诱导结构对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管轴向压溃特性影响的研究

建立了泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的有限元模型,利用试验对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的有限元模型的准确性进行了验证。研究了诱导结构的类型和数量对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的轴向压溃变形模式、初始峰值力、压溃力效率和能量吸收能力的影响,结果表明:设计诱导结构可以提高能量吸收能力、减小初始峰值力、增加压溃力效率,甚至可以改变压溃变形模式。沿薄壁方管的轴向方向合理地增加诱导结构的数量,可以进一步的减小初始峰值力、增加压溃力效率、提高结构的能量吸收能力。通过等级评价方法,确定沿薄壁方管的轴向方向设计4组诱导四角方孔可以使泡沫铝填充薄壁方管获得最佳的综合吸能特性。     

基于ADINA的轴向冲击载荷下薄壁方管屈曲分析

根据屈曲分析的有限元基本理论并基于有限元分析软件ADINA对轴向冲击载荷下薄壁方管进行动力屈曲分析。ADINA的动力屈曲有限元分析分为前处理、求解和后处理三个部分。前处理包括设置单元属性、创建模型、网格划分、定义接触、定义初始条件与约束和设定求解时间。利用ADINA软件进行前处理文件输出提交求解。使用ADINA-Processing对速度进行刷新、演示模拟动画过程并查看分析结果。分析结果表明:基于ADINA对轴向冲击载荷作用下薄壁方管动力屈曲特性分析结果与实验结论相符,该成果对研究冲击载荷作用下薄壁方管的动力屈曲特性具有一定的理论与指导意义。     

纤维铺层角度对复合材料薄壁圆管轴向压溃吸能特性影响研究

研究T700/3234复合材料薄壁圆管轴向压溃吸能特性受纤维铺层角度变化的影响规律。开展复合材料力学性能试验和薄壁圆管轴向准静态压溃试验。通过对比圆管轴向压溃峰值载荷及比吸能等指标的试验结果,验证建立的复合材料圆管有限元模型和分析方法。基于验证的有限元分析方法,探讨了复合材料纤维铺层角度的变化对薄壁圆管轴向压溃吸能特性的影响规律。结果表明,在准静态轴向压缩载荷下,随着纤维铺层角度的增大,比吸能先增大后减小;纤维角度为±45°时,初始峰值载荷最低,载荷效率最高,圆管易于进入渐进破坏吸能阶段。研究结果可为复合材料纤维铺层角度设计及复合材料薄壁结构有限元建模提供参考。     

CFRP薄壁C型柱轴向压缩破坏机制及吸能特性

为研究碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）薄壁C型柱轴向压缩破坏机制及吸能特性,制备了4种铺层方式、3种厚度组合共12种T700/MTM28 CFRP薄壁C型柱试件。考察C型柱低速轴向压缩过程中的失效模式及载荷变化,通过比较初始峰值载荷、平均压缩载荷、比吸能和载荷效率,分析铺层数及铺层角度对C型柱失效模式及吸能特性的影响。结果表明,纯0°铺层C型柱在轴压载荷作用下发生整体失稳,不具备实际意义上的能量吸收作用;0°/90°铺层、±45°铺层、45°/90°/-45°/0°铺层试件均发生了渐进式破坏,呈现出局部屈曲叠缩的失效模式。其中,45°/90°/-45°/0°铺层的C型柱比吸能随铺层数的增加而增加,具有更大的吸能设计与应用潜力。     

轴向时变冲击载荷作用下直杆弹性动力屈曲研究

基于应力波理论,用半解析半数值方法对轴向时变冲击载荷作用下的直杆进行研究,给出了一种利用压应力波前附加约束条件求解轴向时变载荷作用下直杆弹性动力屈曲问题的方法。以三角脉冲载荷作用下的直杆为例,对其临界屈曲长度、初始屈曲模态和动力特征参数进行了求解,探讨了脉冲载荷峰值和载荷持续时间对临界屈曲长度和屈曲模态的影响。总结了三角脉冲载荷作用下直杆弹性动力屈曲的规律,并与阶跃载荷作用下的情况进行对比分析,结果与之前文献研究结果吻合良好。     

