常用插值在计量中的应用

一、引言通常情况下,检定规程、校准规范中所要求检定、校准的点不一定是企业实际应用中所需要利用的点。根据法定计量检定机构所出具的检定、校准证书中给出的检定、校准点的示值,我们可以通过插值方法合理计算得出企业实际应用中所需要点的示值。     

浅议如何应用检定和校准结果

本文针对企业在应用检定和校准结果这方面工作中普遍存在的认识误区,通过比较检定与校准的要求和应用的区别,正确认识检定证书、校准证书、测试证书的不同,分析如何依据工作需要进行选择,如何正确应用检定、校准结果,使检定、校准工作起到实际作用。     

转杯式轻便风速表检定的几个问题

引言DEM6型轻便三杯风向风速表检定规程(JJG431—86)已经国家计量局批准施行。规程中规定:风速表检定后要在检定证书上同时给出校准图线(即根据风速表在各检定点的指示风速和实际风速点图划线)和校准方程。本文仅就准确地求取校准方程和校准图线的方法进行一些讨论。     

检测实验室对检测设备检定／校准证书确认的必要性分析

检测设备的量值溯源方式包括检定和校准,实验室认可准则规定对检定/校准证书进行确认,为什么需要对检定/校准证书进行确认,确认的内容包括哪些方面,本文论述了检测实验室对检测设备检定/校准证书确认的必要性,以及确认时应该注意的问题。     

校准证书和检定证书的不同之处

正检定和校准是计量器具量值传递与量值溯源的两种方式。目前,法定计量检定机构对计量器具出具的主要是检定证书或校准证书。笔者在对一些单位的计量监督检查中发现,计量人员在工作中对两种证书的区别不是很清楚,往往把校准证书视为检定证书来使用。下面笔者简要说明两种证书的几处不同部分。一、采用的技术依据不同《计量法》明确规定,开展计量检定工作必须严格执行计量检定规程,并按照国家计量检定系统表进行;开展计量校准工作,应当使用与校准项目对应的、现行     

《检定证书》、《校准证书》结果的符合性评定

本文主要对我国目前存在《检定证书》、《校准证书》的检定结果和校准结果的符合性判断进行探讨。     

我国将正式使用“检定/校准证书”

本刊讯最近，国家技术监督局根据有关国际组织的文件要求，参考了一些国家计量检定、校准实验室出具的证书格式，并结合我国的实际情况，在广泛征求意见的基础上，制定了“检定／校准证书”格式，定于1996年7月1日正式使用。国家技术监督局在发布的通知中指出：一、“检定／校准证书”适用于各级政府计量行政部门依法设置的法定计量检定机构（含授权的计量检定机构）开展检定和校准时使用。二、“检定／校准证书”可根据用户（计量器具送检单位）的需要，先在省级及部分大中城市的法定计量检定机构中试用。三、使用“检定／校准证书”时必须…     

《检定证书》、《校准证书》结果的符合性评定

本文主要对我国目前存在《检定证书》、《校准证书》的检定结果和校准结果的符合性判断进行探讨.     

浅析检定/校准结果的评价

本文主要从了解仪器设备检定和校准证书的区别,从而加强认识,讲解如何做好对仪器设备检定和校准证书的评价工作。     

脉冲信号发生器自动检定/校准系统

脉冲信号发生器被广泛应用在电子测量和数据通信领域。利用Visual Basic高级语言，开发基于GPIB接口的脉；中信号发生器自动检定／校准系统。该系统能够完成对脉冲信号发生器的自动检定／校准，测量数据自动保存在数据库，实现检定／校准证书自动生成，利用网络打印检定／校准证书。     

Synthesis and luminescent properties of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates

