热等静压工艺参量对ZTC4钛合金组织的影响规律

通过定量金相方法系统研究了热等静压温度、时间、压力等工艺参量对ZTC4钛合金显微组织的影响规律.结果表明:相对于ZTC4钛合金原始铸态组织,经过热等静压处理后试样的β晶粒尺寸和α片层厚度均明显长大.随着热等静压温度的升高和保温时间的延长,β晶粒尺寸和α片层厚度分别增长了40～70μm和0.6～1μm,并且增长趋势呈近线...     

铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大现象研究进展

汽车轻量化技术的快速发展,使铝合金得到了广泛应用。在铝合金成形过程中,往往会出现热成形晶粒异常长大现象。为解决目前普遍存在的铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大问题。研究了铝合金拼焊热成形晶粒异常长大的理论基础,基于晶粒异常长大的影响因素,重点探讨了铝合金拼焊热成形晶粒异常长大的原因。着重介绍了铝合金热锻造临界变形粗晶现象、控制方法以及数值仿真模拟进展。最后提出了铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大的问题和发展方向。     

TiB2.TiAl3/2024Al复合材料多向锻造数值模拟研究

目的 研究TiB2.TiAl3/2024Al复合材料多向锻造金属流动行为,以及锻造温度、锻造道次对复合材料再结晶行为及基体晶粒尺寸的影响。方法 将TiB2.TiAl3/2024Al复合材料的本构模型及再结晶动力学模型导入Deform-3D有限元模拟软件中,建立复合材料多向锻造的数值仿真模型。通过数值仿真方法分析锻造温度和锻造道次对复合材料多向锻造组织的影响规律。结果 多向锻造变形过程中,剧烈塑性变形和动态再结晶主要分布在材料试样内部的呈“X”形状的区域,单次下压最大等效应变为1.42。锻造1道次时,锻造温度从350 ℃升至500 ℃,再结晶体积分数从65.0%升至69.7%,平均晶粒尺寸由350 ℃的24.6 μm降至500 ℃的21.5 μm。在450 ℃锻造温度下,1道次锻造后,再结晶体积分数为69.2%,平均晶粒尺寸由铸态的45.0 μm减小到21.9 μm;2道次锻造后再结晶体积分数为89.5%,平均晶粒尺寸为16.3 μm;3道次锻造后坯料的再结晶体积分数为96.1%,平均晶粒尺寸为14.3 μm。与试验结果比较可知,模拟结果准确可靠。结论 提高锻造温度和增大锻造道次可以促进试样发生动态再结晶,从而达到细化晶粒的目的。     

MB2镁合金变形组织性能研究

为了探讨镁合金铸造组织在较低温度下变形时对组织性能的影响,采用现代冶金分析和测试方法,研究了MB2镁合金铸棒在不同变形温度和变形程度下组织演变过程和再结晶行为,并对各变形条件下试样进行拉伸实验.结果表明,通过挤压变形及动态再结晶,可以显著细化铸造MB2合金的晶粒,其尺寸可由铸态的约100 μm减少到5μm;随变形温度的升高,MB2合金的抗拉强度下降,达到一定温度后,趋于稳定;在相同的变形程度下,随着变形温度的升高,晶粒有长大的趋势.     

轧制ZK61镁合金板材晶粒长大行为

通过对热轧的ZK61镁合金板材试样分别进行不同温度和不同保温时间的退火实验,利用金相显微镜(OM)观察显微组织,对晶粒尺寸进行分析和处理,并建立数学模型,系统研究了轧制ZK61镁合金的晶粒长大行为。研究结果表明,晶粒尺寸随着退火温度的升高与退火时间的延长而粗化,退火温度对晶粒长大的影响比退火时间的影响明显。对于ZK61镁合金在250~450℃温度区间的晶粒长大过程,其晶粒尺寸与加热时间的关系可用Beck方程D~n-D_0~n=kt描述,其中k=k_0exp[-Q_g/(RT)]。计算可得晶粒长大指数n为3.5,长大激活能Qg为45kJ/mol。     

Zn-4%Al合金的超塑性变形行为

本文研究了经不同微细化处理后(～1μm)的Zn—4％Al合金超塑性变形行为和显微组织的变化。结果表明:热轧、淬火和冷轧三种状态只要晶粒达到微细化,都能呈现超塑性;三种状态的合金以V卡=lmm/mim的速度拉伸时延伸率随温度的变化出现两个峰值。微观组织观察表明,经超塑性拉伸变形后晶粒长大,并趋于等轴化。晶粒的长大除了该温度下的热长大外,应变对晶粒的长大也有显著的影响。Zn—4％Al合金在超塑性变形中产生空洞,多数空洞平行于拉伸轴方向被拉长,最后由于空洞的连接引起试样的断裂。     

铁素体不锈钢焊接HAZ的晶粒长大模型

用物理模拟方法研究了铁素体不锈钢EB26－1焊接热影响区HAZ的晶粒长大,通过在不同规范下的等温晶粒长大物理模拟与分析,并结合焊接试验,建立了HAZ晶粒长大的模型,该模型成功地将Arrhenius公式用于热影响区晶粒长大计算,给出了焊接HAZ存在很陡的温度梯度对晶粒大长起阻碍作用的热钉扎效应,为选择合适的焊接规范和计算机模拟提供了依据。     

热模压Nd-Fe-B磁体变形过程及其模拟研究

Nd-Fe-B快淬磁粉在真空中热压,继续进行不同变形温度和不同应变率的热模压处理.通过分析不同变形温度下的热变形过程中应力一应变率关系,对热模压Nd-Fe-B磁体的热变形行为进行了研究并由此得到了描述热变形过程的关键参数.为了清楚理解晶粒边界滑移和各向异性晶粒长大在变形过程中所起的作用,利用三维有限元软件(DEFORM...     

大型LEICA金相热台系统试样专用夹具的设计与制作

为满足大型LEICA金相热台系统对金相试样的特殊要求,设计制作了磨制试样的专用夹具。该夹具的制作不仅提高了试样的制作效率,而且解决了试样在磨制过程中的污染问题,从而使金相试样在不同温度下的相变图像显示更加清晰,试验结果更加准确。     

热模拟圆柱形压缩试样上金相观测点的选取

利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件，模拟了热模拟试验中圆柱形压缩试样上的应变分布以及试样鼓形的变化。通过比较试样的鼓形，确定了在Gleeble3800热模拟试验机进行圆柱形试样压缩试验时压头与试样间的摩擦系数，根据此结果模拟计算得到压缩试样上进行金相观测的合适位置。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.