充液金属薄壁圆柱壳轴向压缩屈曲性能实验研究

本文报导了充液金属薄壁圆壳轴向压缩屈曲性能的探索性实验研究，实验表明，由于壳内封闭液体存在，相比内空的金属薄壁圆柱壳屈曲性能表现出极大差异，如临界载荷有所提高，特别是“下临界载荷”显著提高，屈曲模态呈对称形式，后屈曲过程一直保持在较高载荷水平等。     

轴向变厚度星形管吸能特征及多目标优化研究

提出了一种新型的轴向变厚度星形管,采用软件ABAQUS/Explicit对该结构有限元建模,并验证了模型的精度。系统研究了该结构在轴向冲击下的变形模式、力-位移和能量吸收等耐撞性能并分析了其关键耐撞性指标,开展了不同角数星形管在保持相同质量下的耐撞性能研究,采用多目标优化方法开展了星形管的优化研究。结果表明,所提出的轴向变厚度星形管相比常规的等壁厚星形管在降低初始峰值载荷和提升结构冲击载荷效率方面具有很大优势,多目标优化得到的最优设计相比原始设计的耐撞性能得到了有效改善,比能量吸收最大提升了6.02%,初始峰值载荷最高减少了39.56%。该研究能为轴向变厚度吸能结构设计提供参考。     

轴压薄壁加筋圆柱壳结构优化设计研究

分别建立了轴向载荷作用下正置正交薄壁加筋圆柱壳结构优化设计的数学模型和有限元分析模型,应用Ansys软件进行优化计算,讨论了外载荷、材料屈服极限对优化设计的影响,以及结构参数对薄壁加筋圆柱壳结构的临界载荷和屈曲模式的影响。基于有限元分析的研究结论,发展了一种薄壁加筋圆柱壳结构优化设计方法,给出设计算例的优化结果,并将两...     

金属纤维钩织复合结构压缩行为分析

目的 针对金属薄壁复合管在轴向压缩时初始峰值载荷高、吸能效果不佳、结构耐撞性不好等问题,研究金属纤维钩织复合结构以及填充6063铝合金管试件的轴向准静态压缩行为和吸能特性。方法 利用短针钩织与烧结工艺制备不同孔隙率的金属纤维钩织结构,将它们填充到6063薄壁管之后,在万能试验机上进行轴向压缩试验,引入评价指标,对试验数据进行处理分析。结果 孔隙率为85.9%、87.9%、89.4%的金属纤维钩织结构的初始峰值力分别为0.48、0.38、0.32 kN,平均压缩力分别为0.72、0.55、0.45 kN。它们的初始峰值力和平均压缩力都非常小,都小于0.8 kN。然而,它们的压缩力效率非常高,分别为1.5、1.45、1.41。初始峰值力、平均压缩力和压缩力效率均随孔隙率的增加而减小。这一特性有利于提高结构的耐撞性,表明不存在初始冲击效应,能够直接进入吸能阶段。结论 通过填充金属纤维钩织结构,可以在初始峰值力几乎没有增加的情况下提高6063管材的准静态耐撞性。此外,钩织结构孔隙率对金属纤维钩织结构的准静态力学行为有明显影响。     

铺层顺序对复合材料薄壁圆管轴向压溃吸能特性的影响研究

采用仿真和试验相结合的方法探讨复合材料薄壁圆管在准静态轴向压缩载荷下的失效吸能特性和吸能机理。首先,建立复合材料薄壁圆管"层合壳"有限元模型,通过显式动力学方法求解其在准静态轴向载荷下的压溃失效力学行为。仿真与试验结果在圆管轴向压溃变形过程、初始峰值载荷、平均压溃载荷及比吸能等主要吸能参数上具有很好的一致性,验证了"层合壳"复合材料圆管有限元模型和建模方法的有效性。其次,采用解析模型与仿真分析方法分别对[0/90]_3s、[0/90/0₂/90₂]_s、[0₃/90₃]_s三种不同铺层顺序的复合材料圆管的屈曲载荷与吸能特性进行了对比,进一步分析了铺层顺序对圆管失效吸能特性的影响。研究表明,0°与90°铺层交替程度对复合材料圆管的吸能特性影响较大,保证纤维失效方式在结构宏观失效中占主导地位能够提高材料失效吸收能量。     