We have synthesized a variety of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatometallates (titanates, zirconates, and hafnates). The alkali fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates have been shown to exhibit efficient roentgenoluminescence (RL) in the UV through visible spectral region, with a maximum at 390–440 nm. Their RL spectra depend significantly on their composition (cation, anion, and water content), coordination of KF and K₂SO₄, and relative amounts of fluorine and SO₄ groups. We have examined the effect of heat treatment on the RL of these compounds. The rubidium and cesium fluorosulfatozirconates Rb₃Zr₂F₉SO₄ · 2H₂O, Cs₂ZrF₂(SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O, Cs₈Zr₄F₂(SO₄)₁₁ · 16H₂O, and Cs₂ZrF₄SO₄ offer the most efficient RL.     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Heat and Mass Transfer and Modeling and Prediction of Environmental Catastrophes

Basic definitions and concepts of the physicomathematical theory of natural catastrophes are given. Possibilities of mathematical modeling of natural and technogenic catastrophes are discussed in the context of the theory of heat and mass transfer and the mechanics of reacting media. The importance of taking into account conjugate heat and mass exchange in modeling catastrophes is emphasized. A formula for evaluating the probability of a collisional catastrophe is given.     

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

The existence of multiple ferroic orders in the same material and the coupling between them have been known for decades. However, these phenomena have mostly remained the theoretical domain owing to the fact that in single-phase materials such couplings are rare and weak. This situation has changed dramatically recently for at least two reasons: first, advances in materials fabrication have made it possible to manufacture these materials in structures of lower dimensionality, such as thin films or wires, or in compound structures such as laminates and epitaxial-layered heterostructures. In these designed materials, new degrees of freedom are accessible in which the coupling between ferroic orders can be greatly enhanced. Second, the miniaturization trend in conventional electronics is approaching the limits beyond which the reduction of the electronic element is becoming more and more difficult. One way to continue the current trends in computer power and storage increase, without further size reduction, is to use multi-functional materials that would enable new device capabilities. Here, we review the field of multi-ferroic (MF) and magnetoelectric (ME) materials, putting the emphasis on electronic effects at ME interfaces and MF tunnel junctions.     

CellML and associated tools and techniques

We have, in the last few years, witnessed the development and availability of an ever increasing number of computer models that describe complex biological structures and processes. The multi-scale and multi-physics nature of these models makes their development particularly challenging, not only from a biological or biophysical viewpoint but also from a mathematical and computational perspective. In addition, the issue of sharing and reusing such models has proved to be particularly problematic, with the published models often lacking information that is required to accurately reproduce the published results. The International Union of Physiological Sciences Physiome Project was launched in 1997 with the aim of tackling the aforementioned issues by providing a framework for the modelling of the human body. As part of this initiative, the specifications of the CellML mark-up language were released in 2001. Now, more than 7 years later, the time has come to assess the situation, in particular with regard to the tools and techniques that are now available to the modelling community. Thus, after introducing CellML, we review and discuss existing editors, validators, online repository, code generators and simulation environments, as well as the CellML Application Program Interface. We also address possible future directions including the need for additional mark-up languages.     

The shape and stability of wall-bound and wall-edge-bound drops and bubbles

The behavior of wall-bound drops and bubbles is fundamental to many natural and industrial processes. Key characteristics of such capillary systems include interface shape and stability for a variety of gravity levels and orientations. Significant solutions are in hand for axisymmetric pendent drops for a variety of uniform boundary conditions along the contact line with gravity acting normal to a planar wall. The special case of a wall-bound drop or bubble that is also pinned at an edge (i.e. a ‘wall-edge-bound’ drop) is considered here where numerical solutions are obtained for interface shape and stability as functions of drop volume, contact angle, fluid properties, and uniform gravity vector. For a semi-infinite zero-thickness planar wall (plate), a critical contact angle is identified below which wall-edge-bound drops are always stable. The critical contact angle is computed as a function of the gravity vector. The numerical procedure, which makes no account for contact angle hysteresis, predicts that such wall-edge-bound drops are unconditionally unstable for any gravity field with a component that is tangent to the wall while inwardly normal to the edge. Select experiments are conducted that support the conclusions drawn from the numerical results.