不等间距球面相控阵列次声波聚焦特性研究

在声场计算理论与伪逆矩阵算法的基础上,设计了一种新型的圆周间距和不同圆周阵元间距呈等差数列的不等间距排列的球面相控阵列,用于次声波聚焦。仿真结果表明：与球面等间距阵列相比,在保持基本相等的主瓣宽度下,具有较高的声强增益、较低的旁瓣和较好的聚焦性能。     

基于圆环阵列的声场仿真及校准实验

针对圆环阵列中声波多途效应难以消除的问题,提出了采用不等间距圆环阵列的方法破坏声波各径的相干性来降低旁瓣性能,减少边缘衍射反射的干扰。通过仿真验证不等间距圆环阵列能够有效降低聚焦波束旁瓣,并根据仿真结果设计最佳环形阵列结构。最后,在实验水池中对圆环阵列进行声场校准实验,分别利用脉冲波与连续波在4～8kHz频率下激励换能器阵列工作,结果表明采用脉冲正弦信号激励的方法可在有限空间内准确测量换能器的轴向声压的特性。     

基于半稀疏矩阵的聚乙烯管超声阵列全聚焦成像实验分析

高密度聚乙烯管广泛用于燃气输送等领域,其热熔接头的焊接质量直接影响管道系统的安全。采用全聚焦成像方法对高密度聚乙烯试块的横通孔缺陷进行成像实验,通过对检测信号进行信号预处理,提高全聚焦成像的效果,并提出一种基于半稀疏矩阵采集的超声阵列全聚焦成像方式,将该方式与基于全矩阵、半矩阵和稀疏矩阵采集方式的全聚焦成像结果进行比较。实验结果显示,基于半稀疏矩阵采集的全聚焦成像方法可有效降低计算量,提高实时检测效率,同样能够用于高密度聚乙烯材料中横通孔缺陷的重构且成像信噪比无明显降低。     

畸变直线阵阵增益计算及仿真研究

阵增益是直线阵最重要的技术指标之一,理想直线阵以半波长布阵,阵增益为阵元数的函数。阵形畸变导致阵元间距发生改变,使直线阵增益显著下降,一方面由于各阵元接收信号的相位差发生变化,另一方面因为各阵元接收信号的相关性改变。从理想阵形情况直线阵的增益出发,并假设阵形畸变不改变各阵元接收信号的相关性,给出了畸变直线阵信号增益、噪声增益和阵增益的计算方法。仿真了直线阵畸变为圆弧形,阵增益随畸变参数的变化情况,分析给出了信号从不同方向入射、阵形未知/已知时,阵增益与信号增益、噪声增益变化的关系。     

相位共轭方法的声源定位分辨率研究

相位共轭方法可实现声波的反向传播和自适应聚焦,可用于声源定位。基于有限阵元平面阵列和球面阵列使用数值方法对相位共轭方法的定位分辨率进行了研究,研究了相位共轭阵列的形式及阵列与声源间距和声源定位分辨率的关系,还研究了在声源处设置声汇对噪声源定位分辨率的影响。数值结果表明:只有在近场测量声压梯度并使用偶极子源的相位共轭才能突破声波衍射极限分辨率;平面阵列距离点声源的距离越远分辨率越低,闭合球面阵列的分辨率不随阵列距离点声源距离的改变而改变;使用声汇后基于非近场测量也能突破声波衍射极限分辨率。     

基于全聚焦算法的混凝土超声阵列探测成像方法

混凝土结构内含有大量的砂石、骨料以及钢筋,形成多样性的声学界面,超声在混凝土结构中的信号成分复杂,且超声能量易衰减。为了提高混凝土检测分辨率与信噪比,提出基于全聚焦算法的混凝土超声阵列检测方法。首先通过建立混凝土有限元模型,开展混凝土超声阵列仿真研究,模拟一发多收方式依次激励阵列探头,并获得检测信号;然后,为了避免噪声以及相位带来的误差,对检测信号依次进行卷积滤波、波形包络分析及信号锐化处理,获得全矩阵数据;最后,按照全聚焦算法对全矩阵数据进行处理成像,显示模型检测结果。仿真实验结果显示,与合成孔径聚焦算法比较,提出的成像算法可以取得更高的分辨率与信噪比。     

基于协方差矩阵拟合的宽带无网格波达角估计

宽带波达角(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计是声呐系统阵列信号处理中一个重要的研究方向。文章提出了一种基于相干子空间的改进稀疏与参数方法(Coherent Signal-subspace based Modified Sparse and Parameter Approach,C-MSPA),以实现高精度和高空间方位分辨能力的宽带DOA估计。算法利用聚焦矩阵将各子带上的采样协方差矩阵投影至聚焦频率上。完成聚焦后,文章基于频率选择的范德蒙分解理论对协方差矩阵拟合准则进行改进,使重构的协方差矩阵中包含的DOA信息严格限制在聚焦区域内,最终对重构的协方差矩阵进行范德蒙分解,得到DOA估计值。所提出的算法无需选取正则参数,同时避免了基不匹配问题。仿真和湖上实测数据分析结果表明,所提出的方法实现了高空间方位分辨能力且提高了DOA估计精度。     

次声相控阵列的聚焦特性研究

研究了提高非致命次声武器聚束能力和声强增益的方法。利用抛物面本身的自聚焦性能优化设计了一种新型的抛物面不等间距阵列。基于声场理论,计算出阵列声压分布;采用伪逆矩阵算法,数值仿真了与抛物面阵列中心轴垂直截面上以及中心轴上不同位置的声压分布。研究结果表明,不等间距抛物面相控阵列相对于传统平面阵列而言,声强分布的半峰宽度减小了16.7%,并且声强增益提高了48.6%,是较为理想的组合声源。通过仿真模拟论证了抛物面阵列的优越性,进而为次声武器的设计及研究提供了理论基础。     

一种有效压缩十字阵二维角估计计算量的方法

针对平面阵在二维方向角估计中运算量大、影响系统实时性的问题.利用十字阵为两个直线阵构成的特点,提出了一种新的十字阵二维谱估计方法.通过间接求解,将二维方向角估计转化为两个独立直线阵的一维角估计.此方法无需二维谱峰搜索,大大减少了运算量,提高了阵列的分辨力.计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

水声聚焦相控阵列及其声场特性研究

针对超空泡鱼雷的流体动力受空泡包络形态强烈约束的特点,研究了一种用于扰乱其空化包络的水声聚焦相控阵列。首先讨论了水声聚焦相控阵列的设计要求,推导了凸球面相控阵换能器的声场传播公式,然后利用基于伪逆矩阵的声场合成算法对阵列的聚焦性能进行仿真,结果显示,在相同的阵列发射面积下,采用波束宽度较大的小阵元,可以相对提高声焦点处的压强和扩大有效聚焦区域,而阵列孔径对有效聚焦区域的影响较小,并给出了多焦点控制模式可能的应用。最后,用Logvinovich空泡截面独立扩张原理初步分析了强声波对抗超空泡鱼雷的作用机理。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.