激光束角漂移对频激光直线度测量的影响

利用惠更斯关于波面传播的理论，分析计算了双频激光渥拉斯顿棱镜直线度测量系统中激光束角漂移以及渥拉斯顿棱镜和双面反射镜倾角对测量精度的影响，得到了相应的结论。     

渥拉斯顿（Wollaston）棱镜出射光线夹角的测量

本文介绍了采用线阵ＣＣＤ传感器、微型计算机、激光器等组成的测量装置对渥拉斯顿棱镜出射光线夹角进行测量的新方法。用此方法比传统的测量方法测量准确度提高一个数量级。     

长距离同轴度测量方法及实验

本文介绍了一种新型的自适应双频激光同轴度测量系统，该系统利用两个完全对称的渥拉斯顿棱镜，一个作为测量元件，另一个作为补偿元件，采用比相技术处理测量信号，因而测量元件可以暂时移出光路，能够进行同轴度的测量，系统的光学设计使激光光束的平衡和角漂不影响测量结果，对激光的漂移有自适应性，两束干涉光基本符合共光路原则，因而对大气湍流，空气扰动的影响具有更强的适应性，可用于长距离直线度，同轴度的测量。该系统与     

外差干涉仪中光路调整的分析

分析了共光路外差干涉仪光路中几个组成元件的调整方法 ,包括入射光位置的调整、渥拉斯顿棱镜位置的调整、被测表面位置的调整等。     

物理金相三级人员试题

一　是非题(命题正确的在题后的括弧中打“ ”,谬误打“×”)1 .光学显微镜的光源已从钨丝白炽灯发展到卤素灯 ,拍照从碳弧灯发展到氙灯。 (　 )2 .在偏振光、暗场或 DIC条件下 ,卤素灯仍能满足操作要求。 (　 )3.在相同的物镜和目镜下 ,插入不同倍率的中间镜 ,即可变更所观察的放大倍数。 (　 )4.渥拉斯顿棱镜是由两块方形水晶组合而成。 (　 )5.DIC装置是由起偏镜、渥拉斯顿棱镜、物镜和检偏镜组成。 (　 )6.热染法可用来显示 Zn、Mg、Cu、Fe定向好的金属的晶粒位向。 (　 )7.渗碳、氮、硼等化学热处理后的渗层组织用热染法显示效果是…     

新型的激光多普勒信号检波系统

为解决超低频、微小振动的高精度测量与装调间的矛盾,提出了一种新型的激光多普勒信号检波系统。该系统通过一运动光栅的衍射,得到约40.5%的测量光强,用另一光栅的衍射消除两束差动光间的夹角以及光波长对测量精度的影响;频移﹑混频分开进行,保证系统装调更方便准确;用1/4波片﹑渥拉斯顿棱镜等得到相位差90°的正余弦信号,实现位移方向识别。实验得出,该系统振动频率和振幅测量精度均为1%,可测频率范围可达到0.5-500Hz,可测振幅范围:1μm-5mm。     

基于正交偏振光的瓦斯浓度传感器研究

介绍了瓦斯浓度传感器系统的基本原理,提出了基于正交偏振光的差分吸收式瓦斯浓度检测模型,建立了瓦斯浓度传感器的数学模型,设计了传感器系统结构以及光路和气室结构,并对传感器进行了实验研究.传感器系统利用起偏器将两束不同波长的单色光转变为正交偏振光,然后让这两束正交偏振光同时通过检测气室,最后用渥拉斯顿棱镜将两束单色光分开,...     

无棱镜全站仪测量技术在水利工程测量中的应用

无棱镜全站仪测量技术,在断面测量以及水利测量工作中应用很广。本文对这一技术进行全面的分析探索,讲述其对于测绘工作的有效帮助,有助于使生产力水平得到提高,使工作效率大大提高。本文对无棱镜应用在灌区时的工作状态,并给无棱镜测量在精度上进行科学的把握。     

Wollaston棱镜方位对激光干涉测量精度的影响

在双频激光干涉测量系统中,Ｗｏｌｌａｓｔｏｎ棱镜是不可缺少的重要光学元件,它可将双频激光按偏振方向分为测量光和参考光,从而实现高精度测量;但是,如果Ｗｏｌｌａｓｔｏｎ棱镜的安装方位相对入射光线方向以及与聚集透镜距离不同时,测量结果将会不同。本文结合表面粗糙度激光测量系统,从理论上定量分析了Ｗｏｌｌａｓｔｏｎ棱镜的安装方位对测量精度的影响。     

免棱镜全站仪在测绘中的应用

介绍免棱镜测量技术在测绘的应用情况,对免棱镜测量技术工作效率和免棱镜全站仪的特点以及应用中应注意的问题进行分析。     

Spectroscopic ellipsometer based on direct measurement of polarization ellipticity

A polarizer-sample-Wollaston prism analyzer ellipsometer is described in which the ellipsometric angles ψ and Δ are determined by direct measurement of the elliptically polarized light reflected from the sample. With the Wollaston prism initially set to transmit p- and s-polarized light, the azimuthal angle P of the polarizer is adjusted until the two beams have equal intensity. This condition yields ψ=±P and ensures that the reflected elliptically polarized light has an azimuthal angle of ±45° and maximum ellipticity. Rotating the Wollaston prism through 45° and adjusting the analyzer azimuth until the two beams again have equal intensity yields the ellipticity that allows Δ to be determined via a simple linear relationship. The errors produced by nonideal components are analyzed. We show that the polarizer dominates these errors but that for most practical purposes, the error in ψ is negligible and the error in Δ may be corrected exactly. A native oxide layer on a silicon substrate was measured at a single wavelength and multiple angles of incidence and spectroscopically at a single angle of incidence. The best fit film thicknesses obtained were in excellent agreement with those determined using a traditional null ellipsometer.     

