金中长周期有序堆剁相的结构进行了系统的论述，展望了镁合金中的长周期有序堆剁结构的研究趋势。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Extruded Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn Alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of an extruded Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn(at.%) alloy during isothermal ageing at 180 ℃ were investigated.Microstructure of the as-extruded alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase,14H long period stacking order(LPSO) phase and small amounts of(Mg,Zn)_xDy particle phases.During ageing,the 14H LPSO phase forms and develops and its volume fraction increases with increasing ageing time.Tensile test showed that the peak-aged alloy exhibits similar yield and ultimate tensile strengths and elongation to failure at room temperature,100 ℃ and 200 ℃,but excellent elevated temperature strengths at 300 ℃ as compared to the as-extruded and over-aged alloys.The analysis showed that the excellent elevated temperature strengths of the peak-aged alloy are attributed to the LPSO phase strengthening and the grain refinement strengthening,and the role of the LPSO strengthening is related to not only its amount,but also its morphology.     

长周期结构增强镁合金的研究进展

镁合金具有低密度、高比强度、易回收利用等优点,在电子、汽车、航空航天等领域得到了广泛的应用。但是镁合金强度低、变形加工困难等缺点成为阻碍其大规模应用的主要问题。长周期堆垛有序(LPSO)结构增强镁合金具有较高的强度和较好的塑性,引起了人们的广泛关注。列举了镁合金中5种长周期结构类型及其研究进展,分析了常见的4种长周期结构制备方法的特点,阐述了5种长周期结构特征及其表征方法,分析了长周期结构的强化机制,指出了今后的研究方向。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-performance Mg–Y–Er–Zn extruded alloy

The Mg–8Y–1Er–2Zn (wt.%) alloy with high strength, plasticity and heat-resistance was prepared by the hot extrusion technique and the following aging treatment. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase is different from common inermetallics, and the former can be bent by plastic deformation and presents good combination with the Mg matrix. The good mechanical properties of as-extruded alloy are mainly attributed to the lamellar strips with 18R LPSO structure as well as the microstructure refinement. Aging treatment at 220 °C can further improve the strength but not at the expense of plasticity. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation to failure (ε) of as-extruded alloy at peak hardness are 390 MPa and 18% at room temperature, and 322 MPa and 30% at 250 °C, respectively. The formation of fine α-Mg recrystallization grains with high number density of 14H LPSO structure is mainly responsible for the superior mechanical properties of extruded alloy after peak-aging.     

Notch tensile behavior of extruded Mg–Y–Zn alloys containing long period stacking ordered phase

The notch tensile behavior of extruded Mg–6RY–4Zn and Mg–9RY–4Zn (RY: Y-rich misch metal) alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase tested from room temperature to 250 °C was investigated. LPSO long-strips crack more severely in notch samples compared with that in smooth samples. The UTS values are above 300 MPa and the notch sensitivity ratio (NSR) values are larger than 1 in both alloys because the severe crack of LPSO phase costs more energy in notch samples. Furthermore, the NSR value rises with increasing the RY content or elevating the test temperature. The strengthening effect of LPSO phase is more remarkable at high temperatures. The notch leads the fracture mode of the two alloys changing from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. Designing complex shape components should consider the NSR and plasticity of Mg–Y–Zn alloys together.     

Corrosion Behaviors of Long‐Period Stacking Ordered Structure in Mg Alloys Used in Biomaterials: A Review

The long‐period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases have distinctive microstructures and significant effect on the promotion of mechanical properties of Mg alloys, which have received considerable attention not only as industrial materials but also as biodegradable implant materials recently. By now, numerous researchers devote to study the effects of the microstructures of LPSO phases on the mechanical properties of Mg alloys. But a few of them reveal the relationship between LPSO phases and corrosion behaviors of Mg alloys. Therefore, the knowledge of characteristics of LPSO phases and their effects on biocorrosion behaviors is essential. In this review, the current understanding about the structure, growth, transformation, and deformation of LPSO phases in Mg alloys are summarized. The recent developments of biocorrosion behaviors of Mg alloys are reviewed. The information on the immersion and corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys are provided. The role of LPSO structures on corrosion behaviors of Mg alloys is intensively analyzed. Based on the current understandings, some problems are pointed out and suggestions for further research of Mg alloys with LPSO structures using as biomedical materials are provided.