新型液压成形技术的研究进展

针对我国航空航天、汽车及核电等关键领域对精密零部件的迫切需求,以及目前液压成形技术应用中遇到的常见问题和缺陷,提出研发针对异形空心零件的脉动液压成形技术,和适用于复杂曲面薄壁板类零件的高能率冲击液压成形技术。分别从技术原理、成形机制、工艺设备和应用领域等方面进行了阐述和介绍。研究结果表明,两种新型液压成形技术能够充分发挥控形与控性一体化的优势,避免成形过程中的材料失稳和产品缺陷,显著提高管材和板材的成形能力和成形质量,未来有望在汽车和航空领域得到更为广泛的应用。     

AZ80镁合金板材快速气压胀形工艺研究

快速气压胀形是一种源自超塑性气压胀形的新成形技术,为获得AZ80镁合金板材的快速气压胀形成形性能,以挤压-冷轧加工的AZ80镁合金板材为研究对象,采用半球件自由胀形实验研究了1.0 mm厚板材在250~400℃和0.4~1.6 MPa下的快速气压胀形能力,分析了半球件和盒形件的壁厚分布规律,并对快速气压胀形过程的断裂模式进行了研究.研究结果表明,AZ80镁合金板材在350℃下具有良好的快速气压胀形能力,在350℃、0.8 MPa下的胀形高度可达38 mm,高径比达到0.95,并得到胀破高度、胀形高度与胀形时间之间的关系.在此基础上,进行了1.2 mm厚板材的盒形件快速气压胀形实验,得到高20 mm的轮廓清晰、表面质量良好的胀形件.     

金属板材成形的静力隐式有限元分析与程序设计

阐述了用于板材成形过程静力隐式数值模拟的弹塑性大变形有限元方法,基于给出的方法编制了板材成形过程数值模拟软件,并对矩形板的液压胀形进行了有限元分析,计算结果与典型的实验结果吻合很好.对球形模具拉伸成形过程进行了数值模拟,给出了计算结果.     

可移动凹模对板材液压成形影响的研究

为了研究可移动凹模对板材液压成形的影响,进行了有无可移动凹模与不同可移动凹模加载方式(方式1与方式2)的板材液压成形试验.研究结果表明:比较有无可移动凹模对板材液压成形厚度分布的影响,在有可移动凹模时,成形零件厚度分布比较均匀,这种技术有利于提高板材的成形极限;没有可移动凹模,板材难于成形,尤其对于复杂零件;可移动凹模加载方式2比加载方式1更有利于板材厚度的均匀分布.     

柔性压辊拉形方式及其夹钳对板材成形的影响

为提高大型板类件拉形精度,介绍了传统整体夹钳拉形机的特点,提出了新型柔性压辊拉形原理.以球形件为例,分别对两种夹钳结构的拉伸成形过程建立有限元模型,并进行数值模拟,对比分析了两种夹钳结构作用下的成形结果.研究表明:柔性压辊拉形方式所得的成形件,其应力、应变分布均匀,成形质量较整体夹钳方式明显提高;而采用传统整体夹钳所成形的部件,其局部应力集中现象相对严重.利用柔性压辊拉形理论,分别对采用平板式结构夹钳和拉延筋式结构夹钳成形球形件的过程建立有限元模型并进行模拟分析,根据板材拉形过程的流动理论,对比分析两种夹持方式下板材的流动状态.研究发现:采用拉延筋式夹钳进行拉伸成形,处于夹钳中的板材流动效果较好;而利用平板式夹钳的成形过程中,板材流动量较小.实验验证结果与模拟结果趋势一致.     

高精度17-4PH不锈钢隔碗拉深液压胀形复合成形工艺参数优化

目的 针对17-4PH不锈钢冷成形回弹大、贴模性差等问题,研究17-4PH不锈钢隔碗零件的拉深成形和液压胀形规律,确定隔碗零件拉深液压胀形复合成形的最佳工艺及参数.方法 利用有限元方法确定并优化了拉深预成形和液压胀形中的工艺参数.基于优化后的结果设计并制造了相关的模具,最终通过试验验证了有限元方法的有效性.结果 结合数值模拟和试验的方法,提出了零件先拉深预成形、后液压胀形的多步成形方案,逐步优化了成形工艺参数,最终成形出了满足尺寸和精度要求的高精度隔碗零件.结论 通过数值模拟获得了最佳的坯料直径及多步成形中的关键工艺参数,基于数值模拟优化为主和试验验证为辅的设计制造理念,解决了17-4PH不锈钢冷成形回弹大和贴模性差的问题.     

基于YX28-400/650C双动液压机的板材液压成形装备的研制

板材液压成形技术以其工艺柔性高、制件质量好、成本低等优点在汽车、航空航天等领域得到应用,应用前景十分广阔.针对基于YX28-400/650C型双动压力机的充液拉深装备进行研究,介绍了它的总体方案设计、模具结构特点、液压系统和自控系统及使用情况.     

复杂曲面件多向加载液压成形技术

为了满足航天、航空、汽车等领域对深腔复杂曲面板材零件的迫切需求,研发了多向加载液压成形新技术。介绍了该技术原理、变形规律和典型成形件,分析了多向加载液压成形液压加载方式对变形均匀性、起皱行为、成形极限和应力变化的影响规律。研究表明,该技术在提高成形极限和成形精度,改善壁厚分布和变形均匀性,减少成形道次等方面,具有十分广阔的应用潜力。     

半球形件粘性介质压力成形的数值模拟研究

粘性压力成形技术是金属板材成形领域里新近出现的一种先进的加工工艺.对双面施放粘性介质的板材胀形进行了模拟研究,在双面施放介质的板材粘性介质胀形时,排放孔位置分布对毛坯成形过程有明显的影响.排放孔位置分布的不同造成模腔内介质的速度场不同,进而导致板材不同部位的流动速度的方向大小发生变化,最终使成形件的厚度分布不同.     

镁合金板件温热成形技术的几个新进展

介绍了镁合金薄壁板材的温热冲压成形技术、温热液压成形技术和局部热冲锻成形技术.与传统镁合金冲压成形在250℃以上温度不同,温热成形可以在105～170℃之间进行,筒形件温热成形时其极限拉深比可达1.4～2.6,可以满足大多数镁合金薄板件的成形需要.镁合金薄板温热成形工艺在电子器件外壳和汽车薄板件的生产方面具有很好的发展前景,可以取代压铸技术生产新一代优质的镁合金产品.温热液压成形技术适合生产数码相机壳等复杂形面的镁合金板件,有很好的应用前景.局部热冲锻成形技术可以成形局部带有凸台的镁合金薄板件,该技术使镁合金板件具有替代压铸件的技术优势.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.