Energy absorption of an axially crushed square tube with a buckling initiator

Axially crushed thin-walled square tubes have been widely used as energy absorbers because of their high specific energy absorption capacity and long stroke. However, they render extremely high initial peak forces which may cause serious injury or damage to the people or structures being protected. This paper proposes a novel idea that by installing a buckling initiator near the impact end which is composed of a pre-hit column and pulling strips, the initial peak force of the square tube could be greatly reduced while its deformation mode and excellent energy absorption are retained. Both experimental and numerical investigations are conducted on aluminum alloy square tubes. The peak force, mean force and half-length of a fold of the tested specimens are examined. The results show that the mean crushing force and deformation mode are not affected by the buckling initiator, while the reduction of the peak force strongly depends on the pre-hit height. It is also found that the buckling initiator can ensure the deformation more stable and uniform. Finally, a simplified analytical model is developed to study the relationship between the reduction of the peak force and the geometric imperfections; and the model can successfully predict the effectiveness of the buckling initiator.     

Crashworthiness assessment of auxetic foam-filled tube under quasi-static axial loading

This present study investigates experimentally and numerically the crush response and energy absorption performances of auxetic foam-filled square tubes under quasi-static axial loading. Three different structures: empty, conventional and auxetic foam-filled square tubes have been compared and examined with respect to the deformation modes and load–displacement curves. Standard compression tests were conducted on the tubes to evaluate the influence of auxetic foam in the energy absorption of empty tubes. Moreover, results from computer simulation have also been supplemented to further examine the abovementioned effect. It is discovered that the auxetic foam-filled square tube is superior to empty and conventional foam-filled square tubes in terms of all studied crashworthiness indicators.     

Dynamic simulation and energy absorption of tapered thin-walled tubes under oblique impact loading

In real-world impact loading situations the structure could be subjected to both axial and off-axis loads. Tapered thin-walled rectangular tubes have been considered desirable impact energy absorbers due to their ability to withstand oblique impact loads as effectively as axial loads. Despite this, relatively few studies have been reported on the response of such structures under oblique loading. The aim of this paper is to compare the energy absorption response of straight and tapered thin-walled rectangular tubes under oblique impact loading, for variations in the load angle, impact velocity and tube dimensions. It is found that the mean load and energy absorption decrease significantly as the angle of applied load increases. Nevertheless, tapering a rectangular tube enhances its energy absorption capacity under oblique loading. The outcome of the study is design information for the use of straight and tapered thin-walled rectangular tubes as energy absorbers in applications where oblique impact loading is expected.     

Axial crushing of hollow and foam filled tubes: An overview

Herein, a detailed review of the past studies carried out on crushing and energy absorption behaviour of hollow and foam filled tubes under axial compression is presented. Importance of such investigation is discussed for understanding the research need and to develop suitable alternatives. The focus of review is the deformation mechanism and energy absorption of hollow circular and square tubes, foam filled circular and square tubes notably. Comprehensive review on the various deformation modes for these tubes under axial impact load and effect of foam filling is presented. The review includes the various parameters affecting the peak load and energy absorption. Although various other forms of energy absorbing materials and structures exist such as composites, multi-wall tubes and honeycombs, these are not within the scope of present review. This paper intends to provide assistance in design and development of empty and foam filled tubes as effective energy absorbers. Further, this paper provides the necessary information for designers to understand the deformation of such tubes.     

薄壁圆锥管轴向压缩吸能特性研究

研究薄壁圆锥管轴向压缩吸能特性有助于其合理广泛应用于抗冲击、抗振动结构中。轴向倾角是使得圆锥管轴向压缩性能有别于直管的主要因素。当轴向倾角小于临界角度时,圆锥管平均轴向压缩力随倾角增加而变大但最大初始轴力会线性减小;吸能稳定因子随倾角增加而提高,但是比吸能却相应非线性降低。圆锥管在轴向压缩时过程中存在三种典型变形模式,分别为“钻石-堆叠”模式,“钻石-嵌套”模式及“环形-嵌套”模式,通过对“环形-嵌套”模式变形过程的观测及变形机理分析,建立了相应的理论模型,基于该理论模型给出了圆锥管“环形-嵌套”模式变形时吸能特性的预测方法。     

