循环温度场下氢对TC4钛合金组织和性能的影响

由于TC4钛合金工件在冶炼、锻造、机械加工、热处理及周围环境中渗入一定数量的氢,含有氢的TC4工件在空间承受较大温差的循环作用,TC4工件的力学性能、组织状态及应力状态有可能发生变化,本文研究在空间温度场中氢含量对TC4工件的组织和力学性能的影响.     

医用酒精溶液对TC4钛合金力学性能的影响

在常温下对经医用酒精浸泡过的TC4钛合金试样进行单轴拉伸实验和超声疲劳实验,以研究医用酒精溶液对TC4钛合金力学性能的影响.单轴拉伸实验结果表明酒精对TC4钛合金的单轴拉伸力学性能影响极小,而经酒精浸泡再放置一段时间后,TC4钛合金的屈服强度有一定的变化.超声疲劳疲劳试验结果表明TC4钛合金经酒精浸泡后,其疲劳性能明显下降.酒精对TC4钛合金力学性能影响,是由于医用酒精降低了TC4钛合金内局部塑性,钛合金在酒精溶液中发生渗氢反应,使钛合金固溶氢浓度增加,在外载荷作用下,氢向材料缺陷处扩散富集,形成氢脆降低了材料局部塑性.     

电弧增材制造技术及其在TC4钛合金中的应用研究进展

增材制造是于20世纪80年代中期发展起来的一门新兴技术,因能快速精确地制造出形状复杂的结构件而受到广泛关注。电弧增材制造是以电弧为热源,采用逐层堆焊的方式制造出致密的金属构件,具有制造成本低廉、成形效率高的突出特点,在大尺寸、复杂零件的快速成形技术中表现出明显的优势,因而在航空航天、汽车船舶等领域有广阔的应用前景。TC4的化学活性高、热导率低、强度高,具有优异的综合力学性能,是应用最广泛的钛合金。TC4并不适合采用传统的加工方法制备,因此采用电弧增材制造的方法成形TC4结构件。但成形件典型的宏观组织为外延生长的柱状晶,导致其力学性能存在各向异性。本文综述了电弧增材制造的发展历史,结合该技术的特征及国内外研究现状,介绍了电弧增材制造TC4钛合金成形件的组织及性能方面的研究进展。     

TI-6Al-4V合金置氢-除氢组织与力学性能

为研究除氢处理对置氢钛合金组织与性能的影响,对Ti-6Al-4V合金在不同参数条件下进行了置氢与除氢处理,采用光学显微镜分析了置氢-除氢处理过程中Ti-6Al-4V合金微观组织的演化规律,通过室温拉伸试验研究了置氢-除氢处理后Ti-6Al-4V合金的力学性能,探讨了Ti-6Al-4V合金置氢-除氢组织与力学性能之间的相...     

典型α+β钛合金组织对静态和动态性能的影响

α+β钛合金具有优异的综合性能,在航空航天、生物医学、船舶及国防工业等领域得到了广泛的应用.α+β钛合金的强度、塑性、冲击韧性以及断裂韧性主要取决于其内部的显微组织.因此,阐明α+β钛合金组织和性能之间的关系,对设计性能优异的材料至关重要.本文主要综述了TC21、TC4、TC11、TC4-DT等典型两相钛合金的组织与静态和动态力学性能之间关系的研究进展,并指出研究中存在的问题,以期为获得两相钛合金的理想显微组织和优异的力学性能提供理论指导.     

退火处理对激光沉积制造TC4钛合金组织及力学性能影响EI北大核心CSCD

以TC4球形粉末为原料,采用激光沉积制造技术制备TC4钛合金厚壁件。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了退火处理对激光沉积制造TC4显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:试样经α+β两相区退火处理后,显微组织为网篮组织,经β单相区退火后,组织转变为魏氏组织;退火试样力学性能仍存在各向异性:Z向试样强度较低,塑性较好,而XY向试样强度高,塑性较差,退火温度对试样的各向异性具有明显影响;XY向试样拉伸性能存在较明显的分散性;α+β两相区退火处理后两个方向上均为韧性断裂,β单相区退火处理后试样强度与塑性大幅下降,且XY向试样为脆性断裂。     

高强度钢零件加工时的脱氢方法

钢中的氢是影响物理性能和力学性能的有害元素.氢与拉应力共同作用时,在零件加工或使用中存在着氢脆及氢裂的危险性. 零件的化学成份、组织、强度、受力状况,几何形状、残余应力分布、氢的存在形态、内部缺陷性质及使用环境不同,氢脆及氢裂的敏感性也各不相同.零件内部含氢量越高,氢脆及氢裂的倾向性越大;零件强度水平性越高,应力集中系数越大,氢脆及氢裂所需的临界氢浓度和临界应力越低.大量的试验及故障分析中发现,高强度钢即使含氢量低于1ppm时,也会导致氢脆及氢裂,因此降低含氢量就显得格外重要. 要降低高强度钢零件中的含氢量,首先必须选用含氢量低的原材料,其次在加工时应尽量减少吸氢,选用少吸氢或不吸氢的工艺条件.但在实际生产中,零件的焊接,热     

激光熔覆修复对TC4钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

为了研究激光熔覆修复对TC4钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,采用激光熔覆技术,通过逐层堆积TC4钛粉,对TC4钛合金板表面凹槽进行修复。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分别观测试样的微观结构和疲劳断口,采用疲劳裂纹扩展实验测定试样裂纹长度与循环次数,利用修正的七点递增多项式拟合法获得每组3个试样在相同裂纹长度下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。实验结果表明:激光修复区由β晶粒和沿晶界连续分布的α相组成,属于典型的魏氏组织,热影响区由等轴的α晶粒和β转变组织组成,属于典型的双态组织;同母材相比,激光熔覆修复件疲劳裂纹扩展速率显著降低。TC4钛合金熔覆修复件抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力的提高归因于魏氏组织断裂韧性高和双态组织优异的综合力学性能。     

TC4薄壁壳体真空等温成形研究

对TC4合金薄壁壳体真空等温成形进行数值模拟,根据模拟结果进行真空等温成形试验。以传统热冲压成形的壳体及TC4原始板材为对比,分析了真空等温成形壳体的力学性能、微观金相和杂质元素含量。结果表明,相比热冲压成形,真空等温成形的TC4合金薄壁壳体的H元素含量降低83%,O元素含量降低55%;力学性能良好,延伸率提高了50%;金相组织为均匀的等轴组织。     

TC4钛合金EB铸坯板材轧制组织及性能研究

通过工艺试验,金相组织分析和力学性能测试,对轧制过程中组织演变及成品性能进行了研究,验证了低成本EB锭钛合金加工可获得标准要求的高性能TC4钛合金板材.使用TC4钛合金EB铸坯制备出质量符合GB/T3621-2007《钛及钛合金板材》标准要求的4mm厚度规格热轧板.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。