AZ31镁合金热锻后的组织与性能的研究

研究了变形温度和变形量对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响.结果表明:随着变形量的增加,孪晶数量减少,在400℃变形量为10%时,出现动态再结晶晶粒.随着温度升高,孪晶减少甚至消失,当温度达到350℃时,在晶界和孪晶界观察到细小的再结晶晶粒,温度继续升高,再结晶晶粒会出现长大现象.材料的抗压强度随着温度的升高先增加后减小.     

ZK60镁合金热压缩变形行为

为了研究ZK60镁合金的热变形行为,采用Gleebe-1500热模拟机在变形温度为423～673K、应变速率为0.001～10s-1条件下对合金进行的热压缩试验.分析合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,通过引入Z参数建立合金流变应力本构方程,并观察合金变形过程中的显微组织演变.结果表明:变形温度低于473K且应变速率大于0.1s-1时试样发生宏观开裂;在变形温度较高和应变速率较低时,合金真应力-真应变曲线具有动态再结晶特征.随变形温度升高和应变速率的降低流变应力减小,热压缩后的组织中再结晶现象越明显;应变速率越高,再结晶晶粒越细小.     

塑性变形对铸态AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

为了研究塑性变形对铸态镁合金组织和性能的改善作用,用铸态AZ31镁合金进行了等温压缩实验,并测试了原始试样和变形后试样的组织和性能.结果表明:铸态AZ31合金通过塑性变形可以显著细化晶粒;随变形温度的升高,变形所得试样抗拉强度下降;在同一温度下变形所得试样抗拉强度随变形程度的增加而升高,变形程度达到一定值后,抗拉强度不再升高并有下降的趋势;铸态AZ31合金低温变形(210～240℃)后,可大幅度提高其抗拉强度.     

AZ31镁合金冷压缩变形再结晶的研究

对取自铸态的AZ31镁合金进行不同变形量的压缩变形,然后在不同温度下保温不同时间进行退火处理,观察微观组织,获得变形量、退火温度和保温时间对AZ31镁合金微观组织的影响规律.结果表明:在退火过程中,变形量大(12.5%和15%)的试样可以发生完全再结晶,变形量为2.5%和5%的试样未观察到再结晶的发生.随着退火温度的升高,再结晶过程加快,孪晶界是新的再结晶形核地点.     

AZ61镁合金热压缩变形组织研究

在gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机上以应变速率为0.01 s-1和1s-1,变形温度为350℃和400℃,对AZ61镁合金热压缩变形,并对变形试样显微组织进行了研究。结果表明:热变形过程中发生了不同程度的动态再结晶,得到不完全再结晶组织。变形温度和应变速率对再结晶程度、再结晶晶粒尺寸均匀性有明显影响;以较低的温度配合高的应变速率,热变形后发生再结晶晶粒均匀细小;变形温度高且应变速率高时,发生动态再结晶的区域变小,再结晶晶粒尺寸偏大且极不均匀,低温高速热变形有利于获得均匀细小的再结晶组织。     

ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机在温度250～400℃、应变速率0.001～1s-1、最大变形程度105%的条件下对ZK60镁合金进行了高温压缩模拟实验研究。分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,计算了变形激活能和应力指数,并观察了热压缩变形过程中组织的变化。结果表明,合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加,随温度的升高而减小;在给定的变形条件下,计算出合金的变形激活能为63～130kJ/mol,应力指数为2.78～3.79;降低变形温度和提高应变速率可使再结晶晶粒的平均尺寸减小。     

Mn对Mg-4Zn变形镁合金组织与性能的影响

目的 研究Mn对Mg-4Zn合金再结晶组织演变和力学性能的影响,发展高性能Mg-Zn-Mn变形镁合金。方法 以Mg-Zn镁合金为研究对象,利用Mn元素的固溶强化增塑、刺激再结晶形核和钉扎再结晶晶界的特点,通过Mg-Zn-Mn挤压镁合金的显微组织以及室温力拉伸和压缩力学性能测试,分析挤压过程中显微组织的演变和成分对力学性能的影响。结果 Mg-4Zn-2Mn合金平均晶粒尺寸为~7 μm,其拉伸屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率、压缩屈服强度和拉压不对称性分别为226 MPa,316 MPa,17%,171 MPa,0.75。结论 合金化元素Mn可有效细化变形镁合金的再结晶组织,随Mn元素含量的增加,Mg-Zn合金再结晶组织不断细化,未再结晶区域增加,合金力学性能增加,拉压不对称性改善。     

Nb47Ti合金热变形行为及微观组织

目的 研究Nb47Ti合金在变形温度为600～750℃、应变速率为0.001～1s?1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织。方法 采用Gleeble-3500型热/力模拟试验机进行等温恒应变速率压缩实验,获得Nb47Ti合金热变形的真应力应变曲线,并利用EBSD技术手段分析热变形后的微观组织。结果 Nb47Ti合金在变形温度小于650℃、应变速率小于0.1s?1下热变形的真应力-应变曲线为动态再结晶型曲线,变形温度大于等于700℃时呈现为动态回复型曲线;峰值应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小而减小;在变形温度为650℃、应变速率为0.001 s?1下热变形组织以再结晶晶粒和亚晶粒为主,随着应变速率的增大,动态再结晶晶粒不断减少,而亚晶粒和变形晶粒增多,晶粒得到显著细化。当应变速率为0.1 s?1时,随着变形温度的增加,晶粒尺寸增大,变形温度升高至750℃,热变形组织中亚晶粒所占比例高达50.5%。结论 Nb47Ti合金是温度和正应变速率敏感材料,随变形温度的升高和应变速率的增大,变形过程中动态回复软化机制更为显著,低温、高应变速率下变形获得的再结晶晶粒尺寸小。     

AZ31镁合金热变形特性研究

通过MTS试验机进行等温压缩实验,变形温度范围473～623 K、应变速率范围0.001～1 s-1,研究了AZ31镁合金的流变应力行为及其微观组织的演变规律.结果表明,变形温度、应变速率与峰值应力之间的相互关系可用指数模型来描述,其激活能约为138.13kJ/mol,而动态再结晶则是该合金在热变形过程中的主要软化机制和晶粒细化手段.     

铸态AZ31镁合金热压缩过程中的再结晶行为

利用Gleeble-1500在温度200～500℃和应变速率0.001～1s-1范围内对铸态AZ31镁合金进行热压缩实验,并对动态再结晶行为进行研究。基于温度-应变速率的变化规律(Zener-Hollomon参数,Z参数),分析了形变温度和应变速率对铸态AZ31镁合金组织结构的影响规律。结果表明:动态再结晶发生后,再结晶晶粒尺寸随着形变温度的降低而减小。随着Z值的增加,动态再结晶作用增强,形变组织细化。为了便于工程应用的参考,给出了相应的热加工三维图。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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