Crushing of axially compressed steel tubes filled with aluminium foam

Summary This study, with the emphasis on experiments, investigates the applicability of aluminium foam as filler material in tubes made of mild steel having square or circular cross sections, which are crushed axially at low loading velocities. In addition to the experiments finite element studies are performed to simulate the crushing behaviour of the tested square tubes, were a crushable foam material model is shown to be suitable for describing the inelastic response of aluminium foam with respect to the considered problems. The experimental results for the square tubes reveal efficiency improvements with respect to energy absorption of up to 60%, resulting from changed buckling modes of the tubes and energy dissipation during the compression of the foam material itself. The principal features as well as the changes of the crushing process due to filling can also be studied by the numerical simulations. A global failure mechanism due to a high foam density can be observed for filled circular tubes. Aluminium foam is shown to be a suitable material for filling thin-walled tubular steel structures, holding the potential of enhancing the energy absorption capacity considerably, provided the plastic buckling remains characterized by local modes.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Franz Ziegler on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Axial capacity and crushing behavior of metal–fiber square tubes – Steel,stainless steel and aluminum with CFRP

Composite metal-carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tubes combine the benefits of the high strength to weight ratio of the fiber/resin composite and the stable, ductile plastic collapse mechanism of the metal, to form a composite tube with high strength and energy absorption capability. This paper investigates the axial capacity and crushing behavior of square hollow section (SHS) tubes composed of composite steel-CFRP, stainless steel-CFRP and aluminum-CFRP. Experiments of tubes with different metal SHS geometries and two different matrix layouts of carbon fibers are described, and a general theory to predict the compression buckling, axial capacity, axial collapse and mean crush load of metal–fiber square tubes is developed and validated against the experimental results. It is shown that carbon fiber may be successfully externally bonded to metal SHS, and such application may be provided to improve the performance of existing structures, or to design new structures with enhanced strength-weight and energy absorption-weight ratios. Comparisons are made between the performance of the different types of metals, SHS geometries and carbon fiber matrix layouts.     

Dynamic buckling of elastic–plastic square tubes under axial impact—II: structural response

Dynamic elastic–plastic buckling of thin-walled square tubes is studied from the viewpoint of elastic–plastic stress wave propagation, which originates from an axial impact loading. The influence of the impact velocity and the striking mass on the development of the buckling shape is discussed when considering the transient deformation process. It is shown that the maximum load, which results from a high velocity impact load and occurs at t=0, is a function of the impact velocity and is related to the speed of the elastic–plastic stress waves propagating along the tube. The predictions for the initiation of buckling based on a numerical simulation of the axial impact of strain rate insensitive square tubes using the FE code ABAQUS show good agreement with the results from experiments on aluminium alloy tubes impacted at various initial velocities. A comparison between the buckling initiation in square tubes and geometrically equivalent circular tubes reveals differences in the response, which are attributed to the stress wave propagation phenomena and to the structural differences between the two structures.     

Numerical investigation of the response of sandwich-type panels using thin-walled tubes subject to blast loads

The response of a novel lightweight panel design under blast loading is numerically investigated. The sandwich-type panel uses thin-walled square tubes as the core material with mild steel outer plates. A parametric study is carried out with ABAQUS/Explicit to examine the effects and interaction between design variables in three different tube layouts. Tube position, thickness and aspect ratio as well as top plate thickness are varied. Buckling stability and absorption performance are shown to be highly sensitive to tube placement due to interaction effects between the top plate and tubes. For each panel an optimal tube positioning is obtained corresponding to nearly perfect axial progressive symmetric tube buckling. Tube thickness is shown to influence the onset of buckling and hence affects the stability of the core, while energy absorption performance is also highly configurable. Tube aspect ratio shows only a small effect on core buckling stability and energy absorption. Top plate thickness influences absorber performance significantly while having a small effect on buckling stability. A simple theoretical analysis is presented and shows reasonable agreement with the numerical simulations.