POE增韧改性LDPE高发泡弹性材料的研究

以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为基体原料,乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)为增韧材料,采用密炼塑化、双辊混炼、模压发泡方法制备高发泡弹性材料。用智能型发泡无转子硫化仪分析POE对LDPE正硫化时间、扭矩值、发泡气体压力的影响,用扫描电镜观察POE与LDPE之间的相结构以及发泡后泡孔孔径的影响,测试了LDPE/POE发泡材料的物理力学性能。结果表明:随着POE含量的增加,其复合材料正硫化时间延长,扭矩值和发泡气体压力增大;POE在LDPE材料中形成"海-岛"结构两相体系;含40质量份POE的LDPE/POE发泡材料孔径均匀性较好,与LDPE发泡材料相比,拉伸强度提高67.2%,断裂伸长率提高82.3%,直角撕裂强度提高25.1%,回弹率提高8%,物理力学性能优良。     

原位交联改性PP/POE共混物的等温结晶行为

采用热塑性聚烯烃弹性体(POE)作为增韧材料,以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂制备了PP/POE共混物。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(PLM)研究了PP/POE共混物等温结晶行为,并用Avrami方程分析了PP/POE共混物结晶动力学。结果表明,POE的加入能起到异相成核的作用,加快了PP的结晶成核速率。Avrami指数在1.93～3.09,DCP的引入对聚丙烯(PP)的成核与生长机理影响不大,但其原位交联作用阻碍了PP分子链的运动,使得PP结晶速率降低,结晶时间延长。     

TAIC助交联对聚丙烯发泡性能的影响

在过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)引发下,研究三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)对聚丙烯(PP)的交联改性,比较单纯DCP和DCP/TAIC交联体系对PP熔体强度及其发泡性能的影响。加入TAIC前后,分别对PP的抗熔垂能力和熔体流动速率、PP发泡材料的凝胶率和力学性能进行测定。结果表明,与单纯DCP相比,DCP/TAIC交联体系对PP熔体强度的改善效果较好,而且相应的发泡材料具有较高的拉伸强度和直角撕裂强度,同时,偏光显微镜观察结果表明,经DCP/TAIC交联后的PP发泡材料表面更为光滑、泡孔细密且均匀一致。     

不同弹性体对聚丙烯的协同增韧

以弹性体乙烯-α-辛烯共聚物(POE)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)和SEBS/POE作为增韧剂,对不同弹性体协同增韧聚丙烯进行了研究,考察了共混体系的力学性能、结晶行为、结晶形貌、动态力学分析以及低温脆断面形貌。结果表明,弹性体SEBS、POE均对PP具有增韧作用,当SEBS、POE用量分别为20%、25%时完成了"脆韧转变",其中SEBS增韧效果较佳;SEBS、POE作为弹性体加入,使PP的结晶度降低;当SEBS/POE复配增韧PP,且m(PP)/m(SEBS)/m(POE)=70/20/10时,具有协同增韧效应,冲击强度最高;此外,POE在PP/SEBS复配增韧中相当于相容剂,起到了"桥梁"作用。     

POE/EVA复合发泡材料的研究

将乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)应用于乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)发泡材料中,考察了POE用量对POE/EVA复合发泡材料性能的影响。对发泡材料的泡孔结构进行扫描电子显微镜观察,对发泡材料的各项物理性能进行了测试。探讨发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、滑石粉等用量对POE/EVA复合发泡材料性能的影响规律,获得综合性能优良的高弹POE/EVA复合发泡材料的优化配方。     

POE共混增韧二次发泡聚丙烯的力学性能

用单螺杆挤出机制备了不同质量分数的聚烯烃弹性体(POE)共混增韧聚丙烯(PP)预发泡粒料,并用型内二次发泡工艺制备了发泡聚丙烯(FPP)。研究了POE的用量、粒径及分布对FPP的发泡效果和力学性能的影响。结果表明,POE的加入改善了FPP的发泡效果,获得泡径细小均匀的闭孔泡沫结构;POE在基体中呈粒状均匀分布且与PP基体的界面结合良好,显著提高了FPP的冲击韧性,弯曲强度和压缩强度则随POE含量的增加而降低。在研究的范围内,增韧改性FPP的弯曲强度要高于未改性FPP。     

SGF增强POE改性二次发泡聚丙烯的力学性能

用单螺杆挤出机制备了短玻璃纤维(SGF)改性聚丙烯(PP)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)预发泡粒料,并用型内二次发泡工艺制备了发泡聚丙烯(FPP),考察了SGF含量、分布及界面性能对PP/POE共混体系的发泡效果和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SGF和POE的共同加入改善了FPP的发泡效果,获得泡径约0.38 mm且分布均匀的闭孔结构;SGF的加入提高了PP/POE发泡体系的冲击韧性,并在20%含量时达到最大值64.89 kJ/m2;FPP的弯曲强度和压缩强度随着SGF的增加呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,表明适量SGF的引入可以保持POE改性FPP的强度和韧性之间的平衡。     

PP/EPDM反应挤出共混制备高熔体黏度PP的研究

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机,用过氧化物(BPO)为交联剂、不饱和烯烃为交联助剂,对PP/EPDM体系进行反应增容,一步实现聚丙烯(PP)与少量EPDM的共混、接枝与交联,制备出了具有高熔体黏度的发泡用聚丙烯.对改性材料熔体流动性能、力学性能和发泡性能研究结果表明:当交联剂、交联助剂的质量比约为0.78 :1时,可以获得最佳的改性效果,改性后体系的熔体流动速率(MFR)下降92.9%;改性PP的多项力学性能都有显著改善,其中拉伸强度提高12.9%,缺口冲击强度提高93%;改性使材料的发泡性能得到显著提高,采用反应共混改性PP可获得泡孔大小约100μm,泡沫密度在0.44g/cm3左右,且分布均匀,闭孔率高的发泡材料.     

EVA/EPDM/CPE亚微相态及其交联发泡材料的力学性能

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和氯化聚乙烯(CPE)经熔融共混和注射,用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)引发交联,同时经偶氮二碳酰胺(AC)发泡成交联发泡材料,其力学性能与配方、交联发泡温度和时间有关,较适宜的温度为440 K～450 K,最佳的温度和时间分别为448 K和360 s.通过HAAKE密炼机研究了共混物熔体的转矩随混炼时间和温度的变化,并用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了共混物的亚微形态结构,结果表明,当共混入2%～5%的CPE时有较好的粘弹性匹配和相容性,可提高10%～25%的力学性能.     

聚丙烯种类对硅烷交联PP/POE(EPDM)共混材料性能的影响

目的 针对聚丙烯原料的选择对硅烷交联PP/POE(EPDM)共混材料性能的影响,进行系统的研究分析。方法 固定PP和POE(EPDM)的质量比为70∶30,添加VTMS,DCP,DBTDL的质量分数为1.5%,0.1%和0.1%,制备分别以PP-B和PP-H为基体材料的硅烷交联共混材料;研究2种共混材料的凝胶含量、结晶行为、流变性能、力学性能、微观结构等的差异,分析不同基体聚丙烯对硅烷交联聚丙烯共混材料力学性能产生影响的原因。结果 虽然PP-B的性能优于PP-H,但与POE(EPDM)硅烷交联后,PP-H在力学性能、热稳定性等方面优于PP-B,PP-B的交联程度更高。结论 在PP/POE(EPDM)硅烷交联材料的选择中,为了达到节省资源,并获得最佳性能的目的,应充分考虑聚丙烯原料种类对共混材料性能的影响,以选择出最优方案。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.