Laser printer optics with use of slant scanning of multiple beams

Simultaneous scanning of multiple beams in an array is an effective method to realize high-speed and high-resolution printers. The arrayed multiple beams can be generated by devices such as grating, Wollaston prism, fiber array, and laser diode array. In any of these devices, the focused spots in an array have a period several tens of times larger than the spot diameter. We propose a simultaneous scanning method suitable for these devices in which the arrayed multiple beams are arranged in a slant angle to the scanning direction to produce consecutive scan lines. Laser print experiments with two or four beams were carried out, and high-performance printing of a 431.8-mm print width, 23.6 dot/mm (i.e., 600 dot/in.) resolution, and of 541-mm/s speed were realized.     

Analysis and design of modified Wollaston prisms

An exact analysis of the working parameters of a modified Wollaston prism is presented. Parameters include the output splitting angle, the retardation, and the location of the plane of the interference fringes (plane of apparent splitting). Results are presented for the entire range of optical axis inclinations and wedge angles. Approximate expressions from the literature are evaluated. An angle of incidence that causes the plane of the interference fringes to be perpendicular to the axis of the optical system is found for each configuration analyzed. This is then applied to the design of modified Wollaston prisms for Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy.     

Wollaston prism with large split angle

The image formation through a Wollaston prism with large split angle is studied. Formulas for the split angle, approximate calculations of aberrations, and ray tracings are used. The most important aberrations found are astigmatism and anamorphic distortion. Tilting the Wollaston with respect to the incident beam may reduce these aberrations, and if the orientation of the optical axis in the first element is varied it is possible to cancel one of the two aberrations for both images simultaneously, while the other one is substantially reduced. With an adequate adjustment of all the construction parameters the images become sharp enough to allow the use of large split angles (approximately 15 degrees).     

Design of a static Fourier-transform spectrometer with increased field of view

We present several novel designs of static Fourier-transform spectrometers based on Wollaston prisms. By numerical modeling we show the increased field of view that can be obtained when an achromatic half-wave plate is included between the prisms or when prisms fabricated from positive and negative birefringent materials are combined. In addition, we model how a single Wollaston prism with an inclined optic axis produces a fringe plane localized behind its exit face, thus enabling the design of a static Fourier-transform spectrometer based on a single Wollaston prism.     

双Wollaston棱镜的光程差及其色散

深入研究了的光程差与棱镜楔角以及空间变量-入射角三者的关系,并进行了计算机模拟.发现了对方解石构成的双Wollaston棱镜,光程差有较大的变化范围,光程差和入射角的关系有较好的线性的条件是:棱镜楔角在22°附近,入射角在-50°到10°范围内变化.然后对光程差的色散特性进行了分析和计算机模拟,结果表明,双Wollaston棱镜的光程差明显依赖于光波长,根据拟合结果它们的关系可以用三阶多项式来表述.本结果为偏振型空间调制干涉光谱仪的设计和应用提供了理论依据.     

High-performance nonscanning Fourier-transform spectrometer that uses a Wollaston prism array

A high-performance nonscanning Fourier-transform spectrometer is reported that is composed mainly of a Wollaston prism array and a two-dimensional photodetector array. It is a substantial improvement over existing Wollaston prism based nonscanning Fourier-transform spectrometers because it offers finer spectral resolution and smaller size. Such spectrometers will find important applications in remote chemical and biological sensing, environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis, etc. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical analyses.     

A Double Refracting Interference Microscope with Continuously Variable Amount and Direction of Wavefront Shear

A double refracting interference microscope, which is capable of giving uniform and fringe interference field with both the amount and direction of image duplication continuously variable, has been developed. A combination of two simultaneously acting birefringent prisms, separated by a half-wave plate and inserted between a polarizer and analyser, is used. One of these prisms, of the Nomarski type, is incorporated in objectives and is rotatable round the objective axis. Rotation of this prism enables the amount and direction of image duplication to be changed. The other prism, of the Nomarski or Wollaston type, is placed in the microscope tube and can be slid in a direction perpendicular to the microscope axis. This translation serves for shifting the phase of interfering light waves, for measuring the optical path difference between an object under investigation and its surrounding medium. As a source of coherent light a slit diaphragm located in the front focal plane of a condenser is used. Both the slit diaphragm and half-wave plate, as well as the polarizer, are rotatable around the microscope axis when the objective birefringent prism is turned. Advantages and application possibilities of this system are discussed.     

单频激光干涉仪四通道信号接收系统

在单频激光干涉仪四通道信号接收系统原理基础上，提出一种采用Wollaston棱镜的四通道信号接收系统。当使用偏振分光镜的四通道信号接收系统时，由于偏振混合现象，在信号接收的过程中会增加额外的误差。而Wollaston棱镜的自然物理特性提供了更好的分光性能，从而能降低偏振混合所带来的影响，提高了信号输出质量，并能简化接收系统中的光学元件。