基于参考模型的自适应环境噪声处理

本文讨论了一种带有参考通道的自适应环境噪声滤波器原理，该滤波器采用最小均方误差(LMS)算法。将此滤波器应用于复杂噪音背景的语音信号提取，能很好地抑制背景噪声，从而获得清晰的语音信号。     

大型制氧机组噪声控制

一、前言 武钢氧气厂制氧机组(A、B台)噪声为98～108dB(A),室外气体放散噪声达126dB(A),不但影响职工健康和生产效率,而且使附近居民不得安宁,鸡不下蛋,农产量下降,引起有关部门重视。90年武钢立项治理,要求机房内噪声降至90dB(A)以下,环境噪声降至75dB(A)以下,操作室内噪声降至65dB(A)以下。     

噪声谱估计算法对语音可懂度的影响

噪声谱估计是单通道语音增强算法的关键步骤,当前大部分语音增强算法旨在提高语音质量,提高语音可懂度的算法却很少。在传统的单通道语音增强算法中,语音质量的提高往往是以牺牲语音的可懂度为代价的。对目前主流的几种噪声谱估计算法对语音可懂度影响进行分析。在不同噪声背景、不同信噪比情况下进行噪声谱估计,并采用谱减法对含噪语音信号作去噪处理,对比分析不同噪声、不同信噪比下增强前后语音的短时客观可懂度(Short-Time Objective Intelligibility,STOI)值,最后根据信噪比,对比分析了不同噪声环境下,语音增强前后语音能量高于噪声能量的时频块所占比例。实验表明,相比其他噪声估计算法,最小统计(Minima Statistics,MS)算法由于保留了更多的以语音能量为主的时频块,使得去噪后的语音有较高的可懂度。     

语音模糊消噪算法

针对加性有色噪声,提出了语音信号模糊消噪算法;建立并训练了一个语音模糊消噪系统——自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）;用其对含噪语音中的有色噪声进行模糊估计,从而提取出干净的语音。对算法进行了仿真实验,结果表明,对模拟有色噪声在-17dB时能提取出清晰的语音。     

论木工车间全面综合治理

一前言木工机具包括带锯、圆盘锯、平刨、压刨、开样机、截料机等机械化木工加工设备，这些机械运转时，噪声值均很高，空转噪声也达90至95dB（A），负荷下高达100至110dB（A）以上，严重损害长时间在这种环境下工作的工人的身心健康，而车间向外辐射的噪声更严重，污染了周围居民区，最高时噪声高达81dB（A），形成与四邻关系紧张。国内目前治理噪声，一般采取全封闭式，以防噪声外泄。或从设备本身声源上加以改造，降低设备出厂噪声值，但噪声达标出厂的机具尚未见。另外，木工车间里面有生产人员，如采取门窗全封闭后，夏季室内不通风…     

基于声学特性的灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组噪声信号采集系统设计

大量程、高精度的噪声信号采集是基于声学特性的灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组故障诊断的前提。为此,该文设计一种灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组噪声信号采集系统,介绍噪声信号采集系统原理,完成基于两级分段组合的放大电路设计,解决传统单级调理电路不易实现全量程、大动态范围信号放大的问题,给出详细的信号放大电路、滤波电路等参数设计方法和采集卡A/D转换器分辨率计算方法。仿真和现场测试表明:该发电机组噪声采集系统的测量范围为20-140 dB,最大级线性误差为0.3 dB,可为后续基于声学谱分析的故障诊断提供可靠的数据。     

北京市公交车站噪声环境特性

为研究北京市公交站台噪声谱特性,对北京公交67路14个站台声学特性进行测量分析。结果显示,对象公交站台等效声级L Aeq处于较高水平,均值达76.5 dB(A),峰值与本底分别为78.5 dB(A)和67.1 dB(A)。频谱分析结果显示,站台噪声具有明显的低频特征;进一步分析存在若干较强的基频成分：低频段约在31.5 Hz与80 Hz附近,高频段则以8 kHz为代表。     

凸版轮转印刷机噪声控制

在印刷业中,各生产工序采用的机器设备种类繁多,噪声各异.经调查,其中大部分印刷机辐射的噪声级在85～90dB(A)以下.唯有凸版轮转印刷机和纸型打版机辐射的噪声级较高,在印刷工人操作处的噪声级达96～105dB(A),远远超过《工业企业噪声卫生标准》要求.印刷飞墨的影响及通风降温等因素都给噪声治理带来一定的难度.     

基于子带分析稳健的说话人识别

针对说话人识别系统易受噪声干扰的问题,考虑语音的非平稳特性,以语音信号各个频段区间所含有信号能量大小和所携带信息量多少的不同为前提假设,以大量的试验为基础,研究语音信号各个子带对噪声的稳健性、所含信息的充分性。研究发现,语音信号的低频区携带大量的说话人个性信息,并且能量集中,不易被噪声干扰,再通过适当地处理,使系统在10dB信噪比下识别率超过90％。     

胶南水泥厂球磨机的噪声控制

山东胶南水泥厂现有三台φ1830×6400大型球磨机,采用通风隔声罩后,单机噪声级由103～105dB(A)降为85dB(A),三台球磨机同时运行时,车间内平均噪声级降为90dB(A),降噪效果明显。本文就球磨机的单机噪声特性及降噪设计简略地介绍,以供参考。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.